• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.597-605
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• 2012

With the smart grid coming near, wide-area supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) becomes more and more important. However, traditional SCADA systems are not suitable for the openness and distribution requirements of smart grid. Distributed SCADA services should be openly composable and secure. Event-driven methodology makes service collaborations more real-time and flexible because of the space, time and control decoupling of event producer and consumer, which gives us an appropriate foundation. Our SCADA services are constructed and integrated based on distributed events in this paper. Unfortunately, an event-driven SCADA service does not know who consumes its events, and consumers do not know who produces the events either. In this environment, a SCADA service cannot directly control access because of anonymous and multicast interactions. In this paper, a distributed security framework is proposed to protect not only service operations but also data contents in smart grid environments. Finally, a security implementation scheme is given for SCADA services.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.117-126
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• 2005

Korean Standard Certificate, suitable for the korean industrial standards is one which was designed not only to spread and utilize the industrial standard established for the industrial standardization, but to protect the consumer. In this study, the practical effects of the Korean Standard Certificate will be examined in various fields, based on the small medium enterprises which achieved the KS Certificate. In order to look into how the system has effects on the performance of the management in a company, the method of the actual approach will be used. In the end, the purpose of this study is to find the plan in which KS Certificate can be helpful to the development of the company.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.109-120
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• 2005

A company is liable for its products and has the responsibility to make good on any loss or damage incurred by the user of its product. The purpose of the Product Liability Act(PLA) is to protect consumers against damage caused by defective products, and contribute to the safety of the citizen's life and the sound development of the national economy by regulating the liability of manufacturers, etc. for damages caused by the defectiveness of their products. In this study, the cognition levels of consumers and producers for PLA were surveyed. The cognition levels of four factors of acknowledgement, comprehension, necessity and impact for PLA were assessed. The results were as follows : i) Acknowledgement and comprehension levels of consumer were assessed low but they assessed necessity and impact of PLA high; ii) Producers assessed necessity and impact of PLA higher than their acknowledgement and comprehension levels; iii) Overall cognition levels of producers were higher than those of consumers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.507-515
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• 1996

Television food advertisement is the most effective way to reach to consumers with food and nutritional informations and affect their eating behavior. Therefore, 218 food commercials were reviewed using video tapes and copies to know the present food product trends, food messages they transmit and define misleading food commercials. Messages were focused on the benefit of health promoting substances they contain, especially for functional food components, fortified nutrients, food safety focused on food additives, convenience and differentiation with other products. Overnutrition on specific nutrients could be expected due to nutrient fortified products and misleading of food commercials were also noted. Regarding trends, guidelines provided by television broadcasting company shoud be fortified in the connection of Food Hygine Law and supervision committe should reinforce the food company to summit data for the approval of their advertisement claims. Nutrition educational spot program shoud be produced and broadcasted for the public to protect the consumer from food faddism in near future.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.3-31
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• 2022

In the past, there has not been a law with the main purpose of preventing or preventing a risk in advance in order to protect the safety of patients in relation to medical services. It is evaluated that the enactment of the Patient Safety Act has a very important meaning in protecting patient safety as the top priority and further improving the quality of medical care. However, looking at the status of patient safety accidents reported to the Patient Safety Reporting System after the Patient Safety Act was enacted and implemented, various types of risk factors for patient safety still exist in the medical field. Meanwhile, Korea Consumer Agency and Korea Medical Dispute Mediation and Arbitration Agency, the existing domestic ADR specialized agencies, have been operating reasonable damage relief procedures such as recommendation of settlement, mediation, and arbitration according to the purpose of their establishment. Therefore, with the aimof broadening the choice of compensation system for patients, we propose the establishment and revision of ADR-related laws to apply the damage relief procedures of both institutions.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2011.04a
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• pp.1009-1011
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• 2011

With the growth of Smart Grid technologies, security and privacy will become the most important issues and more attention should be paid. There are some existing solutions about anonymization of smart meters, however, they still have some potential threats. In this paper, we describe an enhanced method to protect the privacy of consumer data. When metering data are required by a utility or the electrical energy distribution center for operational reasons, data are delivered not with the real IDs but with temporary IDs. In addition, these temporary IDs are changed randomly to prevent the attackers from analyzing the energy usage patterns. We also describe secure data transmission method for securing data delivered. In this way, we can enhance the privacy of Smart Grid System with low overhead.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.527-542
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• 2021

The government-driven open data policies are on the rise to protect consumers from misunderstandings and monitor the companies. However, in contract-based industries such as insurance, the contract-inherent characteristics make information asymmetry between consumers and companies. Our paper focuses on insurance contracts where the contingency has high uncertainty of occurrence, and the clauses may incur high costs of reading. Given those contracts, we hypothesized that the contract's clear statement decreases customer dissatisfaction and lowers the number of complaints. To empirically support the claim, we collected customers' complaint documents of insurance companies and insurance contracts from 2005 until 2017. Our econometric models showed that clearer statements and words significantly reduce the complaints after controlling for firm-specific heterogeneity and time-specific heterogeneity. We identify that insurance companies' complaint ratio significantly differ depending on the insurance contract, including specific clauses and words.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.173-181
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• 2024

The healthy products dedicated for young people are qualified as a solution to protect the future generation, especially that most commercial deals do not consider the consumer's health and environment. Therefore, it is crucial to define the antecedent of healthy purchases and to examine their impact on teenagers. This research aims to explore the antecedents and the consequences of the consumption of Saudis teenagers. Therefore, we develop a research model in the conceptual framework and the hypotheses to test. The empirical analysis required two samples from Saudis youth consumers. The first sample was utilized in the exploratory study with SPSS software. Then, the second was employed to the confirmatory part with the Amos software, as well as the validation of the hypotheses, and model with Fuzzy Set approach. The findings of this study have significant insights into the Saudi consumption and implications for both practitioners and researchers. Then, we have particularly strenuous on intention purchase antecedents of organic foods, and their consume habit moderation.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2024

In agricultural households cultivating vegetables and fruits, the use of various pesticides to protect crops from diseases and pests or to control weeds is widely practiced enhancing quality and productivity. However, pesticides can pose a threat to consumer health by remaining on the food surface or migrating into the food interior. Households commonly peel off skins, wash with water, or use chemical methods to remove foreign substances including residual pesticides on the food surface. In this study, we measured the washing rate by comparing the pesticide concentrations before and after washing in the leafy vegetable perilla leaves and the fruits strawberries and apples, which were intentionally exposed to pesticides. We compared washing rates using tap water, a baking soda solution, and a commercially available food-specific cleaning solution. The target pesticides for analysis were azoxystrobin, bifenthrin, boscalid, difenoconazole, flubendiamide, and indoxacarb, and the residual pesticide analysis was performed using GC-MS/MS or LC-MS/MS. The removal rates of pesticides were highest with the food-specific cleaner, followed by baking soda and tap water in order.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.116-122
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• 2024

The growth of the national economy and the improvement of household consumption have had a profound impact on the design of children's food packaging. As household economic conditions improve, children's consumption needs and habits are becoming more diverse. Especially in the field of children's food, food packaging still plays a key role, not only to protect the freshness and safety of food, but also to create a pleasant and fun emotional atmosphere in the minds of children. The aim of this study is to explore the close link between emotional interaction and the children's food market, and to study approaches to children's food packaging design to provide beneficial insights to promote sales and meet changing consumer needs.