• Title/Summary/Keyword: Consumer value

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The Strategic Direction for Product and Service Content Development according to Generation Cohorts and Consumption Values : A comparison of Korea and China (한중 50대와 20대의 소비가치 비교연구를 통한 제품 및 서비스 콘텐츠 개발 방향 탐색)

  • Kwon, Junhyun;Han, Semi;Kim, Sook-Eung;Kim, Eunhye
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.18 no.12
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    • pp.1-13
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    • 2018
  • Senior business has been paid attention due to rapid global aging and baby boomers turning 60. However, senior business is not successful as expected because of a lack of understanding of consumers and small size of Korean domestic market. Understanding of senior consumers and overseas markets and providing attractive product and service contents needs to overcome the current challenges. Therefore, this study explores and compares consumers of different generation and different countries. We employ consumption value theory and analyze which consumption values are perceived strongly by each four group(Korean consumers in their 20s, Korean their consumers in 50s, Chinese consumers in their 20s, and Chinese consumers in their 50s). We conducted online survey to compare consumption values among samples of consumers in two countries: Korea and China. There are forty survey instruments in twelve consumption values. The results can be used to develop a strategy for planning, developing, distributing, and promoting product and service contents which consumers, in particular baby boomers, have a strong intention to purchase it.

Quality characteristics and antioxidant activities of rice cookies prepared with Tenebrio molitor, Protaetia brevitarsis, and Gryllus bimaculatus powder (갈색거저리 유충, 흰점박이꽃무지 유충, 쌍별귀뚜라미 분말을 첨가한 쌀쿠키의 품질특성 및 항산화 활성)

  • Jang, Han-Byeol;Baek, Ju-yeon;Choi, Yun Sang;Jang, Hae Won
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.54 no.2
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    • pp.171-178
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    • 2022
  • In this study, the quality characteristics of rice cookies supplemented with different types of insect powder (Tenebrio molitor, Protaetia brevitarsis, and Gryllus bimaculatus) were assessed according to the quantity of insect powder used (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 g). No significant differences were observed in rice cookie densities or water content. The pH value and spread factor decreased with increasing insect powder content (p<0.05); however, a significant increase was observed in the loss rate (p<0.05). Crude ash, crude fat, and crude protein content significantly increased with higher concentrations of insect powder (p<0.05). Moreover, lightness and yellowness decreased, whereas redness increased with higher insect powder concentrations (p<0.05). Hardness significantly decreased, whereas the antioxidant capacities of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radicals increased with higher insect powder concentrations (p<0.05). Finally, insect powder can prove a valuable resource in rice cookie production, considering its nutritional value, consumer preference, and antioxidant properties.

A Suggestions of Future Direction of the Integrated Community Care Business for Improvement of the Elderly's Life Care (노인의 라이프케어 향상을 위한 지역사회 통합돌봄사업 미래 방향에 대한 제시)

  • Yang, Seung-Hoon
    • Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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    • v.15 no.8
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    • pp.423-432
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    • 2021
  • In this study, we investigated and the following conclusions are presented by identifying the current status and problems in order to expand the future's value of the community care project introduced and implemented to improve the quality and care for the elderly's life. First, the needs analysis of the elderly receiving services is composed of patient-centered rather than investigator-centered, and in particular, medical management through medical staff visits should be strengthened, and specialized service items according to gender, age, disability type, and personal preference should be strengthened. This will have to be gradually strengthened. Second, by analyzing the satisfaction, redundancy, and effectiveness of service items, we save money, and consider the consumer-oriented service item composition and application of items necessary for new services. Third, through the introduction of an integrated schedule management system, it is necessary to specialize in pre-booking and visit schedule management between the elderly and the direct service organizations that provide services. Fourth, as an effort to solve the financial problem, it is necessary to prepare a rational resource sharing system with health and medical finance, long-term care insurance system, and social welfare financial project. and it may consider that putting the medical personnel who are from local public medical college input. Through these proposals, the community care business will be able to complete and have future value as a universal aged care system.

