• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2004

The ABR point-to-multipoint connection is now playing a more important role than before. Many consolidation algorithms have been proposed to solve the consolidation noise problem and the slow transient response problem. But few timeout algorithms are proposed to handle the non-responsive branches for the multicast connections. Chen’s algorithm needs exchanging control messages between switches [9]. Besides, it may mistake a responsive branch as a non-responsive branch because of fast changes in source rates, which causes wrong information in BRM cells and may lead to network congestion and data losses in the responsive branch. We propose a simple timeout algorithm which can handle the non-responsive branches without exchanging message between switches. The timeout value for each switch is computed locally. Simulation results show that the proposed timeout algorithm can efficiently handle the non-responsive branches and utilize the available bandwidth within a small period of time. In addition, our algorithm could handle the situation when the source rates change quickly.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.85-104
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• 2014

Damage detection is a challenging, complex, and at the same time very important research topic in civil engineering. Identifying the location and severity of damage in a structure, as well as the global effects of local damage on the performance of the structure are fundamental elements of damage detection algorithms. Local damage detection is essential for structural health monitoring since local damages can propagate and become detrimental to the functionality of the entire structure. Existing studies present several methods which utilize sensor data, and track global changes in the structure. The challenging issue for these methods is to be sensitive enough in identifYing local damage. Autoregressive models with exogenous terms (ARX) are a popular class of modeling approaches which are the basis for a large group of local damage detection algorithms. This study presents an algorithm, called Influence-based Damage Detection Algorithm (IDDA), which is developed for identification of local damage based on regression of the vibration responses. The formulation of the algorithm and the post-processing statistical framework is presented and its performance is validated through implementation on an experimental beam-column connection which is instrumented by dense-clustered wired and wireless sensor networks. While implementing the algorithm, two different sensor networks with different sensing qualities are utilized and the results are compared. Based on the comparison of the results, the effect of sensor noise on the performance of the proposed algorithm is observed and discussed in this paper.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보통신학회 2017년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.744-747
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• 2017

The Internet of things (IoT) needs to be an event-driven approach for efficient real time response and processing. An IoT gateway is sometimes employed to provide the connection and translation between devices and the cloud. Storing data in the local database, and then forwarding it on the cloud is a task to be relegated to a gateway device In this paper, we propose the design of the IoT gateway with Fog computing for storing data from sensors into a local database. In the procedure of designing storing tasks, we propose to use the interfacing software known as Ardulink MQTT bridge. MQTT is a protocol for sensors to publish data to the clients. When it comes to needing historical data, MQTT connector can push MQTT data into SQL database. We write an MQTT client and based on the message topic insert the values into a SQL Database The design of IoT gateway with Fog computing adds value because it provides processing of the data across multiple devices before it sends to the cloud.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.201-213
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• 2021

Contrast to the conventional jointed bridge design, integral abutment bridges (IABs) offer some marked advantages like reduced maintenance and enhanced service life of the structure due to elimination of joints in the deck and monolithic construction practices. However, the force transfer mechanism during seismic and thermal movements is a topic of interest owing to rigid connection between superstructure and substructure (piers and abutments). This study attempts to model an existing IAB by including the abutment backfill interaction and soil-foundation interaction effects using Winkler foundation assumption to determine its seismic response. Keeping in view the significance of abutment behavior in an IAB, the probability of damage to the abutment is evaluated using fragility function. Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) approach is used in this regard, wherein, nonlinear time history analyses are conducted on the numerical model using a selected suite of ground motions with increasing intensities until damage to abutment. It is concluded from the fragility analysis results that for a MCE level earthquake in the location of integral bridge, the probability of complete damage to the abutment is minimal.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.390-402
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• 2022

Offshore wind energy has become a major energy source, and various studies are underway to increase the economic feasibility of floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT). In this study, the characteristics of wave-induced motion of a combined wind-wave energy platform were analyzed to reduce the variability of energy extraction. A user subroutine was developed, and numerical analysis was performed in connection with the ANSYS-AQWA hydrodynamic program in the time domain. A platform combining the TLP-type FOWT and the Wavestar-type wave energy converter (WEC) was proposed. Each motion response of the platform on the second-order wave load, the effect of WEC attachment and Power take-off (PTO) force were analyzed. The mooring line tension according to the installation location was also analyzed. The vertical motion of a single FOWT was increased approximately three times due to the second-order sum-frequency wave load. The PTO force of the WEC played as a vertical motion damper for the combined platform. The tension of the mooring lines in front of the incident wave direction was dominantly affected by the pitch of the platform, and the mooring lines located at the side of the platform were mainly affected by the heave of the platform.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.131-143
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• 2023

