• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2019

Using the abandoned agricultural by-product corncobs, the most commonly used methylene blue (MB) dyestuffs were removed. This experiment is very meaningful because it is the recycling of resources and the use of environmentally friendly adsorbents. According to the Hauser ratio and porosity analysis, the corncob has a good flow ability of the adsorbent material and many pores, which is very advantageous for MB adsorption. As a result of the experiment, MB concentration of less than 0.005 g/L was very efficiently removed with 10 g/L of bioadsorbent corncob and the maximum adsorption capacity of corncob for MB dyes was obtained at 417.1 mg/g. In addition, adsorption process of MB onto corncob was a physical process according to adsorption energy analysis. Corncob can efficiently and environmentally remove MB in aqueous solution, and is very cost effective and can recycle the abandoned resources.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.166-169
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• 2011

느타리버섯 수확후 배지의 가축사료화가 가능하도록 주재료로 콘코브를 사용하여 적합한 영양원을 선발하고자 하였다. 시험에 사용된 영양원 가운데 질소함량은 채종박(7.6%)>케이폭박(6.4%)>밀기울(2.7%)순이고, 조지방함량은 밀기울(2.7%)>케이폭박(2.4%)>채종박(1.3%)>면실박(0.8%)로 나타났다. 영양원별 혼합배지의 이화학적 특성결과 C/N율은 18~20, 용적밀도 $0.27{\sim}0.28g/cm^3$, 공극률 73.1~74.8로 처리간의 차이가 없었으며, 병당 수량은 케이폭박 첨가구(케이폭박 단용, 면실박+케이폭박(1:1) 혼용, 케이폭박+밀기울(1:1) 혼용)가 153~158g으로 대조구(면실박, 150g)와 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났고, 그러나 채종유박은 초발이 소요일수도 1일 늦고 수량도 상대적으로 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 케이폭박 처리구의 수확후 배지의 사료적 가치를 분석결과 58.3%로 면실박보다 높은것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.294-301
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• 2012

본 연구는 농업 부산물인 옥수숫대를 이용하여 옥살산 전처리와 효소가수분해를 통한 에탄올 발효 효율 향상조건을 탐색하였다. 옥살산 전처리 옥수숫대의 효소가수분해는 Accellerase 1000을 이용하였으며, $50^{\circ}C$ 온도조건과 pH 4.5에서 96시간 가수분해하여 가장 높은 단당류 수율인 $64.8g/{\ell}$의 단당류 수율을 나타냈다. 옥수숫대에서 생산된 단당류의 발효에는 Pichia stipitis CBS 6054를 공시균주로 사용하였고, 전처리 옥수숫대 및 효소 투입량이 각각 10~14%와 15 FPU 이었을 때 효율적인 에탄올 생산에 가장 적합한 것으로 판명되었다. 이러한 조건에서 24시간 발효 후에 약 88.2%의 에탄올 전환율에 해당되는 0.45의 에탄올 수율을 얻었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.822-829
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• 2016

Our aim was to optimize the production of cellulase-free thermoactive xylanase by Aureobasidium pullulans CBS 135684 with statistical methodology based on experimental designs. Among eleven variables, the nutrient sources that had significant effect on xylanase production were corncob, $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, xylose, $KH_2PO_4$ and tween 80, identified by the initial screening method of Plackett-Burman. The optimum concentrations of these five components were subsequently investigated using response surface methodology. The optimal concentrations ($g{\cdot}l^{-1}$) for maximum production of xylanase were corncob, 39.0; $(NH_4)_2SO_4$, 3.0; xylose, 1.8; $KH_2PO_4$ 1.4; and tween 80, 1.4, respectively. An improved xylanase yield of $8.74{\pm}0.84U{\cdot}ml^{-1}$ was obtained with optimized medium which is 2.1-fold higher production than previously obtained results ($4.10{\pm}0.10U{\cdot}ml^{-1}$) after 48 h of cultivation. In addition, the xylanase production under optimal condition reached $10.09{\pm}0.27U{\cdot}ml^{-1}$ after 72 h of cultivation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1673-1680
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• 2012

In this study, DEAE-corncobs [delignified corncob grits derivatized with 2-(diethylamino)ethyl chloride hydrochloride ($DEAE{\cdot}HCl$)] were prepared as a carrier to immobilize yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) for ethanol production. The immobilized yeast cell reactor produced ethanol under optimized $DEAE{\cdot}HCl$ derivatization and adsorption conditions between yeast cells and the DEAE-corncobs. When delignified corncob grit (3.0 g) was derivatized with 0.5M $DEAE{\cdot}HCl$, the yeast cell suspension ($OD_{600}$ = 3.0) was adsorbed at >90% of the initial cell $OD_{600}$. This amount of adsorbed yeast cells was estimated to be 5.36 mg-dry cells/g-DEAE corncobs. The $Q_{max}$ (the maximum cell adsorption by the carrier) of the DEAE-corncobs was estimated to be 25.1 (mg/g), based on a Languir model biosorption isotherm experiment. When we conducted a batch culture with medium recycling using the immobilized yeast cells, the yeast cells on DEAE-corncobs produced ethanol gradually, according to glucose consumption, without cells detaching from the DEAE-corncobs. We observed under electron microscopy that the yeast cells grew on the surface and in the holes of the DEAE-corncobs. In a future study, DEAE-corncobs and the immobilized yeast cell reactor system will contribute to bioethanol production from biomass hydrolysates.

