• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.258-266
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• 2014

Sweet potato soju (SPS), a form of traditional distilled alcoholic liquor in Korea, is manufactured by the distillation of fermented broth under normal pressure, thus providing it for a uniquely smooth taste infused with the flavor of sweet potato. After distillation, the lees of SPS is produced as by-product and discarded. In this study, the ethanol and hot water extracts of lees of SPS, and their subsequent organic solvent fractions using hexane, ethylacetate (EA), butanol, and water residue were prepared in an effort at the efficient re-use of the lees of SPS. The ethanol extraction yield was 1.36-fold higher than that of the hot water extraction, and the EA fraction revealed the highest total polyphenol content among the solvent fractions. The various extracts and solvent fractions did not demonstrate hemolytic activity at up to 0.5 mg/ml concentrations against human red blood cells. In the bioactivity assay, only the EA fraction displayed a broad spectrum of anti-microbial activity against different pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria, and demonstrated significant anti-coagulation activity by inhibitions of thrombin, prothrombin and blood coagulation factors. Furthermore, only the EA fraction from the hot water extract of the lees of SPS showed anti-platelet aggregation activity, which is comparable to aspirin (a commercially available drug). Our results suggest that the EA fraction of the hot water extract prepared from the lees of SPS has a high potential as a novel resource for anti-microbial and anti-thrombosis agents.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 2004

The study was conducted to investigate the tissue and chemical characteristics of rusty root epidermal cells. In histological study, the rusty symptoms were frequently observed in the epidermis of ginseng root and to be yellow under microscopic observation. Disks of the epidermal cell tissue of the rusty root were usually 2 and 3 times greater in the number of cell layer and thickness of cell wall than the healthy root, respectively. The color degree of methanol extracts from the rusty root epidermis was 5.5 times higher than that of the healthy root. And the extracts of rust matter in the root epidermis were easily dissolved in polar solvents compared to nonpolar solvents. UV-absorption spectra of methanol extracts in various fractions of phenolics showed a maximum peak between 275∼280 nm. The crude lipids and phenolic compounds such as acid insoluble bound phenolics, acid insoluble esterified phenolics, acid insoluble condensed phenolics, insoluble bound phenolics and free phenolics were also more in the rusty root epidermis than in the healthy one. Fe content in the rusty root epidermis was 2.7 times higher than that of healthy one. It was presumed that the phenolic compounds(precursor of the rusty) in association with lipid and iron in the root epidermis might defence the root when ginseng root was depressed by the unfavorable conditions in soil and/or portions of a root system were subjected to anoxic conditions.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.629-633
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• 2006

Pinus rigida Miller leaf extract (PRLE) showed antimicrobial activity remarkably against food pathogenic and spoilage bacteria at concentrations of $100{\sim}250{\mu}g/mL$. Alcohol-soluble PRLE had higher antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and E-coli than any other-soluble PRLE such as butanol, ethyl acetate, ether and water. As PRLE concentration increased alcohol-soluble PRLE increased the remarkable inhibitory zone of microbial growth on the microbial media. PRLE showed good stability against temperature and pH in the range of $40{\sim}150^{\circ}C$ and $4{\sim}11$, respectively. This may indicate that PRLE can be a potential anti-microbial agent for industrial application. In addition, SEM of Listeria monocytogenes suggested that it antimicrobial component would perturb the functions of microbial cell membranes synergistically. In the feeding experiment the formaldehyde content in the serum of formalin-fed and PRLE-treated me decreased remarkably due to the lysis of formaldehyde and the rate of hemoglobin biosynthesis was recovered to the orignal state within a short breeding time.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.343-352
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• 2009

