• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.19-41
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• 2007

This research has a goal which is suggesting the way of constructing 'Cluster' which mean scheming the commencement of an enterprise in an early stage. Now it is reorganized into a IT industry structure 'Time-to market growth' is burst as a big issue. in that point, this research analyze the core success factor which is drawing from the existing IT industrial complex, and then it will be used to draw up to the 'Idealistic growth-support Cluster' on the basis of it, we pulled out various issues about the Corporate in the early stage of its growth. Therefore, this research is focused on presenting the ideal network(net) by considering the Network that organizations and business in Cluster or the network including the factors linked organizations and business in Cluster. therefore, this research carried out three big analysis. from the case investigation we pulled out the core growth factor, and then we approached the analysis of net structure for making application to Network Analysis. and then we analyzed that the characteristics of the Network after measuring by on the basis of analyzing core growth factor. and especailly, this research carried out the Core analysis for recognition of Core- support-frame by base Centrality Test on the net which is composed of growth support organizations at each Business. Judging from this, we can help to make full use of resources for the network analysis in Cluster and establish the Network Strategy by Structure comparison between the structure of industry-Cluster and ideal Business-support networks on the basis of the analysis from the Core-success-factor

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.15-26
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• 2014

This study focus on a economic value of the Big Data technologies by real options model using big data technology company's stock price to determine the price of the economic value of incremental assessed value. For estimating stochastic process of company's stock price by big data technology to extract the incremental shares, Generalized Moments Method (GMM) are used. Option value for Black-Scholes partial differential equation was derived, in which finite difference numerical methods to obtain the Big Data technology was introduced to estimate the economic value. As a result, a option value of big data technology investment is 38.5 billion under assumption which investment cost is 50 million won and time value is a about 1 million, respectively. Thus, introduction of big data technology to create a substantial effect on corporate profits, is valuable and there are an effects on the additional time value. Sensitivity analysis of lower underlying asset value appear decreased options value and the lower investment cost showed increased options value. A volatility are not sensitive on the option value due to the big data technological characteristics which are low stock volatility and introduction periods.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.179-208
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• 2004

With the outbreak of the financial crisis in mid-1997, the Korean government has removed a majority of M&A-related regulations in order to facilitate M&A transactions. This was based upon the belief that M&As are one of the most efficient ways to restructure financially distressed firms compared to other government-driven restructuring programs. In this paper, we try to empirically assess the role of M&A in restructuring distressed firms in Korea following the financial crisis. In doing so, three empirical analyses have been conducted. The first analysis attempts to identify financial characteristics of the insolvent M&A targets. The second exercise directly tests the change in performance of insolvent M&A targets before and after such M&A transactions. The third analysis is a more general assessment on the role of M&A transactions to determine if being involved in an M&A transaction (regardless of its motivate) has reduced the probability of becoming insolvent in the future. Overall, we find some evidence supporting that M&A activities after the financial crisis have played a positive role in restructuring financially distressed firms in Korea.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine whether the cash policies of retail firms listed on Korean stock markets are consistent with the evidence provided in the study of Almeida et al. (2004). Liquidity management is an important issue for financially constrained firms relative to financially unconstrained firms. Because there are few sources of external funding, the optimal liquidity policies of financially constrained firms should reflect their own earnings or cash inflows to create opportunities for current and future real investments. According to this simple idea, we estimate the sensitivity of cash to cash flows and simply check whether the estimated sensitivity to cash flows of the cash retained by constrained retail firms is greater than that of the cash retained by unconstrained retail firms. Through this work, we aim to explain why the cash policies of the retail firms listed on the Korean stock markets differ from those of listed manufacturing enterprises. Research design, data, and methodology - To explain a firm's cash holdings, we use only three explanatory variables: earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), Tobin's q, and size. All the variables are defined as the value of the numerator divided by aggregate assets. Thanks to this definition, it is possible to treat all the sample firms as a single large firm. The sample financial data for this study are collected from the retail enterprises listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets from 1991 to 2013. We can obtain these data from WISEfn, the financial information company. This study's methodology has its origin in Keynes's simple idea of precautionary liquidity demand: When a firm faces financial constraints, cash savings from earnings or cash inflows become important from the corporate finance perspective. Following this simple idea, Almeida et al. (2004) developed their theoretical model and found empirical evidence that the sensitivity of cash to cash flows varies systematically according to different types of financing frictions. To find more empirical evidence for this idea, we examined the cash flow sensitivity of the cash held by Korean retail firms. Results - Through several robustness tests, we empirically showed that financially constrained Korean retail firms display significant positive propensity to save cash from earnings before interest and taxes, while the estimated cash flow sensitivity of the cash held by unconstrained retail firms is not significant. Despite the relatively low earnings of retail firms, their sensitivity is three times greater than that of manufacturing enterprises. This implies that Korean retail firms have greater intentions of facilitating future investments rather than current investments. Conclusions - The characteristics of the cash policies of Korean retail firms differ from those of manufacturing firms. This contrast may be attributable to industry-oriented policy planning, regulations, and institutional differences. However, the industrial policymakers should observe signals of the long-term growth options of retail firms based on their high propensity to save from their cash inflows.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.121-141
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• 2012