The CFRP bar was used to achieve more ductile and durable headed-stud shear connectors in composite components. Three series of push-out tests were firstly conducted, including specimens reinforced with pure steel fibers, steel and CFRP bars. The distributed stress was measured by the commercial PPP-BOTDA (Pre-Pump-Pulse Brillouin optical time domain analysis) optical fiber sensor with high spatial resolution. A series of numerical analyses using non-linear FE models were also made to study the shear force transfer mechanism and crack response based on the test results. Test results show that the CFRP bar increases the shear strength and stiffness of the large diameter headed-stud shear connection, and it has equivalent reinforcing effects on the stud shear capacity as the commonly used steel bar. The embedded CFRP bar can also largely improve the shear force transfer mechanism and decrease the tensile stress in the transverse direction. The parametric study shows that low content steel fibers could delay the crack initiation of slab around the large diameter stud, and the CFRP bar with normal elastic modulus and the standard reinforcement ratio has good resistance to splitting crack growth in headed stud shear connectors.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제10C권5호
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• pp.617-624
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 CDMA 시스템에서 전력제어의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있는 수정된 분산전력제어(M-DCPC) 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법의 제어 성능을 보이기 위해 각 이동국의 SIR 응답 속도와 셀(cell) 내에서의 Outage 확률을 기존의 DCPC, CSOPC와 LQPC과 비교하였다. SIR 명령이 변화되는 상황에서, M-DCPC의 SIR 응답 속도가 기존의 다른 알고리즘들에 비해 더 빠르고 적은 오버슈트를 가짐을 모의실험을 통해 확인하였다. Outage의 경우, M-DCPC의 수렴속도가 CSOPC의 수렴속도보다 더 빠름을 확인하였다 CSOPC의 경우 반복횟수가 거듭될수록 SIR 명령에 대한 응답 속도가 느려지게 되는데, 이 때 SIR 명령치가 변화할 경우, CSOPC에서는 다량의 Outage가 발생하지만, M-DCPC는 거의 영향을 받지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.579-598
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• 2020

Consideration of the panel zone (PZ) deformations in the analysis of steel moment frames (SMFs) has a substantial effect on structural response. One way to include the PZ effect on the structural response is Krawinkler's PZ model, which is one of the best and conventional models. However, modeling of Krawinkler's PZ model has its complexity, and finding an alternative procedure for PZ modeling is of interest. In this study, an efficient model is proposed to simplify Krawinkler's PZ model into an Adjusted Rigid-End Zone (AREZ). In this way, the rigid-end-zone dimensions of the beam and column elements are defined through an appropriate rigid-end-zone factor. The dimensions of this region depend on the PZ stiffness, beam(s) and columns' specifications, and connection joint configuration. Thus, to obtain a relationship for the AREZ model, which yields the dimensions of the rigid-end zone, the story drift of an SMF with Krawinkler's PZ model is equalized with the story drift of the same structure with the AREZ model. Then, the degree of accuracy of the resulting relationship is examined in several connections of generic SMFs. Also, in order to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model in SMFs, several SMFs ranging from 3- to 30-story representing low- to high-rise buildings are examined through linear static and dynamic time history analysis. Furthermore, non-linear dynamic analyses of three SMFs conducted to validate the degree of accuracy of the proposed model in the non-linear analysis of SMFs. Analytical results show that there is considerable conformity between inter-story drift ratio (IDR) results of the SMFs with Krawinkler's PZ model and those of the centerline SMFs with AREZ.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.663-672
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• 2014

최근, 모듈러 구조 시스템은 공기를 단축시킬 수 있는 장점으로 인해 건설 현장에 적용되고 있다. 모듈러 구조시스템은 단위 모듈로 구성되며, 모듈과 모듈의 볼트접합을 위해 보-기둥 접합부에 개구부를 가공하게 된다. 일반적으로 모듈러 구조시스템은 기존 철골모멘트골조와 유사한 하중전달체계를 가지는 것으로 가정하여 설계된다. 이와 같은 설계 가정의 타당성을 확보하기 위해, 단위 모듈의 보-기둥 접합부에 대한 회전 성능이 파악되어야 한다. 본 연구에서는 개구부의 구조적 영향이 고려된 접합부의 회전성능을 파악하기 위해 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 해석결과 단위모듈은 충분한 변형능력을 가지고 안정적인 이력거동을 하는 것으로 나타났으며, 단위모듈의 접합부는 부분강접 접합부로 분류되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 단위 모듈의 비선형 골조 해석을 위한 간단한 스프링 모델을 개발하였으며, 단위 모듈의 비선형 이력 거동을 구현하기 위해 Ramberg-Osgood 이력 모델을 제시하였다.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.557-586
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• 2022

In spite of extensive testing of the individual shear wall and the coupling beam (CB), numerical and experimental researches on the seismic behavior of CSW are insufficient. As far as we know, no previous research has investigated the affectations of position of CB regarding to the slab level (SL). So, the investigation aims to enhance an overarching framework to examine the consequence of connection positions between CB and SL. And, three cases have been created. One is composed of the floor slab (FS) at the top of the CB (FSTCB); the second is created with the FS within the panel depth (FSWCB), and the third is employed with the FS at the bottom of the CB (FSLCB). And, FEA is used to demonstrate the consequences of various CB positions with regard to the SL. Furthermore, the main measurements of structure response that have been investigated are deformation, shear, and moment in a coupled beam. Additionally, wall elements are used to simulate CB. In addition, ABAQUS software was used to figure out the strain distribution, shear stress for four stories to further understand the implications of slab position cases on the coupled beam rigidity. Overall, the findings show that the position of the rigid linkage among the CB and the FS can affect the behavior of the structures under seismic loads. For all structural heights (4, 8, 12 stories), the straining actions in FSWCB and FSLCB were less than those in FSTCB. And, the increases in displacement time history response for FSWCB are around 16.1-81.8%, 31.4-34.7%, and 17.5% of FSTCB.