• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.183-192
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• 1999

The derivative equation measured of a ${\Delta}MV=Kp*{(EVn-EVn-1)+\frac{1}{Ki/S}* EVn+(Kd/S)*(2PVn-1-PVn-PVn-1)}$ is used on the machine apparatus of industrial field, but this par doesn\`t able to educate now, because we didn\`t have the implementation device of PID module, so the principle implementation system of the PID Module is manufactured and developed. Through this system, the implementation system of PID Module is practiced with that the SV and the set of P, I, D is set on the derivative equation measured of PID. A things to be known of this experiment result is flow. 1)PID module is known that had to be used with the module of A/D and D/A. 2) In process of PV is approached to the SV to follow Kp, Ti and Td to cause a constant of set value on the $MVp=Kp*EV, MV=\frac{1}{Ki}{\int}EVdt, MVd=Td\frac{d}{dt}EV$, the variable rate of E and Kp, Td, Ti in that table 1 is analysed, is same as flow. (1)If Kp is high, PV is near fast to the SV, but Kp is small, PV is near slowly to the SV. (2)If Ki is shot, PV is close fast to the SV, but Ti is high, PV is close slowly to the SV (3)If Td is high, the variable rate of E press hardly when because it doesn\`t increase, but Td is small, the variable rate of E press not hardly, upper with 1), 2), PID module is supposed that be able to do the A/S and an implementation of that apparatus, and getting a success of aim that an engineer want, on control of temperature, tension, velocity, amount of flow, power of wind end so on, to get the principle of automatic implementation in industrial field with cooperation of A/D and D/A module.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.139-145
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• 2020

This study was carried out to identify the occurrence of transovarian transmitted diseases and antibody positive rates among Korean native breeder chickens. The infection rates with Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum among 16-week-old, 36-week-old, and 56-week-old breeder chickens and the antibody positive rates to Egg Drop Syndrome '76, Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae among 16-week-old, 18-week-old, and 56-week-old breeder chickens were identified, and the antibody positive rates to seven major transovarian transmitted diseases among 1-day-old chicks were investigated. As a result, no infection with Salmonella pullorum and Salmonella gallinarum was found among the investigated subjects of all ages. Vaccinated breeder chickens showed the 100% antibody positive rate to Egg Drop Syndrome '76, and unvaccinated breeder chickens showed the 100% antibody negative rate to Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae, confirming that there was no infection with Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Mycoplasma synoviae. As a result of the antibody tests of the 1-day-old chicks for transovarian transmitted diseases, it was found that vaccinated chicks showed good antibody positive rates to avian encephalomyelitis, chicken infectious anemia, and avian reovirus, confirming that they had power of defense against the relevant infectious diseases, and that unvaccinated chicks showed the 100% antibody negative rates to avian leukosis, chicken reticuloendotheliosis, and Mycoplasma synoviae, confirming that there was no infection with the relevant diseases. Given that the results of this study showed that among the transovarian transmitted diseases of chickens, there was no history of infection with diseases against which vaccination was not administered and high antibody positive rates were found with diseases against which vaccination was administered, it is judged that chickens with good power of defense against diseases were bred, and it is deemed that constant monitoring and vaccination against transovarian transmitted diseases will be necessary for the control and prevention of the diseases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.145-145
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• 2008

High-k materials have been paid much more attention for their characteristics with high permittivity to reduce the leakage current through the scaled gate oxide. Among the high-k materials, $ZrO_2$ is one of the most attractive ones combing such favorable properties as a high dielectric constant (k= 20 ~ 25), wide band gap (5 ~ 7 eV) as well as a close thermal expansion coefficient with Si that results in good thermal stability of the $ZrO_2$/Si structure. During the etching process, plasma etching has been widely used to define fine-line patterns, selectively remove materials over topography, planarize surfaces, and trip photoresist. About the high-k materials etching, the relation between the etch characteristics of high-k dielectric materials and plasma properties is required to be studied more to match standard processing procedure with low damaged removal process. Among several etching techniques, we chose the inductively coupled plasma (ICP) for high-density plasma, easy control of ion energy and flux, low ownership and simple structure. And the $BCl_3$ was included in the gas due to the effective extraction of oxygen in the form of $BCl_xO_y$ compounds. During the etching process, the wafer surface temperature is an important parameter, until now, there is less study on temperature parameter. In this study, the etch mechanism of $ZrO_2$ thin film was investigated in function of $Cl_2$ addition to $BCl_3$/Ar gas mixture ratio, RF power and DC-bias power based on substrate temperature increased from $10^{\circ}C$ to $80^{\circ}C$. The variations of relative volume densities for the particles were measured with optical emission spectroscopy (OES). The surface imagination was measured by scanning emission spectroscope (SEM). The chemical state of film was investigated using energy dispersive X-ray (EDX).