This study compares and analyzes the numbers and characteristics of Korea-related subjects included in the 2008 Japanese edition of the National Diet Library Subject Headings (NDLSH) and the $2^{nd}$ edition of the Chinese Classified Thesaurus(CCT). The analysis results show that 258 subjects, approximately twice as many as 137 subjects in CCT, were found in NDLSH. There are more pure subjects that exclude the references in CCT than in NDLSH. On the other hand, much more subjects are found in NDLSH in the event that personal names, corporate headings, and subjects combined with detailed headings are included. Meanwhile, more subjects are relatively engaged in the fields of politics, diplomacy, and military in CCT because CCT is characterized by socialism and by being a pro-North Korea. Moreover, the considerable numbers of subjects reflecting North Korea's viewpoint are included in CCT. NDLSH changed only recently the names of both South and North Korea into the "Republic of Korea" and the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea", respectively. On the other hand, CCT more frequently uses "Joseon" than "Korea", and the distinction between the names is unclear. CCT thoroughly supports the stance of the developed country, directly involved in the disputable subjects between two countries such as "Dokdo", "the East Sea", "Dumangang", and "Baekdusan". Both heading lists consider "Balhae" as part of Chinese history in CCT, which has ignored the position of Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.29 no.1 s.52
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• pp.51-65
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to examine the trends of length of hospital stay (LOS), which is most likely to be a major attribute to hospital performance. From 1984 to 1994, an average LOS of each hospital was analyzed by factors such as medical departments, bed size, occupancy rate, region and ownership. This study was analyzed changing rate of LOS during 11 years. This rate was calculated by simple regression, which was used only with hospital without missing data during 11 years. This study findings are as follows. 1. The results indicated that the average LOS was steadily increased until 1990 but it was slightly decreased after 1990. 2. This trend could be found in all hospital scale and all group of occupancy rate. Specifically this trends of LOS were found in internal medicine, corporate owned hospitals, and hospitals in major city. But LOS of individual owned hospital was continuously increased until 1994. 3. Means of changing rates of LOS were calculated from 1984 to 1994. If we devided it into two parts, before 1990 and after 1990, most changing rates of LOS before 1990 except individual owned hospital were found positive sign. The changing rates after 1990 were negative sign but small hospital(lesser then 200 bed), individual owned hospital, national & public hospital and hospital in small urban have little change of LOS after 1990. Finally from this results we thought that most hospitals in Korea began to be concerned with LOS. Nevertheless LOS of several hospital such as small hospital or individual owned hospital was increased. And this trend may be caused by a few patients, low occupancy rate, or low profit. This trend of LOS is different from that of other countries. Perhaps this phenomenon is resulted from the reimbursement method. Because of fee for service reimbursement system in Korea the hospitals didn't need to shorten LOS in order to save the cost and increase the profit. Therefore reform of hospital cost reimbursement method will be needed to reduce hospital cost in Korea. We thought that the Korean health authority should consider the reimbursement method by unit of bundle of services, for example DRG and prepayment in the United States. This study presents some limitations such as no insight of severity of disease, case-mix measurement of hospital, and other clinical characteristics that can. possibly affect LOS. However, this study reports an important trend in LOS from 1984 to 1994.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2018

