• 제목/요약/키워드: Control in Franchising

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국제프랜차이징 연구요소 및 연구방향 (Research Framework for International Franchising)

  • 김주영;임영균;심재덕
    • 마케팅과학연구
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    • 제18권4호
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    • pp.61-118
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    • 2008
  • 본 연구는 국내외 프랜차이즈의 해외진출에 대한 연구들을 바탕으로 국제프랜차이징연구의 전체적인 연구체계를 세워보고, 연구체계를 형성하고 있는 연구요인들을 확인하여 각 연구요소별로 이루어지는 연구주제와 내용을 살펴보고, 앞으로의 연구주제들을 제안하고자 한다. 주요한 연구요소들은 국제프랜차이징의 동기 및 환경 요소과 진출의사결정, 국제프랜차이징의 진입양식 및 발전전략, 국제프랜차이징의 운영전략 및 국제프랜차이징의 성과이다. 이외에도 국제프랜차이징 연구에 적용할 수 있는 대리인이론, 자원기반이론, 거래비용이론, 조직학습이론 및 해외진출이론들을 설명하였다. 또한 국제프랜차이징연구에서 보다 중점적으로 개발해야 할 질적, 양적 방법론을 소개하였으며, 마지막으로 국내연구의 동향을 정리하여 추후의 연구방향을 종합적으로 정리하였다.

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코로나-19 팬데믹 상황에서 외식기업의 경영성과와 프랜차이즈의 역할 (The Role of Franchising on the Restaurant Firms' Performance during COVID-19)

  • 선경아;김승현
    • 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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    • 제13권4호
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    • pp.39-48
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: COVID-19 has negatively influenced the financial performance of restaurant firms. Previous literature suggests that the franchising strategy effectively helps restaurant firms recover from difficult business conditions through various methods for expanding business size and enhancing business efficiency. According to risk-sharing theory, restaurant franchisors may minimize operational risks by sharing the risks with their franchisees. For instance, restaurant franchisors could generate more stable cash flow using franchise fees from their franchisees. However, research on the effect of franchise's risk reduction factor on business performance during pandemic is scarce. Thus, this study aims to examine the positive moderating effect of franchising between COVID-19 and restaurants' financial performance. Research design, data, and methodology: Panel data including financial information and franchising status of restaurant firms were collected for analysis. In order to control for unobserved firm-specific factors, generalized least squared estimation in fixed effects model was conducted. Huber-White robust standard errors were used to deal with heteroscedasticity issues. Results: It was found that COVID-19 pandemic has a negative effect on the restaurants' financial performance such as ROA (return on assets), ROE (return on equity), and PM (profit margins), which confirms the findings from existing literature. More importantly, results show that the degree of franchising has a positive moderating effect on the relationship between COVID-19 and financial performance of restaurant firms. This suggests that more active engagement in franchising may decrease negative impacts of COVID-19 on the restaurants' financial performance. Conclusions: The study supports existing literature related to risk-sharing theory, by confirming that pandemics, such as COVID-19, negatively affect financial performance of the restaurants. Furthermore, it was found that franchising strategy can help lessen negative impacts of pandemics on the firm performance. These findings can contribute to the franchise and restaurant management literature by suggesting the role of franchising in reducing business risks, thereby positively affecting financial performance. Moreover, this study offers business managers of franchisors and franchisees insights for utilizing franchising in restaurant risk management. Policymakers may also gain information on aiding restaurant firms during global crisis, such as COVID-19.