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.90-102
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• 2017

In this study, various types of nutrient models were tested by using two tears's water quality data collected from the stormwater wetland in Korea. Based on results, most important factor influencing nitrogen removal was hydraulic loading rate, which indicates that surface area of wetland is more important than its volumetric capacity, and model proposed by WEF was found to give a least error between measured and calculated values. For the phosphorus, in case assuming a power relationship between rate constant and temperature, the best prediction result were obtained, but temperature was most sensitive parameter affecting phosphorus removal. In addition, denitrification was always a limiting step for the nitrogen removal in this particular wetland mostly due to the lack of carbon source and high dissolved oxygen concentration. In this paper, several alternatives to improve nitrogen removal, including proper arrangement and designation of wetland elements and use of floating plants or synthetic fiber mat to control oxygen level and to capture the algal particles were proposed and discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.569-575
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• 2020

In this study, a fuel cell system model for ship power was developed and verified by comparing the experimental results obtained by supplying pure oxygen. To verify the proposed model, the fuel cell output characteristics when oxygen was supplied were compared with those when air was supplied using an air compressor. In addition, the effect of the change in the thermal properties of the fuel cell system on the output of the stack was examined. Within the experimental range of this study, when pure oxygen was supplied as the cathode supply gas, the calculated and experimental voltages and outputs obtained through modeling were almost the same over the entire load range. When air was supplied instead of oxygen for the cathode supply at a constant load of 560 A, each stack voltage was approximately 14 V, the stack output was approximately 8 kW, and the stack efficiency was approximately 3 %. It was confirmed that the overall system efficiency was reduced by approximately 8 %. Among the thermal properties examined in this study, the heat transfer coefficient of the coolant to the stack was found to have the greatest effect on the output of the stack.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2019

Most oil refineries and chemical plants have flare systems designed to mitigate pressure rises in process facilities in case of emergencies that require the release of large amounts of gas due to sudden process shutdowns such as power outages. However, the rise of the flame of the flare system causes civil complaints from residents around the factory due to visible pollution, and economic loss occurs in the company, which requires constant management. In this study, two items were diagnosed and analyzed in order to derive the optimal operation method of flare system. First, to detect the cause of the rise in flame height, the acoustic leak detector was used to check gas leaks in safety valves and pressure control valves. Second, to identify the cause of flame instability, the pulsation phenomenon was diagnosed through the CFD simulation and modeling experiments of the sealing drum. By confirming the leak at 4.3% of the safety valve and 10% of the pressure control valve, the cause of abnormal sparking was derived. The information presented in this study can be easily applied to any company that has a flare system, and is expected to prevent complaints and product loss.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.353-360
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• 2017

In this study, the design and performance test of the air to water heat pump capable of producing hot water for greenhouse heating by using the surplus solar heat inside the greenhouse and the air heat outside greenhouse as the selective heat source were conducted. The heat storage operations using the surplus solar heat and the outside air heat were designed to be switched according to the setting temperature of the greenhouse in consideration of the optimum temperature range of the crop. In the developed system, it was possible to automatically control the switching of heat storage operation, heating and ventilation by setting 12 reference temperatures on the control panel. In the selective heat storage operation with the surplus solar heat and outside air heat, the temperature of thermal storage tank was controlled variably from $35^{\circ}C$ to $52^{\circ}C$ according to the heat storage rate and heating load. The heat storage operation times using the surplus solar heat and outside air heat were 23.1% and 30.7% of the experimental time respectively and the heat pump pause time was 46.2%. COP(coefficient of performance) of the heat pump of the heat storage operation using the surplus solar heat and outside air heat were 3.83 and 2.77 respectively and was 3.24 for whole selective heat storage operation. For the comparative experiment, the heat storage operation using the outside air heat only was performed under the condition that the temperature of the thermal storage tank was controlled constantly from 50 to $52^{\circ}C$, and COP was analyzed to be 2.33. As a result, it was confirmed that the COP of the heat storage operation using the surplus solar heat and outside air heat as selective heat source and the variable temperature control of the thermal storage tank was 39% higher than that of the general heat storage operation using the outside air heat only and the constant temperature control of the thermal storage tank.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.593-607
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• 2013

