• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.57-65
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• 2007

Objectives : We examined to know the effect of Cordyceps sinensis(CS) on arthritis mouse induced by type II collagen. Methods : To analyse immunomodulatory effects of CS, arthritis index, incidence, hind paw edema, DTH, spleen weight, the number of hemocytes, and surface-receptor expression of CD4+, CD8+ and CD19+ cells in DBA/IJ mice which is experimental model of arthritis induced by collagen were measured in vivo. Results: CS reduced arthritis index, incidence, hind paw edema and DTH significantly as compared with the control group in experimental model of arthritis induced by collagen. CS enhanced the spleen weight significantly as compared with the control group but didn't enhanced the number of leukocytes and thrombocytes in experimental model of arthritis. CS enhanced the number of activating cells and surface-receptor expression of CD4+, CD8+ cells as compared with the control group but didn't enhanced those of CD19+ cells in experimental model of arthritis. Conclusion : We found out that CS may have a suppressing effect againist auto-immune disease and will be need continuous research in looking for the more effective mechanism in the future.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.791-795
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• 2008

In the present study, Cordyceps sinensis extract (CSE) was evaluated to determine if it could protect pancreatic ${\beta}$ cells against cytokine-induced cytotoxicity of RINm5F cells. Treatment of cells with cytokines resulted in a decrease of viability, which was caused by increase of nitric oxide (NO) production. CSE protected cytokine-mediated viability reduction in a concentration-dependent manner. Incubation with CSE also induced a significant suppression of cytokine-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) protein and NO production. The molecular mechanism by which CSE inhibited iNOS protein expression appeared to involve the inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation. The cytokine-stimulated RIN cells showed increases in $NF-{\kappa}B$ binding activity compared to unstimulated cells. However, pretreatment with CSE inhibited cytokines-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in RINm5F cells.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.33-40
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• 2011

Anti-diabetic effect of the exopolysaccharides (EPS) produced from submerged mycelial culture of Cordyceps sinensis (Cs) was studiedin a type II diabetic animal model (C57BL/6J ob/ob). This study was designed to determine whether Cs-EPS improves clinical symptoms of type II diabetes in ob/ob mice. After Cs-EPS treatment at doses of 200 mg/kg body weight, the fasting blood glucose levels decreased by 47% after 7 weeks compared with those of the control mice. According to the oral glucose tolerance test, the glucose levels recovered its baseline after 120 min in Cs-EPS-treated mice, although the blood glucose levels increased significantly after 30 min. On the other hand, the control group (not-treated) did not recovered its initial level of glucose after 120 min. Furthermore, food intake, body weight, total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations in ob/ob mice treated with Cs-EPS were significantly decreased, compared with those in control ob/ob mice. Cs-EPS treatment increased significantly the plasma insulin level and the expression of leptin mRNA in adipose tissue of Cs-EPS-treated ob/ob mice. From these results, it is demonstrated that Cs-EPS could be effective for regulating normal blood glucose levels by increasing the amounts of plasma insulin and leptin expression in ob/ob mice, indicating that this compound could be a candidate material as a dietary supplement to control hyperglycemia in patients suffering from type II diabetes.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.240-245
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• 2004

Chungju(Sambaekju) supplemented with dried persimmon and cordyceps sinensis was prepared and its characteristics were estimated during the brewing. Reducing sugar contents was decreased, ethanol contents was increased in the during fermentation, the final ethanol contents in the first, second and third mash were 5.8%, 11.4% and 16.5%, respectively. Total acidity and amino acidity were increased in the during fermentation. The major organic acid was latic acid, acetic acid, malic acid and succinic acid were a little, and citric acid and tartaric acid were not detected. L-proline(1151.7 mg%) was major in free amino acid. the contents of total and essential amino acid were 11.19% and 217.70 ppm, respectively.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.382-385
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• 2001

The effect of agitation speed on the production of mycelial growth and exo-biopolymer in bioreaetor culture was investigated. The maximum production of mycelia and exo-biopolymer was obtained at 350 rpm, where the maximum concentrations of mycelial growth and exo-biopolymer were 62 g/L and 23 g/L, respectively. The effect of agitation speed on the hyphal length and the number of tips was examined. The hyphal length and the number of tips of Cordyceps sinensis 16 in bioreaetor culture at 350 rpm were increased up to 660 ${\mu}m$ and 14/ml, respectively.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.123-133
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• 2001

Objective : This study was undertaken to determine whether Cordyceps sinensis Sacc. (CSS) extract exerts the protective effect against oxidant-induced alterations in membrane transport function in renal tubules. Methods : Membrane transport fucntion was estimated by examining alterations in p-aminohippurate (PAH) uptake in rabbit renal cortical slices. For induction oxidative stress, slices were treated with an organic peroxide cumene hydroperoxide for 60 min at $37^{\circ}C$. Cumene hydroperoxide inhibited PAH uptake in a time dependent manner. Results : CSS at 0.5-5% concentrations prevented cumene hydroperoxide-induced inhibition of PAH uptake. CSS at 1% also attenuated LDH release and lipid peroxidation induced by cumene hydroperoxide. When slices were treated with 0.2 mM mercury chloride, PAH uptake was inhibited and lipid peroxidation was increased. These changes by mercury were significantly prevented by CSS. Conclusion : These results suggest that CSS prevents oxidant-induced alterations in membrane transport function in rabbit renal cortical slices. Such protective effect of CSS may be attributed to inhibition of peroxidation of membrane lipid.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.67-71
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• 1999