고등교육 프랜차이즈 운영 및 질 관리에 관한 연구: 영국의 사례를 중심으로 (The Management and Quality Assurance of Higher Education Franchising: A Case Study of UK Universities)

  • 이영환;김이경
    • 비교교육연구
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.83-106
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    • 2018
  • 본 연구는 영국 대학들의 고등교육 프랜차이즈 운영 및 질 관리 실태를 분석할 목적으로 수행되었다. 영국의 중부랭카셔대학, 리버풀존무어스대학, 런던메트로폴리탄대학의 사례를 프로그램 운영 배경, 협력 내용 및 운영형태, 추진체계 및 절차, 품질관리라는 4개 영역을 토대로 분석한 결과, 주요 특징은 다음과 같이 밝혀졌다. 첫째, 영국 대학들의 프랜차이즈 방식 교육과정 공동운영은 학생 자원과 재정의 확보라는 영국 대학의 관심과 국제화 및 위상 제고라는 파트너 대학의 관심이 호혜적으로 반영된 것이다. 둘째, 협력 분야는 영국 대학의 강점 분야와 파트너 대학의 필요에 따라 결정되었으며 영국 대학의 자율성에 힘입어 운영 형태와 학위수여 방식은 다양화되어 있다. 셋째, 프랜차이즈 운영의 투명성과 타당성 확보를 위한 추진체계가 중층적으로 구성되어 있으며, 프로그램 도입 단계에서 대학 본부의 지원이 체계적으로 제공된다. 넷째, 영국 대학들은 본교와 동일한 품질의 교육서비스를 파트너 대학에 제공하기 위해 엄격한 자체 품질관리를 시행하고 있으며 그 과정에서 고등교육질보장청(QAA)은 중요한 안내 역할을 수행한다. 이상 연구 결과를 토대로 고등교육 프랜차이즈에 관심을 가진 우리나라 대학들과 정부가 해외진출 시 유념할 시사점을 도출하여 제시하였다.

가맹본부의 통제의무에 관한 판례연구 (A Case Study on "Control" of the Franchisor)

  • 민주희
    • 무역학회지
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    • 제42권5호
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    • pp.1-18
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 가맹본부의 과도한 통제로 인하여 가맹점사업자가 독립적 사업자가 아닌 피용자로 전환될 수 있음을 시사한 Williams v. Jani-king of Philadelphia Inc. 사건을 고찰하였다. 이 사건에서 법원은 가맹점사업자의 지위를 판단하기 위해 계약상 가맹본부가 행하는 통제의 성격이 유일하고 명백한 증거라고 판단하였으나 계약상 내용뿐만 아니라 실질적으로 가맹본부가 가맹점 사업자에게 행사는 통제의 정도도 함께 고려되어야 할 필요성이 있다. 또한 계약상 통제의 성격을 판단함에 있어 그 기준이 명료하지 않기 때문에 가맹점사업자의 지위 판단이 상황에 따라 달라질 수 있으므로 기존의 가맹사업상 내제된 통제와 그 이상의 일상적인 관리상 통제로 구분하여 가맹점사업자의 지위를 판단하는 것이 적절할 것이다.

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Investigating Relationship between Control Mechanisms, Trust and Channel Outcome in Franchise System

  • YI, Ho-Taek;FORTUNE, Amenuvor Edem;YEO, Chan-Koo
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제17권9호
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    • pp.67-81
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    • 2019
  • Purpose - The overarching aim of this study is to empirically test the effect of ex-post control mechanisms on multi-dimensional trust and channel performance in franchise systems. Although the franchise system is a vertical marketing channel based on trust between the franchisor and the franchisees, issues related to franchisee's opportunistic behavior have persisted and thus requires research into the effective control system of franchise headquarters. Research design, data, and methodology - In this study, data was collected from 150 franchises to identify the effect of two types of franchising headquarters' control system on the multi-dimensional trust and franchise channel outcome between franchisor and franchisee. To test the hypotheses intended to achieve this aim, structural equations modeling technique is utilized. Results - The results of this research reveal that among the two formal control systems studied (output and process control), output control positively and significantly affects multidimensional trust. Additionally, among the three dimensions of trust employed in this study, only expertise has a positive and significant effect on contract compliance. Equally, only expertise and integrity have a negative and significant effect on opportunistic behavior. Conclusions - The study provides managerial and theoretical insights into understanding ex-post control mechanisms, trust, compliance and opportunistic behaviors in franchise systems.