• Mycobiology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2019

Mushroom cultivation has gained increased attention in recent years. Currently, only four types of spawn, including sawdust spawn, grain spawn, liquid spawn, and stick spawn, are commonly available for mushroom cultivation. This limited spawn diversity has led to difficulty in selecting suitable inoculum materials in some cultivation. In this study, three small blocks of lignocellulosic agro-wastes and one block of a synthetic matrix were prepared as support for growing Pleurotus ostreatus in liquid medium. Mycelium-adsorbed blocks were then evaluated for their potential as block spawn for fructification. Our results indicated that the edible fungus was adsorbed and abundantly grew internally and externally on loofah sponge and synthetic polyurethane foam (PUF) supports and also has the ability to attach and grow on the surface of sugarcane bagasse and corncob supports. The mycelia of P. ostreatus adhered on corncob exhibited the highest metabolic activity, while those on the PUF showed the least activity. Mycelial extension rates of block spawns made of agro-waste materials were comparable to that of sawdust spawn, but the block spawn of PUF showed a significantly lower rate. No significant differences in cropping time and yield were observed among cultivations between experimental block spawns and sawdust spawns. Moreover, the corncob block spawn maintained its fruiting potential during an examined period of 6-month storage. The developed block spawn could be practically applied in mushroom cultivation.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.251-258
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• 2014

The use of sustainable technologies such as supplementary cementitious materials, and/or recycled post-consumer environmental wastes is widely used in concrete industry in the last decade. This paper presents the results of a laboratory investigation of normal concrete containing sustainable technologies. Twenty one mixtures (21) were prepared with different combinations of silica fume, fly ash, olive's seed ash, and corncob ash (CCA). Fresh and hardened concrete properties were measured, as expected the inclusion of the sustainable technologies affected both fresh and hardened concrete properties. Based on the results obtained in this study and the analyses conducted, the following observations were drawn: replacing the cement by olive's seed ash or CCA has a significant effect on fresh concrete workability. Olive's seed ash increased the slump by more than 200 % compared to the control mixtures. The compressive strength of mixtures containing olive's seed ash showed by 45 and 75 % decrease compared to the control mixtures. The 28 days compressive strength of mixtures produced by CCA of 10 % replacement decreased by 41 % compared to the control mixture.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2019

Mass cultivation of microalgae is necessary to achieve economically feasible production of microalgal biodiesel. However, the high cost of nutrients is a major limitation. In this study, corncob extract (CCE) was used as an inorganic and organic nutrient source for the mass cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris). Chemical composition analysis of CCE revealed that it contained sufficient nutrients for mixotrophic cultivation of C. vulgaris. The highest specific grow rate of C. vulgaris was obtained at pH of 7-8, temperature of $25-30^{\circ}C$, and CCE amount of 5 g/L. In the analysis using various growth models, Luong model was found to be the most suitable empirical formula for mass cultivation of C. vulgaris using CCE. Analysis of biomass and production of triacyglycerol showed that microalgae grown in CCE medium produced more than 17.23% and 3% more unsaturated fatty acids than cells cultured in Jaworski's Medium. These results suggest that growing microalgae in CCE-supplemented medium can increase lipid production. Therefore, CCE, agricultural byproduct, has potential use for mass cultivation of microalgae.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.14-20
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• 2016

팽이버섯 병재배용 배지재료 중 수분함량, 질소함량 등 품질의 균일화 정도가 낮은 콘코브의 대체 재료를 선발하고자 본 시험을 수행하였다. 카사바줄기칩과 콘코브의 혼합비율을 콘코브의 3분의 1를 카사바줄기칩으로 대체한 33:67(T-1), 콘코브의 3분의 2를 카사바줄기칩으로 대체한 67:33(T-2), 콘코브와 비트펄프의 전량을 카사바줄기칩으로 대체한 100:0(T-3)와 0:100(대조)에 따른 자실체 수량을 비교하였다. 살균후 배지수분 함량이 65% 수준에서 처리구 T-1과 T-2는 자실체 수량이 282.7 g과 274.0 g으로 대조구의 259.9 g/1,100ml에 비하여 108.8%와 105.4%로 많았다. 처리별 병당 배지 재료비는 T-1이 97원, T-2가 84원으로 대조구의 104원에 비하여 각각 7%, 19%가 절감되었다.

• 한국버섯학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2014

폐 한방슬러지의 pH는 5.3으로 주재료인 콘코프의 pH 5.2와 비슷하였으나, 환원당 함량은 4.8 mg/g으로 콘코프의 1.9 mg/g 보다 2.5배 높게 나타났다. 평판배지를 사용하여 폐 한방슬러지의 첨가농도를 검토한 결과 폐 한방슬러지를 첨가하지 않은 대조구보다 5, 15 및 10%(w/w) 첨가 순으로 팽이버섯 균사 성장이 왕성하였다. 콘코프 및 미송톱밥배지에 폐 한방슬러지를 각각 10% 첨가하여 제조한 배지를 시험관에 충진시킨 다음 팽이버섯 액체종균을 접종하여 $25^{\circ}C$에서 6일 동안 배양한 결과 대조구에서는 약 2.2~3.4 cm, 시험구에서는 약 5.8~6.4 cm의 균사성장이 이루어졌다. 그리고 팽이버섯뿐만 아니라 표고버섯 및 녹각버섯(영지버섯 일종)을 접종한 시험구에서도 동일한 결과를 얻었다. 폐 한방슬러지를 10% 첨가한 배지로 현장실험을 행한 결과 팽이버섯의 수확량은 대조구보다 약 5%정도 떨어졌지만 기형버섯 발생율과 2등품 버섯의 생산량은 시험구에서 월등하게 적었다. 팽이버섯의 생산량이 16만병/1일 행하는 재배사를 기준으로 경제성 분석을 행한 결과 당해 년에는 약 5천만원이 절약되고 그 다음해부터는 인건비와 운영비를 제외한 약 1억3천만원의 생산단가 절약이 예상되었다.