The Effect of CSR Motivation of K-Beauty Brands on CSR Authenticity and Brand Trust -Focusing on Comparison of Korean and Chinese Consumers- (K-뷰티 브랜드의 CSR동기가 CSR 진정성과 브랜드 신뢰에 미치는 영향 -한·중 소비자 비교를 중심으로-)

  • Sun-Joo Lee;Yun-Hee Jeong
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.210-222
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    • 2023
  • This study conducted a comparative study using Korean and Chinese consumer data to confirm the impact of K-beauty brand's CSR motivation on CSR authenticity and brand trust, and the effect of CSR authenticity and brand trust on brand support. Of the collected data, 392 copies were used for verification and analyzed using a two-step approach and maximum likelihood measure. As a result of the study, it was found that value-driven, stakeholder-driven, and strategic motivations, excluding egoistic motivations, had a positive effect on CSR authenticity and brand trust. In addition, CSR authenticity had a positive effect on brand trust, which was found to support the brand. As a result of comparing Korean and Chinese consumers, it was found that CSR motives in both countries affect authenticity and brand trust, but Chinese consumers showed higher results in more areas than Korean consumers. These results show that K-beauty brands in order to expand the Chinese market, it has implications that it is necessary to understand Chinese consumers and strengthen the CSR motivation strategy they pursue.

Factors Affecting Satisfaction and Continuous Use Intention of Subscription Economy (구독경제 이용 만족도 및 지속 이용 의도에 영향을 미치는 요인)

  • Chung, Byoung-gyu
    • Journal of Venture Innovation
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 2023
  • Due to the progress of the 4th industrial revolution and the COVID-19 pandemic, the subscription economy was rapidly expanding. In particular, the subscription economy was expected to expand further as the servicing of products(servitization) rapidly progresses. In this study, we tried to empirically analyze the factors that promote and hinder the spread of the subscription economy from the consumer's point of view. To this end, based on the Service Profit Chain (SPC) model, which identified mechanisms leading from quality to satisfaction, loyalty, and performance, a research model was established by combining the framework of the Value-based Adoption Model (VAM), which covers both benefit and sacrifice factors. Usefulness and convenience were derived as benefit factors, and perceived risks and perceived costs were derived as sacrifice factors. The effects of these factors on satisfaction and continuous use intention were analyzed. For empirical analysis, a survey was conducted targeting people who have experience in subscription economy, and 300 effective samples were analyzed. The analysis was performed as a structural equation model using AMOS 24. As a result of the empirical study, it was found that convenience had a significant positive (+) effect on satisfaction. Perceived risk and perceived cost were analyzed to have a negative (-) effect on satisfaction. On the other hand, usefulness was found to have no significant effect on satisfaction. The influences affecting satisfaction were in the order of perceived cost, convenience, and perceived risk. Satisfaction was found to have a significant positive (+) effect on continuous use intention. The results of this study were considered meaningful in that they broadened the horizons of research by combining existing validated models at the academic level and testing their validity, and found that perceived cost was still an important factor at the practical level.

Shopping Value, Shopping Goal and WOM - Focused on Electronic-goods Buyers (쇼핑 가치 추구 성향에 따른 쇼핑 목표와 공유 의도 차이에 관한 연구 - 전자제품 구매고객을 중심으로)

