• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.9
• /
• pp.1184-1191
• /
• 2011

We attempted to generate a linkage map using Illumina Porcine 60K SNP Beadchip genotypes of the $F_2$ offspring from Korean native pig (KNP) crossed with Yorkshire (YS) pig, and to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) using the line-cross model. Among the genotype information of the 62,136 SNPs obtained from the high-density SNP analysis, 45,308 SNPs were used to select informative markers with allelic frequencies >0.7 between the KNP (n = 16) and YS (n = 8) F0 animals. Of the selected SNP markers, a final set of 500 SNPs with polymorphic information contents (PIC) values of >0.300 in the $F_2$ groups (n = 252) was used for detection of thirty meat quality-related QTL on chromosomes at the 5% significance level and 10 QTL at the 1% significance level. The QTL for crude protein were detected on SSC2, SSC3, SSC6, SSC9 and SSC12; for intramuscular fat and marbling on SSC2, SSC8, SSC12, SSC14 and SSC18; meat color measurements on SSC1, SSC3, SSC4, SSC5, SSC6, SSC10, SSC11, SSC12, SSC16 and SSC18; water content related measurements in pork were detected on SSC4, SSC6, SSC7, SSC10, SSC12 and SSC14. Additional QTL of pork quality traits such as texture, tenderness and pH were detected on SSC6, SSC12, SSC13 and SSC16. The most important chromosomal region of superior pork quality in KNP compared to YS was identified on SSC12. Our results demonstrated that a QTL linkage map of the $F_2$ design in the pig breed can be generated with a selected data set of high density SNP genotypes. The QTL regions detected in this study will provide useful information for identifying genetic factors related to better pork quality in KNP.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.9
• /
• pp.1233-1242
• /
• 2011

The in vivo digestibility of mulberry leaves (Morus alba) and the effects of the partial replacement of cotton seed with fresh mulberry leaf in rations on the performance of growing Vietnamese cattle was investigated. For the in vivo digestibility trial, twenty castrated rams of Phanrang breed (a local prolific breed) with an initial weight of 23-25 kg, were first assigned to four groups according to weight and then randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments to determine digestibility of nutrients in mulberry leaves (M. alba), natural Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon), elephant grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and buffalo grass (Panicum maximum cv. TD 58). All forages were cut and chopped daily before being offered (at 120% maintenance) to the sheep. In the feeding trial, 20 Laisind (Vietnam yellow cows${\times}$Red Sindhy bulls) crossbred bulls averaged 18 month old and 184 kg were used to investigate the effect of partial replacement of cottonseed in the diet by mulberry leaves on live weight gain and feed conversion rate. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four levels of fresh mulberry leaves which varied from 0 to 15% of total dietary dry mater and five animals per treatment over an 84 day period. The in vivo digestion trial showed the superior quality of mulberry leaves compared with the grasses. Chemical analysis indicated that mulberry leaves had the highest CP and the lowest NDF contents (22.3 and 31.1% DM, respectively) among the four forages tested. Digestibility of DM and OM of the mulberry leaf (66.4 and 71.8%, respectively) was also the highest but that of CP (58.2%) and NDF (58.4%) was the lowest of the four forages evaluated (p<0.05). Consequently, the ME value and therefore net energy (NE) and unit feed for lactation (UFL) values of the mulberry leaves, which was estimated from chemical composition and digestibility values, were the highest among the forages investigated in the present study. Results of the feeding trial showed no treatment effect on average daily gain (ADG) of the cattle. The values were 554, 583, 565 and 568 g/d for animals in the diets of 0, 5, 10, and 15% mulberry leaves inclusion, respectively. Total DM intake of the animal was not affected by the treatment when expressed as kg/animal/d. However, when adjusted for metabolic weight of the animal the DM intake was reduced (p<0.05) as whole cottonseed was replaced by mulberry leaves in the ration. When the level of mulberry leaves in the ration increased from 5 to 15% of dietary DM at the expense of whole cottonseed, CP and ME intakes of the cattle were significantly decreased (p<0.05) and the feed to gain ratio reduced by 8 to 14% as compared with the control diet (p<0.05). Mulberry leaf is a good feed ingredient for ruminants because of its high level of crude protein and high digestibility of nutrients and energy. Mulberry leaves can be efficiently used as a source of protein supplement to replace cottonseed, a more expensive animal feeds ingredient, in the diet for Vietnamese cattle.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.1-7
• /
• 2015