The In-Vehicle-Networking(IVN) of modern cars is constituted by an small electronic control device called ECU. In the past, there was no way to be able to access the IVN of a driving car. so IVN has been recognized as a closed environment so there is no need to exist authentication protocol between devices which are to configure the internal network and to communicate with other devices. However, constant improvements made it possible to access the IVN in many different ways as the communication technology evolves. This possibility created a need for device authentication in IVN. HB-Family are representative authentication schemes in RFID environment which has similar restrictions to IVN. In this paper, we propose an implementation method of HB-Family for device authentication between ECU considering ECU has low computing power and the message field of CAN protocol has restricted size of 8 bytes. In order to evaluate the efficiency and availability of the authentication schemes adopted our method, we have evaluated the performance based on DSP-28335 device. Further, it was possible to improve the efficiency rate of at lest 10%, up to 36%, and we then analyze this result in various aspects of the IVN.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.203-215
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• 1984

This experiment was performed to explore the effect of electric currents and orthodontic forces on bone $PGE_2$ content and orthodontic tooth movement on cats. Stainless steel electrodes were connected a power pack consisting of five miniature batteries, a transistor, and a resistor. The current $(10{\pm}2{\mu}A)$ was provided by a constant source encased in a palatal acrylic plate. In first experiment, the cathode was placed mesial to the right maxillary canine tooth and the anode was positioned distal to the tooth, Sham electrodes were placed new the left cuspid, to serve as control. Nine cats were divided into three groups evenly. Groups of three animals were treated with electric currents only-for 1, 3 and 7 days, respectively. In second experiment, electric currents and the orthodontic forces of about 80 gm were applied to the right maxillary canine, and the orthodontic forces only were applied to the left maxillary canine. 3 groups of three cats each were treated in this experiment-for 1, 3 and 7 days, respectively. Alveolar bone samples were obtained from sites of tension and compression as well as from contralateral sites. Bone samples were extracted by homogenization in $40\%$ ethanal. The supernatant partitioned twice with 2 volumes of petroleum ether to remove neutral lipids and the aqueous supernatant partitioned in ethyl acetate. After drying the solvent, $PGE_2$ was measured by radioimmunoassay technique. The obtained results were as follows. 1. Teeth treated with combined force and electricity moved faster than those treated with force alone. 2. Alveolar bone $PGE_2$ content of electric stimulation was increased at both electrodes. 3. Alveolar bone $PGE_2$ content of mechanical stimulation at compression sites was gradually increased at all time period. At tension site, $PGE_2$ content increased after 1 day of mechanical stimulation remained elevated at all time period. 4. Alveolar bone $PGE_2$ content of compression sites was increased more than that of tension sites from mechanical stimulation as well as electrical stimulation.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.88-99
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• 2003

Background and Objective : The status of development of instruments to assess the 'health status' reflecting the concept of Sasang Constitutional Medicine is still far from satisfaction, despite their importance in building basic data for health promotion, evaluation of effectiveness of treatment, health policy and so on. for these reasons the health scale of Sasang Constitutional Medicine shod be developed. Therefore as from of preliminary research, this study is to review the concept of health and symptoms in health status in Sasang Constitutional Medicine. Methods : It was researched as bibliologically with Dong-mu's chief medical writings such as ${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Soose $Bowon{\lrcorner}$(東醫壽世保元)${\ulcorner}Dongyi$ Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)${\lrcorner}$ - Results and conclusion : 1. In Sasang Constitutional Medicine, it is suggested that Inherent vitality(命脈實數) has relations to health and Knowledge-Acting(知行) is a primary factor which affects health. And it is thought that Healthy condition(完實無病) is that human being has enough Healthy energy(保命之主) of Small viscera. 2. In Sasang Constitutional Medicine, it is thought that stool, urine, sweating and digestion become important indexes to measure the physical health state. 3. In Sasang Constitutional Medicine, it is thought that the mental health is in control of inclination of mind by golden mean(中庸) and in tranquillity of constant mind according to constitution. 4. In Sasang Constitutional Medicine, it is thought that the social health is state thar can do social acting harmoniously by keeping away from alcohol, sexual appetite, property and power.