• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.5477-5485
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• 2011

This study comparatively analyzed the instrumentation and the voicing structure, which were shown in the film music titled "Star Wars-Main Title" by John Williams(1932~), with analytical technique that the writer mapped out, and aimed to discover the progression principle in orchestration based on the results. Also, it applied a functional part-division method that was classified and distributed into 3 functional parts according to auditory cognitive level as for each of functional elements such as the musical element. And, it made it pattern for the vertical structure and the voicing structure in musical instruments, which were distributed to each functional part based on this, and comparatively analyzed the standard point in a change which were shown according to progression of music, namely, the operating technique. As for the results of this study, first, each theme has specific instrumentation pattern. Unity was emphasized by consistently organizing those things in exposition, reprise, and recapitulation of each theme. To reinforce diversity, an attempt was made such as adding and reducing auxiliary instruments in the middle part and the rear part. Second, even in a change of instrumentation pattern by passage in accordance with a change in theme amid each part, the same instrumental group was organized in the middle part, thereby having maintained unity. Third, to strengthen diversity by clause, which is forming each theme, a continuous change in voicing pattern was created by adding or omitting a part. Fourth, the voicing concentration was maintained the structure of "thinness-thickness" in the whole musical piece. However, in part 2 that is repeated theme 3, diversity was pursued with a unique change of "thickness-thickness." Fifth, in part 4 that is indicated theme 4, the other diversity was intensified with the inverted range in the front part and the middle part. Accordingly, based on the conclusions that were indicated in this work, it is desired to be conducive to understanding the horizontal consideration and the progression principle of orchestration.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.283-291
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• 2018

Objectives: To monitor the radon concentration level in plants that handle phosphorus rock and produce gypsum board and cement, and evaluate the effective dose considering the effect of radon exposure on the human body. Methods: Airborne radon concentrations were measured using alpha-track radon detectors (${\alpha}$-track, Rn-tech Co., Korea) and continuous monitors (Radon Sentinel 1030, Sun Nuclear Co., USA). Radon concentrations in the air were converted to radon doses using the following equation to evaluate the human effects due to radon. H (mSv/yr) = Radon gas concentration x Equilibrium factor x Occupancy factor x Dose conversion factor. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) used $8nSv/(Bq{\cdot}hr/m^3)$ as the dose conversion factor in 2010, but raised it by a factor of four to $33nSv/(Bq{\cdot}hr/m^3)$ in 2017. Results: Radon concentrations and effective doses in fertilizer manufacturing process averaged $14.3(2.7)Bq/m^3$ ($2.0-551.3Bq/m^3$), 0.11-0.54 m㏜/yr depending on the advisory authority and recommendation year, respectively. Radon concentrations in the gypsum-board manufacturing process averaged $14.9Bq/m^3$ at material storage, $11.4Bq/m^3$ at burnability, $8.1Bq/m^3$ at mixing, $10.0Bq/m^3$ at forming, $8.9Bq/m^3$ at drying, $14.7Bq/m^3$ at cutting, and $10.5Bq/m^3$ at shipment. It was low because it did not use phosphate gypsum. Radon concentrations and effective doses in the cement manufacturing process were $23.2Bq/m^3$ in the stowage area, $20.2Bq/m^3$ in the hopper, $16.8Bq/m^3$ in the feeder and $11.9Bq/m^3$ in the cement mill, marking 0.12-0.63 m㏜/yr, respectively. Conclusions: Workers handling phosphorous gypsum directly or indirectly can be assessed as exposed to an annual average radon dose of 0.16 to 2.04 mSv or 0.010 to 0.102 WLM (Working Level Month).

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.453-477
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• 2013

The intent of this study is to fully investigate the major issues and challenges related to characteristics of gifted children from multicultural families in Korea. The gifted students of multicultural families are currently categorized as disadvantaged gifted students, but they need to be defined more deeply and separately due to the continuous increase of multicultural families. Most culturally different gifted children have common problem such as integrating into Korean culture, often suffering from emotional problems and their parents' economic disadvantage. Due to these problems a variety of issues arise. First, culturally diverse talented students have problems due to the alienation and the lack of equal opportunity given to gifted children of multicultural families in need. Secondly, another issue is whether or not the selection of these students for a gifted and talented program is administered equally and fairly. Thirdly students and teachers may have difficulty forming relationships. Fourth, there is a dire need to address the issue of a lack of formal education policy. for these students. Fifth, the formulation of a gifted and talented program solely for multicultural students is necessary. Sixth, educating the parents of such students remains a critical challenge. Seventh, the last issue arises from a lack of research regarding the identity of multicultural gifted children in Korea. In this study, we discuss each of these issues in-depth. Additionally the future of Korean Multicultural Gifted selection, training in the field, school direction and it's implications are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.478-485
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• 2014