This study is a case study of the research study and education with high school students of natural sciences. Recent development of the Internet of Things (IoT) based on the subject of various studies exist. This study is one of the most portable communication devices of these infancy, yet students were easy to define the molding process of contacting a pager that can go along way in making research topics. We called a pager. Today, it is given a large and complex smart mobile communication devices that can be used for big data. Prior pagers are taught the meaning of the first mobile communication means in our lives were given device. The internal structure is relatively simple and is thought to function relatively simple, just suitable as a teaching practices of high school students with an interest in science and engineering universities. This study can see all of the mechanical, electronic information contents of the radio pager in a relatively simple analysis of the injection molding ONE CAVITY analysis. Furthermore, the students also rated good educational practices that give meaning to remind the convergence training on mass production and process automation.

• 대한공업교육학회지
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.106-119
• /
• 2005

Many problems with the offline class, which is the traditional education type in corporations or universities, were indicated and people hoped that e-learning, which is web-based instruction, would solve these problems. However, e-learning also has weak points in that it should be self-paced and media-based in many ways. Therefore, when considering the good and weak points of offline classes and e-learning, blended learning seems to be necessary. Until now, blended learning has usually been used in corporations, and there have been almost no studies on the effectiveness or management of blended learning in universities. Thus, in this study, I would like to design blended classes, manage them at the level of university classes, and verify the effectiveness of blended classes, by comparing academic achievement, student participation, and student satisfaction. The subject students who signed up for Computer & Technology at C University in 2005 were divided into three study groups: offline class, online class, and blended class. The offline class was taught using the traditional class teaching method. For the online class and the blended class, multimedia contents were developed and a different LMS was used. The results of 13 weeks of teaching are as follows. For the academic achievement in the offline, online and blended classes, there was no statistically significant difference (f=2.387, p=.096). But when comparing the average achievement, the average of the blended class was higher than that of the other classes, so that it can be said that the blended class has positive effects on academic achievement. Second, when comparing the learners' participation in the online class and the blended class, the total posts were 85 and 138 respectively, which shows a considerable difference. The hit counts for each post in the online class and the blended class are 10 and 20, respectively. Moreover, the login counts for subjects are 3 in the online class and 4 in the blended class. In the questionnaire for the students' academic satisfaction in the online class and the blended class, all of the 15 items showed higher satisfaction in the blended class. Considering all these results, if adequate media are properly combined, the blended class is better than either the pure online class or the pure offline class.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.179-188
• /
• 1995