High-resolution Solid-state NMR provides element specific and quantitative information and also resolves, otherwise overlapping atomic configurations in multi-component non-crystalline silicates. Here we report the preliminary results on the effect of composition on the structure of CMAS (CaO-MgO-$Al_2O_3-SiO_2$) silicate glasses, as a model system for basaltic magmas, using the high-resolution 1D and 2D solid-state NMR. The $^{27}Al$ MAS NMR spectra for the CMAS silicate glasses show that four-coordinated Al is predominant, demonstrating that $Al^{3+}$ is network forming cation. The peak position moves toward lower frequency about 4.7 ppm with increasing $X_{MgO}$ due to an increase in $Q^4$(4Si) fraction with increasing Si content, indicating that Al are surrounded only by bridging oxygen. $^{17}O$ MAS NMR spectra for $CaAl_2SiO_6$ and $CaMgSi_2O_6$ glasses qualitatively suggest that NBO fraction in the former is smaller than that in $CaMgSi_2O_6$ glasses. As $^{17}O$ 3QMAS NMR spectrum of model quaternary aluminosilicate glass resolved distinct bridging and non-bridging oxygen environments, atomic structure for natural magmas can also be potentially probed using high-resolution 3QMAS NMR.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.347-351
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• 2014

We studied the green synthesis and antibacterial activity of chitosan-silver (Ag) nanocomposite films for application in food packaging. Green synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) was achieved by a chemical reaction involving a mixture of chitosan-silver nitrate ($AgNO_3$) in an autoclave at 0.1 MPa, $121^{\circ}C$, for 15-120 s. The formation of AgNPs in chitosan was confirmed by both UV-Visible spectrophotometry and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the effects of chitosan-$AgNO_3$ concentration and reaction time on the synthesis of AgNPs in chitosan were examined. The resulting chitosan-Ag composite films were characterized by various analytical techniques and their antibacterial activity was evaluated based on the formation of halo zones around films, indicating inhibition of the growth of Escherichia coli. A fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis showed that free amino groups in chitosan acted as effective reductants and AgNP stabilizers. The composite films exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity with increasing Ag content on the surface of as-prepared composite films.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.143-148
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• 2021

A thermally conductive 200 ㎛ thick polyimide-based film was made from a polyamic acid (PAA) precursor containing graphene prepared from graphite rod using an electrostatic discharge method in order to improve the thermal conductivity and expand the applicability of polyimide (PI) film. Properties of graphene produced by electrostatic discharge were measured by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). As a result of Raman spectrum and XPS analyses of as-prepared graphene, the ID/IG ratio was 0.138 and C/O value was 24.91 which are excellent structural and surface chemical properties. Moreover, thermal conductivities of polyimide films increased exponentially according to graphene contents but when the graphene content exceeded 40%, the polyimide film could not maintain its shape. The thermal conductivity of carbonized PI film made from PAA containing 40 wt% of graphene was 51 W/mK which is greatly enhanced from the pristine carbonized PI film (1.9 W/mK). This result could be originated from superior properties of graphene prepared from the electrostatic discharge method.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.37
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• pp.95-125
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• 2018

While myriads of small and large festivals are being organized in many regions across the country after the successful establishment of local governments around 2000, the undeniable fact is that the identity and purpose of such events are not properly reflected in their programs. This paper carefully examines the 2017 Jeonju International Sori Festival as an exemplary case of a local performing art festival to contribute to the improvement of performing art festivals in the future. In particular, it focuses on a musical program with respect to the composition, content, meaning, and direction that can effectively reveal the identity and intention of a festival. The most significant accomplishment of the 2017 Jeonju International Sori Festival is that it presented a local cultural resource, Pansori, in various ways not only to manifest its identity but also to satisfy both the enthusiasts of such musical genre and the general audience. The achievements of the 2017 Jeonju International Sori Festival through the performing art program can be summarized as follows: first, it created a new image of traditional music; second, it realized the desire to rise above regional and generational demarcations through cultural communication; third, it provided a stage for budding and local artists; fourth, it served as a vehicle for summoning the public; and last, it was conducive to expanding the spectrum of potential audience. This paper has limitation in covering the subject of the improvement of performing art festivals because it analyzed only one event. In follow-up studies, a more objective discussion should be performed by further analyzing the 2017 Jeonju International Sori Festival in comparison with various other performing art festivals.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.93-106
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• 2019