한식에 대한 미국인들의 선호도 평가 연구 (Sensory Evaluation of Korean Traditional Foods for Americans)

  • 홍상필;이민아;김은미;채인숙
    • 한국식생활문화학회지
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.801-807
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    • 2007
  • The objectives of this study were to develop Korean dishes acceptable for quick-service Korean food restaurant franchising operations in the U.S. and to test consumer preferences of 6 Korean dishes developed. One hundred American consumers evaluated beef(Bulgogi), pork(Jeyuk-bokkeum), chicken(Dagkalbi), noodles with seasoned vegetables(Japchae), braised tofu(Dubujorim), and stir-fried kimchi (Kimchi-bokkeum). Consumer preferences for color and aroma of the three dishes(Bulgogi, Jeyuk-bokkeum and Dagkalbi) were not different with most indicating they liked these attributes. Bulgogi was preferred over Dagkalbi and Jeyuk-bokkeum was least acceptable. Consumers rated the flavor of the Bulgogi from a little too mild to just right while both the Dagkalbi and Jeyuk-bokkeum were rated from just right to too strong. Overall acceptance was inversely related to spiciness. Bulgogi and Dagkalbi were ranked significantly higher than Jeyuk-bokkeum with Bulgogi receiving a slightly higher score. Overall acceptance was higher for the Japchae than the Kimchi-bokkeum. Dubujorim was intermediate and not preferred or disliked more than either of the others. Consumers rated the flavor of the Japchae and the Dubujorim higher than the Kimchi-bokkeum, indicating that the flavor of the Kimchi-bokkeum was too strong. Almost half indicated both the Dubujorim and Kimchi-bokkeum were slightly or much too hot. The Japchae and the Dubujorim were ranked equally high and significantly higher than the Kimchi-bokkeum. We suggest that control of spiciness is a main factor to develop Korean dishes acceptable for quick-service Korean food restaurant franchising operations in the U.S.

Conflicts between Protected Franchise Territory and Unrestricted Delivery Trading Area

  • LEE, Soo-Duck
    • 한국프랜차이즈경영연구
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.45-60
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    • 2020
  • Propose: The expansion of the delivery market in franchise business is a positive means of advertising and promotion for franchisees and contributes to substantial sales growth for stores. However, unrestricted and uncontrolled delivery sales and business activity of franchisee directly lead to encroachment of business territory between franchisees, resulting in increased operating costs of franchisees and conflicts between franchisees over rights and interests on franchise business. Moreover, in relation to the restrictions on the opening of competitors, it is incapacitating the law intent of prohibiting unfair encroachment of business territory, in the issue of the Fair Franchise Act in regard to guarantee of exclusive sales and business activity rights of franchisee. This study aims to point out major problems arising out of franchisee's infinite competition on delivery sales and business activity that are not restricted or controlled and then suggest legal supplements, policy tasks, and practical implications for improvement on the issues. Literature Review: In franchising business transactions, vertical restraints are associated with the exclusive territory establishment, control of transaction area, restriction of intangible sales and business activity of franchisee. Therefore, in the franchise business, it is necessary to take positive interpretation and application on e-commerce, the area of e-commerce, and delivery trading area and find proper and practical ways, by virtue of constructive attitude of each actor, to reduce the encroachment of business territory and various conflicts caused by unrestricted delivery trading area. Conclusion and suggestion: The finding shows that unrestricted or uncontrolled delivery sales and business activity of franchisees cause encroachment of business territory and many conflicts among franchisees. And this matters also weaken the legislation of the law on the protection of the business territory and can be negative factors that disrupt the protection of identity and sound development of the franchise industry in the long run. Therefore, in the franchise business, it is necessary to take positive interpretation and application on e-commerce, the area of e-commerce, and delivery trading area and find proper and practical ways, by virtue of constructive attitude of each actor, to reduce the encroachment of business territory and various conflicts caused by unrestricted delivery trading area.