In Experiment 1, microbial assays were conducted on 57 feed ingredient samples to determine the content of total folic acid using Lactobacillus casei(ATCC 7469). Folic acid contents of feed samples pretreated with conjugase, ${\alpha}$-amylase, and a mixture of protease(Pronase)were corn, 09${\pm}$1.18($\pi$g${\pm}$SD); fish meal, 23.05${\pm}$1.27; milo, 29.34${\pm}$0.55; bakery meal, 25.80${\pm}$6.93; meat and bone meal, 56.76${\pm}$4.97; wheat middlings, 85.14${\pm}$2.56; and soybean meal, 193.97${\pm}$3.98. Experiments 2 and 3 were conducted to determine the effects of dietary supplemental folic acid and methionine on the performance of starting broiler chicks for 18 days. Four levels of dietary folic acid(0.24. 0.54,1.14 and 2.34mg/kg) and four levels of dietary methionine(0.45, 0.53,0.61, and 0.69%) were fed in a factorial design. The basal diet was based on corn, isolated soybean protein, meat and bone meal, and fish meal. It contained adequate amounts of all nutrients except methionine and folic acid in both experiments. Increased growth rate was observed in chicks fed the basal diet supplemented with either folic acid or methionine. Total dietary folic acid and methionine plus cysteine requirements for optimum growth were estimated to be 1.80 mg/kg and 0.89% in Experiment 2, and 1.47 mg/kg and 0.91% in Experiment 3, respectively. There were interactions between dietary folic acid and methionine on weight gain in both experiments. Chicks fed diets containing 2.34 mg folic acid /kg tended to display slow growth rate in both experiments. There was a significant linear feed conversion response to folic acid in Experiment 2, and a significant quadratic feed conversion resuonse to methionine in Experiment 3. There were both linear and quadratic liver folic acid responses to dietary folic acid in both experiments. There was no indication that dietary methionine had any effect on liver folic acid content. The incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia increased with increasing supplemental methionine, but were no significant differences detected at 5% level.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.266-276
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study was to implement and evaluate the nutrition education program for elementary school children Subjects were 5th graders (n = 142) of an elementary school in Seoul, and 138 children completed four sessions of nutrition education during March-April, 2008. One group pretest-posttest design was used to evaluate the program effectiveness. Anthropometric measurements and measurements on nutrition knowledge, eating attitudes and eating behavior were done before and after education. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, t-test and ${\chi}^2-test$. After completing nutrition education, body mass index (from 19.3 to 18.9), fat mass (from 10.9 kg to 10.1 kg), percent body fat (from 25% to 23.3%) of subjects decreased significantly (p < 0.001). Percentages of overweight or obese children were 24.6% at pretest and decreased to 20.3% at posttest, although it did not reach statistical significance. Total score of nutrition knowledge increased significantly from 11.9 (59.5/100) at pretest to 14.7 (73.5/100) at posttest (p < 0.001). After nutrition education, percentages of correct answers increased significantly in 10 knowledge items out of 20 items. These included items such as desirable weight control, energy requirements for boys, food groups, snack, and function of fat and balanced meals (p < 0.001). Total score of eating attitudes increased significantly from 35.1 to 36.9 (p < 0.001). Attitude of applying nutrition knowledge to daily life (p < 0.001), interest toward nutrition and health (p < 0.001), attitude of moderating food intake (p < 0.01), and attitude toward eating habit and future health (p < 0.05) were significantly different between pretest and posttest. Total score of eating behaviors increased significantly from 46.7 (possible score: 20-60) to 49.5 by nutrition education (p < 0.001). Improvement in eight eating behaviors were noticed after nutrition education. These included eating meals slowly, eat protein foods (p < 0.001), eating breakfast, eating meals regularly, eating meals with diverse foods, having dairy foods, eating foods using plant oils (p < 0.01), and having grains (p < 0.05). Subjects evaluated quite positively in attractiveness of program, understanding of program contents, helpfulness of program in improving nutrition knowledge and meal management. Study results show that the nutrition education program was effective in improving nutrition knowledge, eating attitudes and changing eating behaviors of children. This program can be used in nutrition education of children at school or at public health centers.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.447-453
• /
• 1986

