• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.244-252
• /
• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to develop a knowledge scale of risk factors for fall among community-dwelling older adults. Further, the validity and reliability of the scale was developed. Methods: A preliminary scale was developed through content validity by five experts and targeted subjects using the CVI (Content Validity Index). Following the establishment of content validity, the scale was used with 359 community-dwelling older adults to further establish both validity and reliability of the scale. Specifically, construct validity using known-group comparison technique, and reliability using Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ were established. Results: After content validity testing, 44 preliminary items were selected. Construct validity was established by known group-comparison, in which scores between the fall and no fall groups were compared. The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ of the final scale was .83. Conclusion: Reliability and validity of the scale were confirmed. This tool may be used for measuring knowledge of fall risk factor for the community-dwelling older adults.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
• /
• 1998.10b
• /
• pp.725-730
• /
• 1998

Recently, non-destructive tests are getting popular in evaluating concrete properties without braking specimens. Among several NDT methods, P-wave velocity measurement technique has been widely used to evaluate the stiffness and strength of concrete. The purpose of this study is to investigate factors influencing P-wave velocity measured by impact-resonant method and ultrasonic pulse velocity method, such as moisture content of concrete, existence and size of coarse aggregates, sensor and sampling rate. Test results show that rod-wave velocity measured by impact-resonant method and ultrasonic pulse velocity are significantly affected by the moisture content of concrete, i.e., the lower moisture content, the lower velocity. Moisture content influences rod-wave velocity stronger than ultrasonic pulse velocity. Rod-wave velocity is faster in concrete than in mortar and is also faster in concrete containing small size aggregates. Sensor and sampling rate have little influence on velocity.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.145-161
• /
• 2005

In this paper, we present an experiment conducted to examine how the web site's architecture, content quantity and the user task complexity affect its usability. The experiment was performed in two phases on college students to visit existing web sites which are readily accessible via the Internet. The results of experiment show that the web site's architecture significantly affects the efficiency and the effectiveness interactively with its content quantity and the user task's complexity. On the other hand, none of the above three factors show significant effects on the satisfaction and the learnability. In particular, the web site's content quantity does not have any statistically significant effects on the satisfaction and the learnability. It implies that the factors affecting the satisfaction and the learnability are different from those affecting the efficiency and the effectiveness. The analysis reassures that it is essential to consider the context of use in designing a web site.

• Journal of Urban Science
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2022

This study, the meaning of historical and cultural content utilization in urban regeneration was examined and in the process, the causal relationship between each variable was verified through path analysis among physical, cultural, social, and economic factors. The purpose of this study is to find the main variables of historical and cultural content urban regeneration projects in which the moderating effect of economic factors and demographic characteristics, which are mediating effects, have a significant effect on resident participation and life satisfaction of local residents. Furthermore, by presenting a more integrated and effective urban regeneration policy plan, it is intended to ultimately contribute to the vitalization and direction of urban regeneration.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.25 no.11
• /
• pp.583-589
• /
• 2015

This paper presents a study on the room- and low-temperature impact toughness of hypoeutectoid steels with ferrite-pearlite structures. Six kinds of hypoeutectoid steel specimens were fabricated by varying the carbon content and austenitizing temperature to investigate the effect of microstructural factors such as pearlite volume fraction, interlamellar spacing, and cementite thickness on the impact toughness. The pearlite volume fraction usually increased with increasing carbon content and austenitizing temperature, while the pearlite interlamellar spacing and cementite thickness mostly decreased with increasing carbon content and austenitizing temperature. The 30C steel with medium pearlite volume fraction and higher manganese content, on the other hand, even though it had a higher volume fraction of pearlite than did the 20C steel, showed a better low-temperature toughness due to its having the lowest ductile-brittle transition temperature. This is because various microstructural factors in addition to the pearlite volume fraction largely affect the ductile-brittle transition temperature and low-temperature toughness of hypoeutectoid steels with ferrite-pearlite structure. In order to improve the room- and low-temperature impact toughness of hypoeutectoid steels with different ferrite-pearlite structures, therefore, more systematic studies are required to understand the effects of various microstructural factors on impact toughness, with a viewpoint of ductile-brittle transition temperature.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.4171-4183
• /
• 1976

