• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.123-128
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• 2018

Recently, the use of contrast agents has been increasing as a broader range of tests and dynamic tests have become common due to the development of equipment and imaging techniques such as Multi-Detector CT. However, the side effects of using contrast agents have been reduced by the development of non-ionic contrast agents, but they are still occurring often. The purpose of this study was to propose a method to minimize the side effect of contrast agent by using the amount of contrast agent injected to the brain angiography test to suppress excessive use of contrast agent and analyze the amount of contrast agent. Patients who were prescribed Brain Angiography due to cerebrovascular disease, According to the results of the comparison of the results obtained by dividing into 4 groups of 10ml each according to the amount of contrast medium injected with contrast agent according to the BMI of the patient, BA and SNR were not different between groups, and even if the amount of contrast injection was reduced, there was no problem in the evaluation of CT angiography through 3D reconstruction. This result shows that even if the contrast medium is injected into the blood vessels of the patient first and then the contrast medium is used as the physiological saline solution, the contrast medium is reduced by 40% it can be expected to minimize.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-19
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• 2007

This study applies in case of operating an exam using by the contrast order or inputting an order of a contrast media the exam of Radiology Department. It is developed for helping decision making as regards a process of an exam from reading the creatinine value automatically linked with Laboratory Information System. It can be confirmed by real-time information; therefore, the creditability of the information is able to be improved. We will create the base for Patient Monitoring System with the data from the side effect of the creatinine value and allergies. Decision Support System minimize the inconvenience and the riskiness of the given contrast medium for CT tests. We would like to improve medical services by providing a standard circumstance where patients are able to run tests safely and comfortably.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.427-431
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to monitor the current adverse reactions in administering CT contrast agents at general hospitals and also to suggest the practical guidelines to minimize the risk and to show the successful patient management. At four Dajeon city general hospitals, the contrast agents were administered in 646,828 cases and the overall prevalence of adverse reactions was 4,110 cases from January 2010 to December 2013. However, we excluded the two hospitals' 3,658 cases because the patients' data was inadequate. Consequently, the case surveys on the rest of 452 cases have been studied and submitted. After comparing the patients with a control group, we evaluated that the key factors of the adverse reactions were the gender and age difference of the patients, the examination period, the examination method, the quantity and administrating speed of the contrast agents. Even though the four general hospitals have their own management systems on adverse reactions, but their systems were not satisfying. To improve the quality of the management systems and to investigate further cases, some hospital administration procedures on the subject should be systemized and general hospitals should follow the recommended procedures. Moreover, the existing three-year-term evaluation should not only judge the adverse reaction management but also conclude some details on the sub criteria of the evaluation. The details on the sub criteria include the contrast agent characters, the quantity and administrating speed of the drug, the incidents' occurred time, an anamnesis; a case history, the medical history of the patients and the reaction occurring body parts, and the examination title. The details of the medical examiners are also added to the sub criteria.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.13-17
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• 2001

When most patients are diagnosed with the quiet progressed hepatoma which often would make the operation impossible, the Interventional Radiology hepatic artery embolization is an extremely useful method for such patients. An existence of the malfunction is evaluated by gaining a portal vein image as a delayed phase image after injecting a contrast media into the superior mesenteric artery. However, it is difficult to make a definite judgement due to the extended exposure time with the peristalsis and the intestine gas obstructing the sharpness of the image when the Patient exposure time increases and due to the increased usage of contrast media and its side effect. The portal vein can be evaluated by obtaining the MIP image after reconstructing a 3-dimensional personal computer setting using the 2-dimensional from an enhancement abdomen CT image that is almost a requisite in operation to a hepatoma patient. Such method nay prevent a decrease in the quality of image based upon the time delay and intestine gas; also, because the patient exposure dose and contrast media usage may be reduced, it is a new, valuable way to decide the operational matter of hepatic artery embolization on a pre-angiography.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2016

This study aims to improve the satisfaction level of the patient who undergoes CT contrast examination by developing and applying pretreatment process system, which not only can reduce the side effects caused by the test but also can help carry out the test smoothly. The subjects were 214 patients who booked CT contrast examination from January 2014 to February 2014 but could not carry out their test on schedule. We analyzed the reasons for the delay and conducted follow-up survey on them. We analyzed the usefulness of pretreatment process system by contemplating and developing pretreatment process system and applying it to the patients for whom follow-up survey was conducted from January 2015 to February 2015. The number of outpatients who came to the hospital form January to February 2014 was 2,846 and the number of patients who could not undergo the test was 214, accounting for 7.52% of the total. The specific reason for the delay includes 214 cases of unknown creatinine 98 with 120 minutes of average delay time, 40 cases of creatinine over 1.3(19%) with 30minutes of average delay time, 34 cases of past contrast media side effect 6% with 40 minutes of average delay time and 25 cases of lack of pretreatment such as fasting, etc. 11% with 120minutes of average delay time. The number of CT scan has been increasing ever since the development of CT and the frequency of using the contrast media is expected to increase. If we can employ pretreatment process system in order to effectively control the side effect of contrast media and help the CT contrast examination to be smoothly conducted on schedule, I'm sure we could improve the quality of our medical service and increase our patients' satisfaction who come to our CT scan room.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.445-450
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• 2019