  • Park, Kyoung-Won;Park, Ju-Young
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.68-79
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    • 2009
  • The interplay between hedonic and utilitarian attributes has assumed special significance in recent years; it has been proposed that consumption offerings should be viewed as experiences that stimulate both cognitions and feelings rather than as mere products or services. This research builds on previous work on hedonic versus utilitarian benefits, regulatory focus theory, customer satisfaction to address two question: (1) Is the shopping goal at the point of purchase different from the shopping value? and (2) Is the customer loyalty after the use different from the shopping value and shopping goal? We surveyed 345 peoples those who have bought the electronic-goods within 6 months. This research dealt with the shopping value which is consisted of 2 types, hedonic and utilitarian. Those who pursue the hedonic shopping value may prefer the pleasure of purchasing experience to the product itself. They tend to prefer atmosphere, arousal of the shopping experience. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "hedonic" to refer to their aesthetic, experiential and enjoyment-related value. On the contrary, Those who pursue the utilitarian shopping value may prefer the reasonable buying. It may be more functional. Consistent with previous research, we use the term "utilitarian" to refer to the functional, instrumental, and practical value of consumption offerings. Holbrook(1999) notes that consumer value is an experience that results from the consumption of such benefits. In the context of cell phones for example, the phone's battery life and sound volume are utilitarian benefits, whereas aesthetic appeal from its shape and color are hedonic benefits. Likewise, in the case of a car, fuel economics and safety are utilitarian benefits whereas the sunroof and the luxurious interior are hedonic benefits. The shopping goals are consisted of the promotion focus goal and the prevention focus goal, based on the self-regulatory focus theory. The promotion focus is characterized into focusing ideal self because they are oriented to wishes and vision. The promotion focused individuals are tend to be more risk taking. They are more sensitive to hope and achievement. On the contrary, the prevention focused individuals are characterized into focusing the responsibilities because they are oriented to safety. The prevention focused individuals are tend to be more risk avoiding. We wanted to test the relation among the shopping value, shopping goal and customer loyalty. Customers show the positive or negative feelings comparing with the expectation level which customers have at the point of the purchase. If the result were bigger than the expectation, customers may feel positive feeling such as delight or satisfaction and they would want to share their feelings with other people. And they want to buy those products again in the future time. There is converging evidence that the types of goals consumers expect to be fulfilled by the utilitarian dimension of a product are different from those they seek from the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004). Specifically, whereas consumers expect the fulfillment of product prevention goals on the utilitarian dimension, they expect the fulfillment of promotion goals on the hedonic dimension (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan, and Majahan 2007; Higgins 1997, 2001) According to the regulatory focus theory, prevention goals are those that ought to be met. Fulfillment of prevention goals in the context of product consumption eliminates or significantly reduces the probability of a painful experience, thus making consumers experience emotions that result from fulfillment of prevention goals such as confidence and securities. On the contrary, fulfillment of promotion goals are those that a person aspires to meet, such as "looking cool" or "being sophisticated." Fulfillment of promotion goals in the context of product consumption significantly increases the probability of a pleasurable experience, thus enabling consumers to experience emotions that result from the fulfillment of promotion goals. The proposed conceptual framework captures that the relationships among hedonic versus utilitarian shopping values and promotion versus prevention shopping goals respectively. An analysis of the consequence of the fulfillment and frustration of utilitarian and hedonic value is theoretically worthwhile. It is also substantively relevant because it helps predict post-consumption behavior such as the promotion versus prevention shopping goals orientation. Because our primary goal is to understand how the post consumption feelings influence the variable customer loyalty: word of mouth (Jacoby and Chestnut 1978). This research result is that the utilitarian shopping value gives the positive influence to both of the promotion and prevention goal. However the influence to the prevention goal is stronger. On the contrary, hedonic shopping value gives influence to the promotion focus goal only. Additionally, both of the promotion and prevention goal show the positive relation with customer loyalty. However, the positive relation with promotion goal and customer loyalty is much stronger. The promotion focus goal gives the influence to the customer loyalty. On the contrary, the prevention focus goal relates at the low level of relation with customer loyalty than that of the promotion goal. It could be explained that it is apt to get framed the compliment of people into 'gain-non gain' situation. As the result, for those who have the promotion focus are motivated to deliver their own feeling to other people eagerly. Conversely the prevention focused individual are more sensitive to the 'loss-non loss' situation. The research result is consistent with pre-existent researches. There is a conceptual parallel between necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits and luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits (Chernev 2004; Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha 2007; Higginns 1997; Kivetz and Simonson 2002b). In addition, Maslow's hierarchy of needs and the precedence principle contends luxuries-wants-hedonic benefits higher than necessities-needs-utilitarian benefits. Chitturi, Raghunathan and Majaha (2007) show that consumers are focused more on the utilitarian benefits than on the hedonic benefits of a product until their minimum expectation of fulfilling prevention goals are met. Furthermore, a utilitarian benefit is a promise of a certain level of functionality by the manufacturer or the retailer. When the promise is not fulfilled, customers blame the retailer and/or the manufacturer. When negative feelings are attributable to an entity, customers feel angry. However in the case of hedonic benefit, the customer, not the manufacturer, determines at the time of purchase whether the product is stylish and attractive. Under such circumstances, customers are more likely to blame themselves than the manufacturer if their friends do not find the product stylish and attractive. Therefore, not meeting minimum utilitarian expectations of functionality generates a much more intense negative feelings, such as anger than a less intense feeling such as disappointment or dissatisfactions. The additional multi group analysis of this research shows the same result. Those who are unsatisfactory customers who have the prevention focused goal shows higher relation with WOM, comparing with satisfactory customers. The research findings in this article could have significant implication for the personal selling fields to increase the effectiveness and the efficiency of the sales such that they can develop the sales presentation strategy for the customers. For those who are the hedonic customers may be apt to show more interest to the promotion goal. Therefore it may work to strengthen the design, style or new technology of the products to the hedonic customers. On the contrary for the utilitarian customers, it may work to strengthen the price competitiveness. On the basis of the result from our studies, we demonstrated a correspondence among hedonic versus utilitarian and promotion versus prevention goal, WOM. Similarly, we also found evidence of the moderator effects of satisfaction after use, between the prevention goal and WOM. Even though the prevention goal has the low level of relation to WOM, those who are not satisfied show higher relation to WOM. The relation between the prevention goal and WOM is significantly different according to the satisfaction versus unsatisfaction. In addition, improving the promotion emotions of cheerfulness and excitement and the prevention emotion of confidence and security will further improve customer loyalty. A related potential further research could be to examine whether hedonic versus utilitarian, promotion versus prevention goals improve customer loyalty for services as well. Under the budget and time constraints, designers and managers are often compelling to choose among various attributes. If there is no budget or time constraints, perhaps the best solution is to maximize both hedonic and utilitarian dimension of benefits. However, they have to make trad-off process between various attributes. For the designers and managers have to keep in mind that without hedonic benefit satisfaction of the product it may hard to lead the customers to the customer loyalty.