Effect of single intraperitoneal administration of Cordyceps sinensis (Cs) extract at 24 hour before whole-body ${\gamma}$ - irradiation on the survival ratio, body weight, organ weight changes and serum metabolites in the irradiated mice were investigated. The single pre-administration of Cs extract increased the 40-day survival ratio of irradiated mice from 66.7% to 83.4%. The administration of Cs extract completely prevented weight reductions of spleen and thymus produced by ${\gamma}$ - irradiation (P<0.05, P<0.01). Similar but somewhat less radioprotective effect was also found in the testis of the Cs treated mice. The administration of Cs inhibited the serum hyperglycemia produced by irradiation on the day 7th(P<0.01). However, it did not influence the serum cholesterol and protein levels on the days examined. The present study is the first report regarding Cs which was tested and found to be radioprotective.

• BMB Reports
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.466-473
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• 2004

A new acid deoxyribonuclease (DNase) was purified from the cultured mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis, and designated CSDNase. CSDNase was purified by $(NH_4)_2SO_4$ precipitation, Sephacryl S-100 HR gel filtration, weak anion-exchange HPLC, and gel filtration HPLC. The protein was single-chained, with an apparent molecular mass of ca. 34 kDa, as revealed by SDS-PAGE, and an isoelectric point of 7.05, as estimated by isoelectric focusing. CSDNase acted on both double-stranded (ds) and single- stranded (ss) DNA, but preferentially on dsDNA. The optimum pH of CSDNase was pH 5.5 and its optimum temperature 55. The activity of CSDNase was not dependent on divalent cations, but its enzymic activity was inhibited by high concentration of the cation: $MgCl_2$ above 150 mM, $MnCl_2$ above 200 mM, $ZnCl_2$ above 150 mM, $CaCl_2$ above 200 mM, NaCl above 300 mM, and KCl above 300 mM. CSDNase was found to hydrolyze DNA, and to generate 3-phosphate and 5-OH termini. These results indicate that the nucleolytic properties of CSDNase are essentially the same as those of other well-characterized acid DNases, and that CSDNase is a member of the acid DNase family. To our knowledge, this is the first report of an acid DNase in a fungus.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.156-167
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• 2002

This experimental study was carried out to evaluate the effects of Kimchi intake of Cordyceps sinensis extract (CDSE) supplementation on cytokine-induction and immune response in mice. To study in experiments using male Balb/c mice fed Kimchi and Kimchi of CDSE supplementation (addition of 2% of total Kimchi weight) containing fed experimental diet during 2 weeks. Experimental mice were fed control diet or diet containing freeze-dried Kimchi at the level of 5%(w/w) or 5% freeze-dried Kimchi with 2% CDSE supplementation. The main ingredient of Kimchi was Korean cabbage and fermentation was carried out at $4^{\circ}C$ for three weeks. Freeze-dried 2% CDSE supplementation was added to Kimchi at the beginning of fennentation. In order to investigate the effect of Kimchi intake of CDSE supplementation (5%Kimchi-2%CDSE), the following was performed; body weight, food intake, hematological parameter, serum level of mouse interleukin-4 (mIL-4) and mouse $interferon-{\gamma}$ $(mIFN-{\gamma})$, and, the percentage of CD3+/CD4+, CD3+/CD8+, B220+ in splenic cells. The results of final body weight, and food diet intake of two Kimchi groups were lower than those of the control group (not supplemented experimental diet). The hematology change obtained from the level of WBC (white blood cell) and platelet were not affected by feeding different dietary regiments, but the level of RBC (red blood cells) HB (hemoglobin), and spleen weight of two Kimchi groups were increased significantly than those of the control group. The serum level of IL-4 and $IFN-{\gamma}$ of two Kimchi groups were increased significantly than those of the control group, also enhanced the percentages of the CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ by 5% freeze-dried Kimchi, and 5%Kimchi-2%CDSE group were 43.9 and 60.1%, and 96.0 and 174% than those of the control group, respectively. From these results, it can be concluded that Kimchi itself has an immuno-stimulatory effect and Kimchi contaning 2% CDSE supplementation has the more pronounced effect in vivo system.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2002

The sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS1 and ITS2) and 5.8S ribosomal DNA gene from five Cordyceps species and one Paecilomyces japonica were determined. The total length of the ITSI, 5.8S and ITS2 regions ranged from 528 to 549 bp. When the C. militaris collected from Korea was used as a standard genotype, the sequence showed 88.4%, 88.6%, 91.1% and 86.8% identity to C. pruinosa, C. sphecocephala, C. scarabaeucika and R japonica, respectively, while the lowest identity was found with C. sinensis (75.4%). Interestingly, C. sinensis was phylogenetically distant from the other Cordyceps species. To test geographic variation, furthermore, sequences of the ITS regions in the 8 samples of C. militaris collected from two localities in Korea and China analyzed and compared with the GenBank-searched sequences from Japan and China. The total length of the ITS regions of C. militaris from Korea, Japan and China was completely identical to each other with 528 bp, and the sequence divergence among three localities in pairwise comparisons ranged from 0.2% (1 bp) to 0.4% (2 bp).