This study is to form the self assembly of cubic crystalline phase to penetrate into the skin epidermis. The various performance synthesized diglyceryl phytylacetate (DGPA) having hydroxyl group (-OH) and 4 methyl chains with phytyl group was carried out as an amphoteric lipid such as emulsifying power, self assembly. Emulsifying activity of DGPA was very stabilized on only 1% of small content, it could make a W/O emulsion containing high internal phase incorporated with water. Cubic liquid crystal structure with DGPA on three-phase diagram was formed, when mixed DGPA, dimethicone (2CS), and water. Through three-phase diagram forming the cubic liquid crystal area, hexagonal structure zone, and mixing water phase and hexagonal structure area, reversed micelle area were respectively certified. Its structure was proved by the SAXS (small angled x-ray scattering) analysis. As an application, formation of cubosome containing 10% of magnesium ascorbylphosphate and 5% of pyridoxine tris-hexyldecanoate was encapsulated. Occlusive effect of cubosome had above 1.7 times better than reversed micelle. From using poloxamer of dispersing agent, phase structure recovered from W/O emulsion to cubic liquid crystal phase when storage in $33^{\circ}C$ incubator. Therefore, our this study is expected to be as epidermal-dermal skin absorbers in skin care cosmetics and pharmaceuticals industries as raw materials to form a cubic crystal phase through a more in-depth research to DGPA having amphoteric lipid property.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.195-213
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to verify the effect by developing and applying a new program for improvement of creative problem solving ability and collaborative ability. Development of a sewing practice program was performed through the ADDIE model. The subjects of the study were 1^st grade middle school students and the research plan of the study was pretest-posttest control group design. The study method was performed by mixing the quantitative and qualitative analysis methods. Results of this study are as follows. First, the students in the experimental group showed higher creative problem solving ability than the students in the control group, but the difference was not significant at the 5% significance level. Qualitative analysis results indicated that creative problem solving ability is closely related to learning experiences involving the 'generation of diverse ideas', 'rebirth of creative ideas', 'self-directed learning plan', 'active problem solving', 'immediate feedback'. Second, the students in the experimental group showed a significantly higher level of collaborative ability than the students in the control group. This demonstrated that the program developed in this study had an effect on fostering the collaborative ability of middle school students. It was found that collaborative ability is closely related to learning experiences involving 'forming a positive atmosphere', 'continuous interaction', and 'working together'.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.25
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• pp.333-354
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• 2009

Zhuangzi contends that one of the reasons to cause life difficulties is mistaking the truth of cosmos and the existence meaning of human. There is no difference of value between the existence of human and universal creatures. However, "human mind" can not being peaceful because of " ChengXin(成心)" causes the difference of right and wrong. Zhuangzi contends the ideal world is "ZhiDe zhi World(至德之世)" of unmoved mind. Because of the value of "RenYiDaoDe(仁義道德)" in politics, the status of ideal existence of human and creatures is destroyed, i.e., disturbing the status of peaceful mind. This is also a reason of life difficulties. Zhuangzi contends the reasonable relationship of human and creatures is to recognize creatures as creatures, and therefore, there is no difference of value between creatures. Additionally, one shall understand the concept of "universal creatures are the same(萬物?一)" is based on the fact of continuous change of universal creatures. The socalled concept of "universal creatures are the same(萬物?一)" in Zhuangzi's thought is based on three dimensions: one is the materials of forming universal creatures; one is the same meaning of "Hisn" between human and creatures, and universal creatures are continuously changing. Therefore, one shall get a clear understanding of the nature of things, and one may treat the universal creatures in the concept of "universal creatures are the same(萬物?一)".

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.71-87
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• 2018

As part of further study on Gwangseungri coastal deposits which occurred at 10 ~ 15m above sea level and was analyzed as palaeo-coastal flood-type sediments, six burial ages of six additional samples from the two cross sections (KST1 and, KST2) near to the points of the past study were estimated and the geochemical analysis was performed. Further investigation on the cross section KST1 revealed a reversal of the burial age at the bottom of the section which was identified as palaeo-flooding sediments and supposed to have been buried about 350 years ago. At the lower part of the KST1, the burial age of the sediment layer was estimated to be 3,800 years. The lower part of KST2 sediments was identified as sediments that was formed about 6,600 years ago and about 20,000 years ago. Considering the inclination of the sediment layers, the coastal flooding sedimentsreported to have formed 700 years ago in the previousstudy are located at the top and the KST1 section analyzed in thisstudy seemed to be connected to the lower part. The chemical analysis showed that the relationship between these layers was not continuous but had a discontinuous characteristic influenced by a specific event, and the chemical composition also showed a rapid change. If we judge these together, the lowest part of Gwangseungrisediment layerseemed to have formed during the last glacial period but it was hard to find its origins clearly. On top of this layer, a fine sediment layer containing gravels was also formed.Itseemed thatsedimentation did not occur continuously, but was affected by temporary events in such a way that after a sediment layer was formed, it stopped. Since then, a coastal flooding event occurred about 700 years ago, and part of flooded sediments accumulated in the rear slope. After that, when a flood layer including additional granular materials about 350 years ago was formed, sedimentation along the slope seemed to have occurred.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.261-268
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• 2021