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Effect a Presentation Product has on the Repurchase Action (증정상품이 소비자의 재구매행동에 미치는 영향)

  • Yun, Gi-Seon;Kim, Hong
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.193-224
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    • 2006
  • When we look into the market economy of our country recently, we learn that the mind of consumption after IMF crisis is very shrunk and the market is led into a serious slump of consumption. For an approach to survive the contraction of the market and the market competition, enterprises command a variety of sales promotion strategy, out of which presentation is a sales promotion strategy to give the same product. The price-discounted strategy through the provision of donation commodity may induce the temporarily-discounted commodity not to be sold to the consumers or make a damage of the images of the brand, or arouse the price war against other companies, or lower the sense of the quality of the commodity. Therefore, it is necessary for a company to meet the end users' demand and also maintain the evaluation of the quality on the consumers' products highly. Therefore, in this study, we have attempted to study and analyze the consumers' satisfaction level and reliability on the donation goods in order to suggest the orientation of the presentation promotion strategy in accordance with the changes of the sales market. In addition, we tried to understand how the recognition, consumers' satisfaction level and reliability on the presentation goods had on the repurchase. With such objectives in this study, we could make an analogy of the following significance and suggestion of study. Firstly, in order to survive a serious competition market, enterprises must execute the product presentation along with diverse events instead of commanding the sales promotion strategy through a simple product presentation. This strategy can be an alternative to lower the danger a person-to-person product presentation may bring about. That is to say, we shall not lower the quality and value of the products but enhance a new image to customers through a product donation occasion together with an event as a new marketing pioneering method. Secondly, during the period of the current economic depression, if a company provides the consumers with an opportunity free of charge through the present special event period and the practical events, it will affect the advertising effect of the goods, the introduction of the customers and customers' repurchase. For this purpose, the company has to heighten customers' preferences by selecting the items customers are liable to prefer and closely analyze the consumers' response and market for such an objective. Thirdly, with the internet age, as the market has a tendency to increase In the number of consumers who do shopping in the internet, the marketing strategy has to build up the strategy of the presentation product instead of a simple offline strategy. For example, a company shall have to draw attention or attraction from end users who intend to do shopping through the online by a product planning expo or a presentation product corner. Fourthly, the excessive sale promotion strategy of presentation products may bring about even a reverse effect on the value of the goods or consumers' attitude as seen above. Therefore, a company has to relay' the value as to the price' to the consumers instead of the sales promotion strategy of donation products just for a temporary sales volume. Conclusively, even if we put the value with a reasonable price through the presentation product strategy in the past, we shall have construct the strategy by providing some plus factors in the price such as the provision of the upgraded products or services instead of just presentation, or the invitation of the events related to diverse events or culture arts from now on.