This study proves that syringe reuse of automated injection system entails a risk of contrast media reflux and saline solution contamination which are pumped by a piston into the patients' venous cannula in the dynamic MR images, we will be aware of the serious problem. To quantify the contrast media contamination effect on the saline solution, identical volume of the saline solution was collected before and after the contrast injection to the patients' venous cannula following T1 weighted image scanning to verify whether signal intensities differences are observed. The signal intensity of saline solution after the contrast injection was significantly higher than that of saline before injection by 523.43%. This result is due to the backflow that contaminates the saline solution on the opposite side when the contrast agent is injected. In conclusion, the syringe used to inject contrast medium. causes cross-contamination due to contrast reflux. Therefore, even if the same patient's examination is used for quantitative analysis, the error should be avoided by changing the acquisition sequence or replacing the syringe.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2012

In this experiment, we investigated 82 patients who suffered adverse reactions due to contrast medium. We selected the subjects out of 21,178 people who had an intravenous injection of contrast medium to undergo MDCT examination at one university hospital in Busan in 2007. As a result, the largest groups of the patients were as follows. 52.4% of the patients were male when classify by gender; 28.0% of the patients were 50's by age; 45% of the patients got when it was spring(April and March); 75.6% of the patients had a side effects when the speed of injection is 2.5mL/sec; 58.5% of the patients were suffered when the volume of injected contrast medium is over 130mL. Urticaria was the main symptom of side effect as 26.8%. And the main treatment for the effect was alleviating the symptoms before making patients to return home. Thus, practical preventive measures are needed as follows : use the OCS system to observe warning signs at risky patients, secure warming spaces for patients to cope with season changing, prepare enough emergency kits for the patients in danger, and establish CPR call systems, explain the risk of contrast medium and get agree about using contrast medium.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.253-259
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• 2015

The information of contrast media concentration on target organ is very important to get reduce the side effect and high contrast imaging. We investigated alternation of signal intensity as a function of the modality of Gd-based contrast media on spin echo and ultra short time echo (UTE) of T1 effective pulse sequence at 3T MRI unit. Gadoxetic acid, which is a MRI T1 contrast medium, was used to manufacture an agarose phantom diluted in various molarities, and sterile water and agarose 2% were used as the buffer solution for the dilution. The gold standard T1 calculation was based on coronal single section imaging of the phantom mid-point with 2D Inversion recovery spine-echo pulse sequence MR imaging for testing of phantom accuracy. The 1-2mmol/L and 7mmol/L was shown the maximum signal intensity on spin echo and UTE respectively. We confirm the difference of contrast media concentration which was shown the maximum signal intensity depending on the T1 effective pulse sequence.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.608-617
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• 2017

Methods of contrast enhancement have problem such as side effect of over-enhancement with non-gaussian histogram distribution, tradeoff enhancement efficiency against brightness preserving. In order to enhance contrast at various histogram distribution, segmentation to region with gaussian distribution and then enhance contrast each region. First, we segment an image into several regions using GMM(Gaussian Mixture Model)fitting by that k-mean clustering and EM(Expectation-Maximization) in $L^*a^*b^*$ color space. As a result region segmentation, we get the region map and probability map. Then we apply local contrast enhancement algorithm that mean shift to minimum overlapping of each region and preserve brightness histogram equalization. Experiment result show that proposed region based contrast enhancement method compare to the conventional method as AMBE(AbsoluteMean Brightness Error) and AE(Average Entropy), brightness is maintained and represented detail information.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

It is to improve customer satisfaction measurement and CT Scan process without delay of examination time when is using Scan positioning time(Planning time) that time is happened always between research reactor CT examination to increase fear and examination satisfaction by the customer's comprehension tribe which get the latest contrast enhancement CT examination. Needs and interests that customer wants to compose visual and auditory Contents to be played to Scan positioning time did questionnaire about curiosity later before CT examination to 600 people for October - November 2 months of 2006 to customer whole that get CT examination on source. Data getting through questionnaire investigated examination comprehension and satisfaction through questionnaire after experiment Scan Positioning to 500 coming to help customers to be source CT examination for 3 months February December - 2007 year in 2006 manufacturing Voice and Visual announce media for reference. To customer who interest degree appeared, and answers preparatory audit from preparatory audit about curiosity of CT examination customer to order of examination time required(43%), contrast media side effect(26%), examination region(20%), breath(10%), etc..(1.5%) audio-visual materials in questionnaire that attain after do reclamation among examination age, sex, reception type of irrelatively in 91% of target increase of hailing degree and examination satisfaction appear. Searched that customer hailing and satisfaction are increased greatly when use of audio-visual materials in satisfaction result that use CT Positioning delay time. In experiment process, It took lacking part by method that use hearing in case of do not use sight as is unavoidable in subject position or old age. Through this, audio-visual materials could analogize that it is more useful method that use sight and hearing at the same time.