This study is to investigate the effect of some physical properties of soil on the compaction. The compaction effect depends upon various factors such as soil type, moisture content, gradation and compaction energy. In this study, with steady compaction energy, the relationships between maximum dry density and moisture content, gradation and consistency were analyzed by soil types. Some results obtained in this study are summarized as follows 1. Generally, the coarser the grain size, the bigger is the maximum dry density and the smaller is the optimum moisture content and its moisture-dry denisty curve is relatively steep. The finner the grain size, the smaller is the max. dry density and the bigger is the opt. moisture content and its moisture-dry density curve is less steep. 2. The relationship between max. dry density (${\gamma}$dmax) and opt. moisture content, void ratio, clay content, percent passing of No. 200 sieve, liquid limit and plastic limit can be represented by the equation ${\gamma}$dmax =ao+a1X(a0>0, a1<0) 3. The relationship between opt. moisture content (Wopt) and clay content, percent passing of No. 200 sieve, liquid limit and plastic limit can be represented by the equation Wopt=a0+a1X(a0>0, al>0). 4. The fact that maximum dry density of the compacted soil is decreased with the increase of the optimum moisture content in any types of soil tested, and the fact that optimum moisture content can be positively correlated with clay content, percent passing of No. 200 sieve, liquid limit and plastic limit of the soil, lead to the conclusion that clay content, percent passing of No. 200 sieve, liquid limit and plastic limit of the soil are direct factors in reduction of the maximum dry density of engineering soil.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.39-49
• /
• 2017

In this study, we propose the core factors and application of asymmetric virtual reality(VR) content in which head-mounted display(HMD) user and Non-HMD users can work together in a co-located space that can lead to various experiences and high presence. The core of the proposed asymmetric VR content is that all users are immersed in VR and participate in new experiences by reflecting widely a range of users' participation and environments, regardless of whether or not users wear the HMD. For this purpose, this study defines the role relationships between HMD user and Non-HMD users, the viewpoints provided to users, and the speech communication structure available among users. Based on this, we verified the core factors through the process of producing assistive asymmetric VR content and cooperative asymmetric VR content directly. Finally, we conducted a survey to examine the users' presence and their experience of the proposed asymmetric VR content and to analyze the application method. As a result, it was confirmed that if the purpose of asymmetric VR content and core factors between the two types of users are clearly distinguished and defined, the independent experience presented by the VR content together with perceived presence can provide a satisfactory experience to all users.

• Journal of Distribution Science
• /
• v.17 no.8
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2019

Purpose - This study examines the changes in the mobile MMORPG market in recent years and the factors affecting the performance of mobile games through flow experience according to the characteristics of game content. Research design, data, and methodology - This study focuses on the fact that the cause of game use behavior changes is the flow experience which influences the duration of mobile game continuation. The flow experience and the influencing factors are divided into the relationship between first, second-leading factors, and lagged factors. Results - The user's sense of challenge, skillfulness, concentration, and reality influenced the flow experience as a leading factor influencing the performance of MMORPG games. On the other hand, fun and preference were found to be the outcomes of the flow experience. This is because the game content is experienced not through passive enjoyment but by intentionally enjoying the game content. The flow experience has a positive effect on the intention of continuous use as in the previous study. Conclusions - This study found that the flow experience of game users is necessary for continuous use by organizing relationships of flow experience in mobile MMORPG users' gaming behavior.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.9
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2021

This study aims to investigate factors affecting eBook acceptance and learning outcomes among students experiencing online distance learning. As conventional textbooks are now switched into eBooks, the effects of contextual factors including lecturer, student computer competency, content and design of the course, access ability, infrastructure, and university support on eBook acceptance and learning outcome needs to be evaluated. The sample of this study is represented by students at the Universiti Teknologi MARA, City Campus Melaka, undertaking 'strategic management course'. Non-probability random sampling was selected as the sampling technique and a purposive sampling method was chosen to select the samples. The samples comprised 171 students randomly selected through Google Form. The questionnaire data was analyzed by using PLS-SEM. The results indicated that these factors contributed 62.3% variations in the eBook acceptance and 67.1% variations in the learning outcomes. The strongest factor affecting both dependent variables was content and design of course. Managerial implication suggested that the content for all courses taught through the eBook platform needs to be revisited and improved in accordance with the mode of online deliverance. Tutorial on how to navigate the eBook platform is important to all users as this would enhance acceptance and produce better learning outcomes among students.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.39-52
• /
• 2021

This purpose of study is to investigate the influence of e-sports(electronic sports) broadcasting contents and communication factors on game broadcasting viewing intention, focusing on the immersion parameter. As a result of the analysis, it was found that 'creativity' among content elements such as 'entertainment', 'creativity' and 'informationality' has a great influence on immersion. Among the communicator factors, 'communication', 'professionality', and 'uniqueness' were found to have a positive effect on immersion. In addition, the sense of immersion had a great influence on the intention to watch the broadcast.