• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.411-422
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• 1993

Osseointegrated dental implants are now an accepted part of the prosthetic treatment of fully and partially edentulous patients. Clinical studies have shown that osseointegrated dental implants may successfully be used as abutments for prosthetic rehabilitations, and that the supporting tissue can be kept in a stable and healthy clinical state for prolonged periods of time. The purpose of this study was to look for differences in the distribution in the bacterial morphotypes around natural teeth and osseointegrated dental implants. The subgingival plaque around natural teeth and implants was analysed by means of differential phase-contrast microscopy. In addition, clinical indices used to analyse natural teeth condition were used to compare the condition of natural teeth and implants. The results were as follows : 1. In implants of partially edentulous patients, the plaque index, sulcus bleeding index(P<0.05), pocket depth(P<0.01) were greater than natural teeth. 2. Gingival crevicular fluid volume was not significantly different between natural teeth and implants. 3. In implants of fully edentulous patients, the plaque index was greater than natural teeth(P<0.01) and implants of partially edentulous patients(P<0.05), but sulcus bleeding index was not significantly different. 4. In partially edentulous patient, coccoid cell proportion was greater in implants than natural teeth (P<0.05). 5. In implants of fully edentulous patients, coccid cell proportion was even greater than implants of partially edentulous patients(P<0.05) and natural teeth(P<0.01). 6. Among three groups, the proportions of non-motile rods, motile rods, spirochetes and others were not significantly different. 7. The proportion of motile bacteria was not significantly different among three group.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.28-33
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• 2020

The aims of this study were to obtain the normal ranges of enhancement parameters for salivary gland in dynamic CT and to investigate the effects of fasting time on contrast enhancement in clinically normal beagle dogs. With five healthy beagle dogs, dynamic CT examination was performed according to fasting times (as fasting times, 12hours, 0 min, 20 min, 40 min, 1 hours, 6 hours, 24 hours). In normal beagles with 12hours fasting, enhancement parameters through the preliminary study were as follows: ImaxA - 472 .49 ± 19.01 HU; ImaxS - 138.95 ± 6.2 5 HU; TmaxA - 25.8 ± 1.79 sec; TmaxS - 69.0 ± 23.11 sec; Teq - 80.5 ± 6.61 sec; T-Aeq - 54.5 ± 5.51 sec (Imax - peak enhancement; Tmax - time to peak enhancement; Teq - time to equilibrium phase; T-Aeq - time between peak enhancement in the common carotid artery and onset of the equilibrium phase; A - common carotid; S - submandibular gland; HU - Hounsfield unit). Additionally, ImaxA and ImaxS were significantly increased in 40 min after eating. Because these results associated with postprandial hemodynamic changes can make the diagnosis of salivary gland diseases more difficult, sufficient fasting time is important for accurate diagnosis.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.2.1-2.10
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• 2021

Background: Diseases related to cerebrospinal fluid flow, such as hydrocephalus, syringomyelia, and Chiari malformation, are often found in small dogs. Although studies in human medicine have revealed a correlation with cerebrospinal fluid flow in these diseases by magnetic resonance imaging, there is little information and no standard data for normal dogs. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to obtain cerebrospinal fluid flow velocity data from the cerebral aqueduct and subarachnoid space at the foramen magnum in healthy beagle dogs. Methods: Six healthy beagle dogs were used in this experimental study. The dogs underwent phase-contrast and time-spatial labeling inversion pulse magnetic resonance imaging. Flow rate variations in the cerebrospinal fluid were observed using sagittal time-spatial labeling inversion pulse images. The pattern and velocity of cerebrospinal fluid flow were assessed using phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging within the subarachnoid space at the foramen magnum level and the cerebral aqueduct. Results: In the ventral aspect of the subarachnoid space and cerebral aqueduct, the cerebrospinal fluid was characterized by a bidirectional flow throughout the cardiac cycle. The mean ± SD peak velocities through the ventral and dorsal aspects of the subarachnoid space and the cerebral aqueduct were 1.39 ± 0.13, 0.32 ± 0.12, and 0.76 ± 0.43 cm/s, respectively. Conclusions: Noninvasive visualization of cerebrospinal fluid flow movement with magnetic resonance imaging was feasible, and a reference dataset of cerebrospinal fluid flow peak velocities was obtained through the cervical subarachnoid space and cerebral aqueduct in healthy dogs.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권12호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2018

이 연구는 Candida albicans에 대한 과일식초음료의 항진균 억제 기전에 관하여 알아보고자 하였다. 식초음료가 C. albicans의 성장, 유전자 억제와 형태 변화에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 위상차현미경, Real-Time PCR 등을 시행하여 평가하였다. C. albicans의 생장력 검사 결과 식초 음료 첨가시 모두 성장이 억제되는 결과를 보였다. 또한 ALS3, ECE1, HWP1, Sap5의 발현 수준을 측정한 결과 식초 음료를 첨가한 경우 유전자 발현이 모두 감소되었다. 위상차 현미경으로 검사한 결과, 식초 음료를 첨가한 그룹은 C. albicans의 현저한 양적 감소, 형태학적 변화 및 억제를 보였다. 이 연구 결과는 식초 음료에 항진균 활성을 나타내는 성분이 있으며 구강 건강을 위한 항진균제 개발의 기초 자료로 사용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.204-209
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• 2019