Utilizing sequence control and numerical computing, embedded devices are used in a variety of automated systems, including those at industrial sites, in accordance with their control program. Since embedded devices are used as a control system in corporate industrial complexes, nuclear power plants and public transport infrastructure nowadays, deliberate attacks on them can cause significant economic and social damages. Most attacks aimed at embedded devices are data-coded, code-modulated, and control-programmed. The control programs for industry-automated embedded devices are designed to represent circuit structures, unlike common programming languages, and most industrial automation control programs are designed with a graphical language, LAD, which is difficult to process static analysis. Because of these characteristics, the vulnerability analysis and security related studies for industry automation control programs have only progressed up to the formal verification, real-time monitoring levels. Furthermore, the static analysis of industrial automation control programs, which can detect vulnerabilities in advance and prepare for attacks, stays poorly researched. Therefore, this study suggests a method to present a discussion on an industry automation control program designed to represent the circuit structure to increase the efficiency of static analysis of embedded industrial automation programs. It also proposes a medium term translation technology exploiting LLVM IR to comprehensively analyze the industrial automation control programs of various manufacturers. By using LLVM IR, it is possible to perform integrated analysis on dynamic analysis. In this study, a prototype program that converts to a logical expression type of medium language was developed with regards to the S company's control program in order to verify our method.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.7 no.7
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• pp.165-174
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to verify the effects of R&D process maturity on product development performance and to verify whether R&D project performance mediating effect. The questionnaire was collected and analyzed to 131 persons related to the R&D work in 55 companies and public institutions performing R&D work. The results of this study are as follows, the effect of R&D process maturity on product development performance and mediating effect of R&D project performance were analyzed by simple and multiple regression analysis. Regression analysis was analyzed by SPSS statistical program. The higher the maturity level of the R&D process, the higher the product development performance and the R&D project performance, and the R&D project performance is partially mediated. It is concluded that it is important to establish and operate a systematic R&D process and to develop a project management methodology suitable for the characteristics of a company in order to improve product development performance. It is expected that if this study are utilized as practical R&D management methodology in corporate management, it will contribute to improvement of company product performance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.1
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• pp.137-146
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• 2014

We have developed the Forest Carbon Sink Index on afforestation and reforestation activities, a regulation stated in article 26 of the 'Law on the maintenance and enhancement of carbon sink (Carbon Sink Law)', which took effect on March, 2013. According to the legal purpose to evaluate the performance of individual forest carbon offset projects and to compare each other at a certain point, values of the forest carbon sink index were calculated by the scoring method. Three criteria were established based on the Carbon Sink Law: 'Carbon' (real greenhouse gas reduction), 'Human' (socio-economic effect) and 'Nature' (environmental effect). Continuously, 9 indicators from the three criteria were selected by top-down approach; the adequacy of each criteria and indicators were reviewed through on-line Delphi survey; and finally weighted value of each criteria and indicators were assigned. To reflect the characteristics of the domestic forest carbon offset projects, which focus on corporate social responsibility-typed projects, we applied the score weighting method to minimize gaps among criteria and ones among indicators. After applying our newly developed forest carbon sink index to five domestic forest carbon offset projects, we could confirm that the criteria of 'Human' and 'Nature', which criteria are in relatively low weight, can play a role as an actual incentive to reduce negative socio-economic and environmental impacts. Based on performance evaluation of the five forest carbon offset project by the forest carbon sink index, the best or good performance project developers could be rewarded, and further the performance evaluation would work as an incentive to stimulate the involvement of domestic project developers in the field of forest carbon offset project.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.109-128
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• 2010

The purpose of our research is to figure out the 'non-financial value' of consumers applying networks amongst consumer groups, the data-based marketing strategy to the analysis and delve into the ways for enhancing effectives in marketing activities by adapting the value to the marketing. To verify the authenticity of the points, we did the empirical test on the consumer group using 'the Essence Cosmetics Products' of high involvement that is deeply affected by consumer perceptions and the word-of-mouth activities. 1) The empirical analysis reveals the following features. First, the segmented market for 'Essence Consumer' is composed of several independent networks, each network shows to have the consumers that is high degree centrality and closeness centrality. Second, the result proves the authenticity of the non-financial value for boosting corporate profits by the high degree centrality and closeness centrality consumer's word-of-mouth activities. Lastly, we verify that there lies a difference in the network structure of 'Essence Cosmetics Market'per each product origin(domestic, foreign) and demographic characteristics. It does, therefore, indicate the need to consider the features applying mutually complementary for the network targeting.