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Quality and Antioxidant Properties of Iced Cookie with Black Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) Powder (흑토마토 분말을 첨가한 냉동 쿠키의 품질 및 항산화 특성)

  • O, Hyeonbin;Choi, Byung Bum;Song, Ka-Young;Zhang, Yangyang;Kim, Young-Soon
    • The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.65-72
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    • 2016
  • Black tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) is known to have more ${\beta}-carotene$, lycopene, and vitamin C than general red-colored tomatoes. In this study, we evaluated the quality properties, antioxidant activities and sensory characteristics of black tomato cookies. Cookies were prepared by replacing 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7% of flour with black tomato powder. Density of black tomato cookies tended to be decreased between control (1.20) and 3% added groups (1.12). pH value was decreased from control (6.66) to 7% added group (5.16). Spread factor and loss rate were increased with increasing amounts of black tomato powder. Hardness was gradually increased from $107.77g/cm^2$ in control to $170.50g/cm^2$ in 7% added group. Color measurement indicated that L-value (brightness) was highest in control (70.46) and lowest in 7% added group (45.23); whereas, a-value (redness) increased while b-value (yellowness) tended to decrease with increasing amounts of black tomato powder. Total polyphenol contents and DPPH radical scavenging activities were directly proportional to the amount of black tomato powder. Consumer preference scores in color and flavor of black tomato powder added group were higher than those of control. Characteristic strength test was not significantly different among the groups. Overall, the results indicated that adding 5% black tomato powder is desirable for making black tomato cookies.

Feed Value of the Different Plant Parts of Main Forage Rice Varieties (사료용 벼 주요 품종의 수확부위 별 사료가치)

  • Ahn, Eok-Keun;Won, Yong-Jae;Kang, Kyung-Ho;Park, Hyang-Mi;Jung, Kuk-Hyun;Hyun, Ung-Jo;Lee, Yoon-Sung
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.67 no.1
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2022
  • In order to manufacture feed suitable for consumer use and provide feed value information, we analyzed the feed components of the four main forage rice varieties by plant parts harvested 30 days after heading. The contents of the six feed ingredients were significantly different (p<0.05) among harvested parts. In the panicle, the crude protein (CP) (6.97%) and lignin (3.11%) were the highest, while the crude ash (CA) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) contents were significantly lower, resulting in a total digestible nutrient (TDN) content of 77.29%, which is higher than that of the stem (64.82%) and leaf blade and sheath (LBS) (63.57%) (p<0.05). In contrast, the content of crude fat (CF) did not differ significantly among parts (p<0.05). In panicles from 'Jonong', 'Nokyang' and 'Yeongwoo', the TDN content of each cultivar was 78.48-79.07%, with no significant difference among the varieties. In 'Mogwoo' (Mw), the CP content was 8.70%, which was much higher than that of other varieties (p<0.05). In particular, the Mw TDN content was slightly lower in the panicle (72.95%) but higher in the stem (75.37%) and LBS (66.49%) than in the other varieties. The CA, NDF, acid detergent fiber (ADF), and lignin contents were also very low compared to other varieties; therefore, the feed value of the stem and LBS was excellent. In addition, the total dry matter weight (DMW) was 123 g per hill, which was much higher than 82-105 g per hill for other varieties. The distribution of DMW by part was LBS (56.9 g), stem (36.8 g), and panicle (29.3 g), and because the parts, except the panicles, were much higher than the 43-57% of other varieties (grain straw ratio: 76%), rice straw is advantageous in terms of quantity and feed value when used as forage on farms. The relative feed value (RFV) of the four cultivars ranged from 86.79-403.74 across all parts, and hay of grade 3 or higher with an RFV of 100 or more increased with delayed heading in both stems and LBS. This is due to the accumulation of starch into grains during ripening, which supports the observation that the RFV of the early flowering 'Jonong' and 'Nokyang' panicles increased.