이 연구는 충청북도에 위치한 C 특수학교 고등부에 재학 중인 지적장애 학생을 대상으로 구강건강관리 프로그램을 개발하여 적용한 운영효과를 확인하기 위해 적용하였다. 구강건강관리 프로그램은 1주 간격으로 총3번 진행하였으며, 사전에 수집한 정보를 기반으로 교육자료를 개발하였다. 매 회차마다 구강보건교육과 자가 및 전문가치면세균막 관리를 시행하였으며, 프로그램의 효과를 알아보기 위하여 구강환경관리능력지수, 치아우식발생 위험도, 위상차현미경을 관찰 및 검사하였다. 구강건강관리 프로그램 전 후 PHP index는 $3.21{\pm}0.69$에서 $2.42{\pm}0.80$로 감소하였고, 치아우식발생 위험도는 13.78이 감소하였지만, 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 위상차현미경을 관찰한 결과 1회차에 비하여 3회차에서는 구균의 수가 감소하였고, 간균이 거의 보이지 않았다. 또한 구강미생물의 운동성도 현저히 감소함을 확인할 수 있었다. 반복 교육과 동기유발을 포함한 구강건강증진 프로그램은 지적장애 학생들의 구강환경관리 능력을 개선시키고 치아우식 발생 가능성을 낮출 수 있다.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.102-113
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• 2019

Objective: To assess the accuracy and potential bias of computed tomography (CT) ventricular volumetry using semiautomatic three-dimensional (3D) threshold-based segmentation in repaired tetralogy of Fallot, and to compare them to those of two-dimensional (2D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Materials and Methods: This retrospective study evaluated 32 patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot who had undergone both cardiac CT and MRI within 3 years. For ventricular volumetry, semiautomatic 3D threshold-based segmentation was used in CT, while a manual simplified contouring 2D method was used in MRI. The indexed ventricular volumes were compared between CT and MRI. The indexed ventricular stroke volumes were compared with the indexed arterial stroke volumes measured using phase-contrast MRI. The mean differences and degrees of agreement in the indexed ventricular and stroke volumes were evaluated using Bland-Altman analysis. Results: The indexed end-systolic (ES) volumes showed no significant difference between CT and MRI (p > 0.05), while the indexed end-diastolic (ED) volumes were significantly larger on CT than on MRI (93.6 ± 17.5 mL/m² vs. 87.3 ± 15.5 mL/m² for the left ventricle [p < 0.001] and 177.2 ± 39.5 mL/m² vs. 161.7 ± 33.1 mL/m² for the right ventricle [p < 0.001], respectively). The mean differences between CT and MRI were smaller for the indexed ES volumes (2.0-2.5 mL/m²) than for the indexed ED volumes (6.3-15.5 mL/m²). CT overestimated the stroke volumes by 14-16%. With phase-contrast MRI as a reference, CT (7.2-14.3 mL/m²) showed greater mean differences in the indexed stroke volumes than did MRI (0.8-3.3 mL/m²; p < 0.005). Conclusion: Compared to 2D MRI, CT ventricular volumetry using semiautomatic 3D threshold-based segmentation provides comparable ES volumes, but overestimates the ED and stroke volumes in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot.

• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.215-222
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 단일 비산란 그리드 및 다색광 x-선원을 이용하여 위상대조 x-선 영상을 용이하게 구현할 수 있는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 신기법의 개념 입증을 위해 집속형 선형 그리드(200 lines/inch 선 밀도), 마이크로 초점 x-선관(${\sim}5{\mu}m$ 초점크기), CMOS형 평판형 검출기($48{\mu}m$ 픽셀 크기)로 실험장치를 구성하였으며, 한 번의 x-선 촬영($90kV_p$, 0.1 mAs)으로 감약대조 x-선 영상과 향상된 가시성을 지진 산란 x-선 영상 및 차분 위상대조 x-선 영상을 Fourier변조복원 기법을 적용하여 성공적으로 분리 획득하였다. 더 나아가, 감약대조 x-선 영상과 산란 x-선 영상을 합성함으로써 일반 감약대조 x-선 영상에서는 명확하게 볼 수 없는 샘플의 미세 구조를 보다 선명하게 나타냄을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 단일 비산란 그리드 기반 위상대조 x-선 영상화 기법은 실험 구성 및 절차가 단순하고 새로운 대조도에 기반한 산란 및 위상대조 x-선 영상을 동시에 제공하기 때문에 차세대 x-선 영상화 신기법으로 다양한 응용분야에서 용이하게 적용될 수 있을 것으로 전망한다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.369-377
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to investigate the patterns of protein leaching to an external phase during an ethyl acetate-based, double emulsion microencapsulation process. An aqueous protein solution (lactoglobulin, lysozyme, or ribonuclease; $W_1$) was emulsified in ethyl acetate containing poly-d,l-lactide-co-glycolide 75:25. The $W_1/O$ emulsion was transferred to a 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol solution saturated with ethyl acetate $(W_2)$. After the double emulsion was stirred for 5, 15, 30, or 45 min, additional 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol $(W_3)$ was quickly added into the emulsion. This so-called quenching step helped convert emulsion microdroplets into microspheres. After 2-hr stirring, microspheres were collected and dried. The degree of protein leaching to $W_2$ and/or $W_3$ phase was monitored during the microencapsulation process. In a separate, comparative experiment, the profile of protein leaching to an external phase was investigated during the conventional methylene chloride-based microencapsulation process. When ethyl acetate was used as a dispersed solvent, proteins continued diffusing to the $W_2$ phase, as stirring went on. Therefore, the timing of ethyl acetate quenching played an important role in determining the degree of protein microencapsulation efficiency. For example, when quenching was peformed after 5-min stirring of the primary $W_1/O$ emulsion, the encapsulation efficiencies of lactoglobulin and ribonuclease were $55.1{\pm}4.2\;and\;45.3{\pm}7.6%$, respectively. In contrast, when quenching was carried out in 45 min, their respective encapsulation efficiencies were $39.6{\pm}3.2\;and\;29.9{\pm}11.2%$. By sharp contrast, different results were attained with the methylene-chloride based process: up to 2 hr-stirring of the primary and double emulsions, less than 5% of a protein appeared in $W_2$. Afterwards, it started to partition from $W_1\;to\;W_2/W_3$, and such a tendency was affected by the amount of PLGA75:25 used to make microspheres. Different solvent properties (e.g., water miscibility) and their effect on microsphere hardening were to be held answerable for such marked differences observed with the two microencapsulation processes.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2003

The Langmuir adsorption isotherms of the over-potentially deposited hydrogen (OPD H) fur the cathodic $H_2$ evolution reaction (HER) at the poly-Au and $Rh|0.5M\;H_2SO_4$ aqueous electrolyte interfaces have been studied using cyclic voltammetric and ac impedance techniques. The behavior of the phase shift $(0^{\circ}{\leq}{-\phi}{\leq}90^{\circ})$ for the optimum intermediate frequency corresponds well to that of the fractional surface coverage $(1{\geq}{\theta}{\geq}0)$ at the interfaces. The phase-shift profile $({-\phi}\;vs.\;E)$ for the optimum intermediate frequency, i.e., the phase-shift method, can be used as a new electrochemical method to determine the Langmuir adsorption isotherm $({\theta}\;vs.\;E)$ of the OPD H for the cathodic HER at the interfaces. At the poly-Au|0.5M $H_2SO_4$ aqueous electrolyte interface, the equilibrium constant (K) and the standard free energy $({\Delta}G_{ads})$ of the OPD H are $2.3\times10^{-6}$ and 32.2kJ/mol, respectively. At the poly-Rh|0.5M $H_2SO_4$ aqueous electrolyte interface, K and ${\Delta}G_{ads}$ of the OPD H are $4.1\times10^4\;or\;1.2\times10^{-2}$ and 19.3 or 11.0kJ/mol depending on E, respectively. In contrast to the poly-Au electrode interface, the two different Langmuir adsorption isotherms of the OPD H are observed at the poly-Rh electrode interface. The two different Langmuir adsorption isotherms of the OPD H correspond to the two different adsorption sites of the OPD H on the poly-Rh electrode surface.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.5059-5062
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• 2015

Background: ALL is an irredeemable disease due to the resistance to treatment. There are several influences which are involved in such resistance to chemotherapy, including oxidative stress as a result of the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and presence of hypodiploid cells. Cluster of differentiation 26 (CD26), also known as dipeptidyl peptidase-4, is a 110 kDa, multifunctional, membrane-bound glycoprotein. Aim and objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of serum CD26 in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia patients in the post remission induction phase, as well as the relationship between CD26 activity and the oxidative stress status. Materials and Methods: CD26, total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI), in addition to activity of related enzymes myeloperoxidase, glutathione-s-transferase and xanthine oxidase, were analysed in sixty children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the post remission induction phase. Results: The study showed significant elevation in CD26, TOS and OSI levels in patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the post remission induction phase in comparison to healthy control samples. In contrast, myeloperoxidase, glutathione-s-transferase and xanthine oxidase activities were decreased significantly. A significant correlation between CD26 concentration and some oxidative stress parameters was evident in ALL patients. Conclusions: Serum levels of CD26 appear to be useful as a new biomarker of oxidative stress in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in the post remission induction phase, and levels of antioxidants must be regularly estimated during the treatment of children with ALL.