After developing literacy education programs using coaching techniques, applying them to literacy learners, in order to see how they have an impact on improving learning achievement, we selected 13 senior literacy learners in U city and chose qualitative research method based on in-depth interviews, observation journals, and learning materials. Literature education programs using coaching techniques are a process-oriented model consisting of four stages of mind-opening, introducing positivity, strengthening learning competence and assistance, confidence and persistence. You can find the results as following. Firstly, communication between teachers and learners was expanded in the first stage, and secondly, self-directed learning ability was strengthened in the second stage by forming a positive mind. Thirdly, the results of utilizing the three-stage balanced literacy teaching method and interaction teaching method resulted in confidence in reading and writing, leading to an increase in self-efficacy. Fourthly, the fourth stage showed the results of improving learning achievement, which overcame the fear of learning with active praise and continuous encouragement and implied hope for higher courses. As a result of the above-mentioned research, I think literacy education programs using coaching techniques can be useful as an educational method for learners in the field of literacy education.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.395-409
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• 2022

To overcome the limitation of conventional rock excavation methods, the excavation with abrasive waterjet has been actively developed. The abrasive waterjet excavation method has the effect of reducing blasting vibration and enhancing the excavation efficiency by forming a continuous free surface on the rock. However, the waterjet cutting performance varies with rock fracturing characteristics. Thus, it is necessary to analyze the cutting performance for various rocks in order to effectively utilize the waterjet excavation. In this study, cutting experiments with the high pressure waterjet system were performed for basalt and granite specimens. Water pressure, standoff distance, and traverse speed were determined as effective parameters for the abrasive waterjet cutting. The cutting depth and width of basalt specimens were analyzed to compare with granite results. The averaged cutting depth of basalt was shown in 41% deeper than granite; in addition, the averaged cutting width of basalt was formed by 18.5% narrower than granite. The results of this study are expected to be useful basic data for applying rock excavation site with low strength and high porosity such as basalt.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.23-38
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• 2022

Purpose - This research intends to find out whether R&D cost stickiness shows differentiated aspects depending on exports in Korea. A cost behavior that indicates a lower rate of costs decrease when sales decrease than the rate of costs increase when sales increase is called cost stickiness. This sticky cost behavior is caused by considering the adjusting costs. This study aims to empirically verify that R&D cost stickiness is greater in export firms than in non-export firms. We also investigate the effect of exports on R&D cost stickiness is nonlinear. Design/methodology - We obtain data for the analysis from Kis-Value and TS2000 from 2012 to 2020. This study tests for R&D cost stickiness of exports using the cost stickiness model developed by Anderson et al. (2003) that is used in a lot of prior literature. To explore the nonlinear behavior of R&D cost stickiness we include a quadratic term of exports in our model. Findings - The results of our analysis are as follows. First, we observed that R&D costs of export firms are more sticky than that of non-export firms. Our result indicated that export firms are less likely to reduce R&D costs in decreasing sales periods in preparation for future sales recovery. Second, our empirical evidence shows that export firms view R&D costs much favorably. However, we hypothesize that the effect of export intensity on R&D costs may not necessarily be linear. Our result shows the effect of exports intensity on R&D stickiness is thus nonlinear, forming a reverse U-shaped curve. When export intensity exceeds a certain threshold, the growth rate of R&D costs appears to be viewed negatively. Firms with relatively high export intensity do not support R&D costs, viewing them as taking away firms' resources from other more productive costs. On the contrary, those with export intensity under the threshold view R&D costs as beneficial and therefore promote further R&D costs when revenue decreases. Originality/value - The results of this research can contribute academically to the expansion of empirical research on R&D cost stickiness. R&D cost stickiness varies by industry. As a result of our research, the managers of export firms recognize the importance of R&D to lead innovation. We expected that this research contributes to further studies on R&D costs and cost stickiness. Second, this research has implications from a business perspectives. Our findings of export firms' R&D stickiness suggest that export firms' managers should consider keeping the stickiness of R&D when revenue decreases because it is essential for exporting firms to maintain their R&D stickiness to secure long-term competitiveness. R&D stickiness can be used on a practical basis to emphasize the need for continuous investment in exporting firms' R&D activities.