Persona is an actor's external ego constructed by playing various roles, and his/her another self-portrait in the eyes of the audience. This study was conducted to analyze persona identity containing core persona(CP) and to gain implications for the growth strategy of the actress Son Ye-jin called "melo queen" by verifying consistency between the CP and audience responses to her starring works of the past. According to the related theories and models, the persona was firstly set as image, visuality, personality and consistency, and it was used to extract and sort descriptive texts about Son related news articles in the last 5 years of the six major Korean newspapers using the content analysis method. After that, we analyzed the number of viewers of her movies and the audience share of her dramas by genre. As a result, Son's persona components were found to have a proportion for 54.2% images (34.0% for melo and romance images, 20.2% for non-melo and romance images), 25.6% for visibility, 13.8% for consistency, and 6.4% for personality. Her CP was derived from a melo and romance image. Comparing this with the audience reaction, the melo romance genre dominated and showed consistency in the drama, but in the case of the film, the non-melo romance was dominant and did not match each other. The results were attributed to a wide gap between dramas and movies in terms of key viewers, box office factors, degree of genre hybridity and experimentality. Therefore, Son should actively use her CP in the drama and challenge the various roles in order to expand her persona spectrum in the film.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.44.1-44.17
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• 2023

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a significant public health concern around the globe. Antimicrobial peptides exhibit broad-spectrum and efficient antibacterial activity with an added advantage of low drug resistance. The higher water content and 3D network structure of the hydrogels are beneficial for maintaining antimicrobial peptide activity and help to prevent degradation. The antimicrobial peptide released from hydrogels also hasten the local wound healing by promoting epithelial tissue regeneration and granulation tissue formation. Objective: This study aimed at developing sodium alginate based hydrogel loaded with a novel antimicrobial peptide Chol-37(F34-R) and to investigate the characteristics in vitro and in vivo as an alternative antibacterial wound dressing to treat infectious wounds. Methods: Hydrogels were developed and optimized by varying the concentrations of crosslinkers and subjected to various characterization tests like cross-sectional morphology, swelling index, percent water contents, water retention ratio, drug release and antibacterial activity in vitro, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa infected wound mice model in vivo. Results: The results indicated that the hydrogel C proved superior in terms of cross-sectional morphology having uniformly sized interconnected pores, a good swelling index, with the capacity to retain a higher quantity of water. Furthermore, the optimized hydrogel has been found to exert a significant antimicrobial activity against bacteria and was also found to prevent bacterial infiltration into the wound site due to forming an impermeable barrier between the wound bed and external environment. The optimized hydrogel was found to significantly hasten skin regeneration in animal models when compared to other treatments in addition to strong inhibitory effect on the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α). Conclusions: Our results suggest that sodium alginate -based hydrogels loaded with Chol-37(F34-R) hold the potential to be used as an alternative to conventional antibiotics in treating infectious skin wounds.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.113-120
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• 2007

This study was conducted to measure Nitrogen(N), Phosphate($P_2O_5$), Potassium ($K_2O$), Organic matter(OM) and Moisture content of liquid pig manure by Near Infrared Spectroscopy(NIRS) and to develop an alternative and analytical instrument which are used for measurement of N, $P_2O_5$, $K_2O$, OM, and Moisture contents for liquid pig manure. The liquid pig manure sample's transmittance spectra were measured with a NIRS in the wavelength range of 400 to 2,500 nm. Multiple linear regression and partial least square regression were used for calibrations. The correlation coefficient(RSQ) and standard error of calibration(SEC) obtained for nitrogen were 0.9190 and 2.1649, respectively. The RSQ for phosphate, potassium, organic matter and moisture contents were 0.9749, 0.5046, 0.9883 and 0.9777, and the SEC were 0.5019, 1.9252, 0.1180 and 0.0789, respectively. These results are indications of the rapid determination of components of liquid pig manure through the NIR analysis. The simple analytical instrument for liquid pig manure consisted of a tungsten halogen lamp for light source, a sample holder, a quartz cell, a SM 301 spectrometer for spectrum analyzer, a power supply, an electronics, a computer and a software. Results showed that the simple analytical instrument that was developed can approximately predict the phosphate, organic matter and moisture content of the liquid pig manure when compared to the analysis taken by NIRS. The low predictability value of potassium however, needs further investigation. Generally, the experiment proved that the simple analytical instrument was reliable, feasible and practical for analyzing liquid pig manure.