A study on the Success Factors and Strategy of Information Technology Investment Based on Intelligent Economic Simulation Modeling (지능형 시뮬레이션 모형을 기반으로 한 정보기술 투자 성과 요인 및 전략 도출에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Do-Hyung
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.35-55
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    • 2013
  • Information technology is a critical resource necessary for any company hoping to support and realize its strategic goals, which contribute to growth promotion and sustainable development. The selection of information technology and its strategic use are imperative for the enhanced performance of every aspect of company management, leading a wide range of companies to have invested continuously in information technology. Despite researchers, managers, and policy makers' keen interest in how information technology contributes to organizational performance, there is uncertainty and debate about the result of information technology investment. In other words, researchers and managers cannot easily identify the independent factors that can impact the investment performance of information technology. This is mainly owing to the fact that many factors, ranging from the internal components of a company, strategies, and external customers, are interconnected with the investment performance of information technology. Using an agent-based simulation technique, this research extracts factors expected to affect investment performance on information technology, simplifies the analyses of their relationship with economic modeling, and examines the performance dependent on changes in the factors. In terms of economic modeling, I expand the model that highlights the way in which product quality moderates the relationship between information technology investments and economic performance (Thatcher and Pingry, 2004) by considering the cost of information technology investment and the demand creation resulting from product quality enhancement. For quality enhancement and its consequences for demand creation, I apply the concept of information quality and decision-maker quality (Raghunathan, 1999). This concept implies that the investment on information technology improves the quality of information, which, in turn, improves decision quality and performance, thus enhancing the level of product or service quality. Additionally, I consider the effect of word of mouth among consumers, which creates new demand for a product or service through the information diffusion effect. This demand creation is analyzed with an agent-based simulation model that is widely used for network analyses. Results show that the investment on information technology enhances the quality of a company's product or service, which indirectly affects the economic performance of that company, particularly with regard to factors such as consumer surplus, company profit, and company productivity. Specifically, when a company makes its initial investment in information technology, the resultant increase in the quality of a company's product or service immediately has a positive effect on consumer surplus, but the investment cost has a negative effect on company productivity and profit. As time goes by, the enhancement of the quality of that company's product or service creates new consumer demand through the information diffusion effect. Finally, the new demand positively affects the company's profit and productivity. In terms of the investment strategy for information technology, this study's results also reveal that the selection of information technology needs to be based on analysis of service and the network effect of customers, and demonstrate that information technology implementation should fit into the company's business strategy. Specifically, if a company seeks the short-term enhancement of company performance, it needs to have a one-shot strategy (making a large investment at one time). On the other hand, if a company seeks a long-term sustainable profit structure, it needs to have a split strategy (making several small investments at different times). The findings from this study make several contributions to the literature. In terms of methodology, the study integrates both economic modeling and simulation technique in order to overcome the limitations of each methodology. It also indicates the mediating effect of product quality on the relationship between information technology and the performance of a company. Finally, it analyzes the effect of information technology investment strategies and information diffusion among consumers on the investment performance of information technology.