Germination and seedling elongation of soybeans [cult. ‘Williams’] were measured at two temperatures (15 and 3$0^{\circ}C$), three seed water contents (30, 50, and 70%), and with and without polyethylene glycol-8000 (PEG) treatments. A split-plot design was used with four replications. Observations were made from two hours to eight days for each treatment combination. Seeds were soaked with 30% PEG solution with 0.2% thiram at 15 C for six days, rinsed with deionized water and dried at 25.5$^{\circ}C$ for three days. Ten treated or untreated seeds were placed on Whatman No. I (9 cm) filter paper in plastic petridishes to which sufficient deionized water was added to adjust seed moisture content to the desired level. The dishes were then sealed with parafilm and placed in a continuous programmed temperature chamber under dark condition. Seedling growth did not occur at either temperature when moisture content was 50 percent or less. Osmo-conditioning with PEG showed positive effects on seedling moisture uptake and seedling growth at 15$^{\circ}C$ but little effect at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Seedling moisture content increased rapidly early in the germination period and reached 60% at 15 C for 56 hours and at 3$0^{\circ}C$ for 28 hours. Seedling growth started when seed moisture reached a critical point of 60% at 15$^{\circ}C$, however, growth started after 20 hours of germination at 3$0^{\circ}C$. Seedlings of soybeans elongated more than four times faster at 3$0^{\circ}C$ than at 15$^{\circ}C$. Water uptake during germination was characterized by two phases in this experiment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
• /
• v.2 no.1
• /
• pp.102-112
• /
• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of design criteria and environmental conditions of the site of created tidal flats on the structure and function of man-made ecosystem. Seven constructed tidal flats and three natural tidal flats were studied taking the difference in the location (wave height and tidal current), inflow of river water, slope of tidal flat and age after the construction completed into consideration. Parameters studied were physico-chemical and biological characteristics of soils and rate of respiration. The natural tidal flats had higher contents of silt, nitrogen and organic matter compared with the constructed ones. The natural ones had reductive zone below 2cm, whereas the constructed ones had aerobic zone from the surface to below 20cm. The bacterial population in the soil of the constructed tidal flats was one to two orders of magnitude lower than that in the natural ones. Both biomass of macrobenthos and microbial respiration rate, however, were not different significantly between the natural and the constructed tidal flats. There was an exceptional constructed tidal flat with similar physico-chemical and biological characteristics to the natural ones. It is most probable that sufficient conditions to have similar tidal flats to natural ones are the location in enclosed bay or calm coastal area. Thus, to make man-made tidal flats with the same characteristics as those in natural ones, man-made tidal flats should be designed and/or located to enhance the accumulation of silt on tidal flat. It is important to select a place having low water motion for construction of tidal flat.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.21 no.7
• /
• pp.406-418
• /
• 2020

When developing weapons systems, it is important to implement the functions and performance of equipment suitable for development purposes, but it is very important to ensure that the equipment is capable of operating without any vacuum with reliability after development. Therefore, various activities are carried out to enhance reliability of equipment. Reliability is enhanced by using high-specification parts in development, reliability verification through analysis, and testing using development prototypes to reinforce and improve the parts that are lacking in equipment. However, recently, development schedules are shortened due to rapidly changing external conditions and technologies, and there are cases where sufficient reliability growth activities were not carried out due to problems such as cost. Examples are projects that perform reliability activities only in analytical methods (reliability, FMECA). In this paper, analyzing and testing methods for analysis and testing were carried out on the same equipment through FMECA and super-accelerated life test, the contents of reliability growth activity were derived, the results of design change/review were accordingly compared, the differences between the two methods were analyzed, and measures were proposed to strengthen reliable growth activities. It was concluded that reliable growth activities through analysis from the beginning of development and reliable growth activities through testing should be carried out at the completion of initial prototype production.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.133-171
• /
• 2013

The gist of a scene can be identified in less than 100msec, and violation in the gist can influence the way to allocate attention to the parts of a scene. In other words, people tend to allocate more attention to the object(s) inconsistent with the gist of a scene and to have better memory of them. To investigate the effects of contextual consistency on the attention allocation and object memory, two experiments were conducted. In both experiments, a $3{\times}2$ factorial design was used with scene presentation time(2s, 5s, and 10s) as a between-subject factor and object-background contextual consistency(consistent, inconsistent) as a within-subject factor. In Experiment 1, eye movements were recorded while the participants viewed line-drawing scenes. The results showed that the eye movement patterns were different according to whether the scenes were consistent or not. Context-inconsistent objects showed faster initial fixation indices, longer fixation times, more frequent returns than context-consistent ones. These results are entirely consistent with those of previous studies. If an object is identified as inconsistent with the gist of a scene, it attracts attention. Furthermore, the inconsistent objects and their locations in the scenes were recalled better than the consistent ones and their locations. Experiment 2 was the same as Experiment 1 except that a dual-task paradigm was used to reduce the amount of attention to allocate to the objects. Participants had to detect the positions of the probe occurring every second while they viewed the scenes. Nonetheless, the result patterns were the same as in Experiment 1. Even when the amount of attention to allocate to the scene contents was reduced, the same effects of contextual inconsistency were observed. These results indicate that the object-background contextual consistency has a strong influence on the way of allocating attention and the memory of objects in a scene.