외식 프랜차이즈 브랜드 선정요인과 사업만족도, 성과 관계 연구 (An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Selection factors of Franchise brand and Franchisee's Business Satisfaction, Performance)

  • 양숙경;김선배
    • 벤처창업연구
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    • 제6권1호
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    • pp.39-58
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 프랜차이즈 가맹점을 운영하는 창업주를 대상으로 하여 프랜차이즈 브랜드선정요인인 브랜드인지도, 기술력, 창업자금, 본부의 사업성과 가맹점 사업만족도, 사업성과간의 관계를 알아보는 것이었다. 분석결과 브랜드 선정동기에 따라 사업개시 전 만족도에 유의한 차이를 보이는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 개시 전 만족도와 개시 후 만족도, 사업 만족도와 사업성과 간에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 이는 외식업 프랜차이즈산업의 사업성과를 위한 선행요인을 규명하고 각 단계별 중요 선행요인을 규명하였으며 브랜드 선정이후 사업개시전과 개시 후 만족도의 변화요인을 규명함으로서 외식 프랜차이즈 산업의 성과제고를 위한 중요 요인을 실증적으로 규명하였다고 하겠다.

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프랜차이즈 모기업 핵심역량 자원이 가맹점 관계결속과 재계약의도에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Core Competence and Resource Sharing on the Relational Bond among Franchisees and on Re-contract Intention in the Franchising Parent Companies)

  • 허영욱;주말찬
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제12권4호
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    • pp.11-22
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - The domestic franchise industry has made significant contributions to industry such as investment, employment, and community economy development, facilitating growth potential. The franchise industry provides management knowhow transfer between parent companies and franchisees as per contracts addressing use of business signs, franchisees' independent position, franchisor support, and royalties to be paid to the franchisors. However, many franchisors lack management knowhow and provide insufficient support because of poor control of franchisees and not having a systematic approach to support. This results in dissatisfied franchisees and failure to establish long-term relationships. Few studies have examined relational commitment and/or re-contract intention by support resources between franchisors and franchisees, despite a considerable output of theories and studies of the growth of the franchise industry. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to examine the effects of the ability to provide resources on relational commitments and re-contract intention, and to suggest causal relationships and implications. Research design, data, and methodology - The subject was domestic franchisors registered with the Association of Franchise with more than 50 franchisees. Franchisees under contract for 2 years and considering re-contract of their franchise 2 years later were used. The subjects totaled 300 franchisees in Seoul. A questionnaire survey was used to investigate the subject of franchisees' concessions during the 10 days from November 21, 2013 to November 30, 2013. After excluding 16 surveys with poor answers, 284 responses were finally used. Four areas and 44 questions were used. A nominal scale was used for four common characteristics questions including gender, ages, educational background, and franchise managing time. Questions regarding ability, relational commitment, and re-contract intention made use of a Likert 5-point scale. Data coding and data cleaning were used. SPSS 18.0 was used as follows. First, frequency analysis was done to investigate demographic characteristics. Second, exploratory factor analysis was done to verify validity of testing tools, and Cronbach's α coefficient was used to verify reliability. Third, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were done. An exploratory factor analysis was done to verify validity of concepts. A correlation analysis was done to test relationships between the variables, and multiple regression analysis was done to verify franchisor's ability, franchisees' relational commitment, and re-contract intention. Results - The following were the outcomes. First, store operation management, finance operation management, and human resource management affected the calculated bond. Second, store operation management and finance operation management affected the emotional bond. Third, store operation management, finance operation management, human resource management, and marketing management affected the prescriptive bond. Fourth, calculated bond and prescriptive bond had an effect on re-contract intention. Conclusions - As stated above, in franchise management, parent companies' offer and instruction of core competence to their franchisees as an information resource could improve the relational bond by helping them grow together through the resource sharing. Consequently, core competence factors were promoting factors that could improve franchisees' re-contract intention for a long time.