• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.8
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• pp.1504-1511
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• 2009

By development of renewable energies and high-efficient facilities and deregulated electricity market, the operation cost of distributed generation(DG) becomes more competitive. The amount of distributed resource is considerably increasing in the distribution network consequently. Also, international environmental regulations of the leaking carbon become effective to keep pace with the global efforts for low-carbon paradigm. It contributes to spread out the business of DG. Therefore, the operator of DG is able to supply electric power to customers who are connected directly to DG as well as loads that are connected to entire network. In this situation, community energy system(CES) having DGs is recently a new participant in the energy market. DG's purchase price from the market is different from the DG's sales price to the market due to the transmission service charges and etc. Therefore, CES who owns DGs has to control the produced electric power per hourly period in order to maximize the profit. If there is no regulation for carbon emission(CE), the generators which get higher production than generation cost will hold a prominent position in a competitive price. However, considering the international environment regulation, CE newly will be an important element to decide the marginal cost of generators as well as the classified fuel unit cost and unit's efficiency. This paper will introduce the optimal operation of CES's DG connected to the distribution network considering CE. The purpose of optimization is to maximize the profit of CES and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) will be used to solve this problem. The optimal operation of DG represented in this paper is to be resource to CES and system operator for determining the decision making criteria.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.917-926
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• 1994

Let ($M, G_M, F$) be a (p+q)-dimensional Riemannian manifold with a foliation F of codimension q and a bundle-like metric $g_M$ with respect to F ([9]). Aside from the Laplacian $\bigtriangleup_g$ associated to the metric g, there is another differnetial operator, the Jacobi operator $J_D$, which is a second order elliptic operator acting on sections of the normal bundle. Its spectrum isdiscrete as a consequence of the compactness of M. The study of the spectrum of $\bigtriangleup_g$ acting on functions or forms has attracted a lot of attention. In this point of view, the present authors [7] have studied the spectrum of the Laplacian and the curvature of a compact orientable cosymplectic manifold. On the other hand, S. Nishikawa, Ph. Tondeur and L. Vanhecke [6] studied the spectral geometry for Riemannian foliations. The purpose of the present paper is to study the relation between two spectra and the transversal geometry of cosymplectic foliations. We shall be in $C^\infty$-category. Manifolds are assumed to be connected.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.358-369
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• 2002

Abundant information about analyses of single steam generator tube rupture (SGTR) events is available because of its importance in terms of safety. However, there are few literatures available on analyses of multiple steam generator tube rupture (MSGTR) events. In addition, knowledge of transients and consequences following a MSGTR event are very limited as there has been no occurrence of MSGTR event in the commercial operation of nuclear reactors. In this study, a postulated MSGTR event in an APR1400 is analyzed using thermal-hydraulic system code MARSI.4. The present study aims to examine the effects of affected steam generator selection. The main steam safety valve (MSSV) lift time for four cases are compared in order to examine how long operator response time is allowed depending on which steam generate. (S/G) is affected. The comparison shows that the cases where two steam generators are simultaneously affected allow longer time for operator action compared with the cases where a single steam generator is affected. Furthermore, the tube ruptures in the steam generator where a pressurizer is connected leads to the shortest operator response time.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.435-440
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• 2019

Recently, many musical instrument mobile apps have been released targeting normal people who can't play musical instrument at all. The reason of developing video system based on step sequencer are as follows; first, users can freely play the musical instruments; second, induce multiple users to play; and third, develop and suggest new step sequencer fused with the video. To resolve issue in video synchronization caused by sync issues when operating multiple step sequencers, the Pocket Operator of Teenage Engineering was used to realize multiply-connected step sequencer and also, the ultimate video system was developed through Mira-Web for multiple participation. In addition, it's required to make the Pocket Operator as software and receive various feedbacks to continue and complement study in order to develop the better video system.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.205-209
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• 2011

Let $\mathcal{QA}$ denote the class of bounded linear Hilbert space operators T which satisfy the operator inequality $T^*|T^2|T{\geq}T^*|T|^2T$. Let $f$ be an analytic function defined on an open neighbourhood $\mathcal{U}$ of ${\sigma}(T)$ such that $f$ is non-constant on the connected components of $\mathcal{U}$. We generalize a theorem of Sheth [10] to $f(T){\in}\mathcal{QA}$.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.123-143
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• 2020

This study examines the interplay between the reactions of YouTube users and North Korean propaganda. Interesting enough, the study has noticed changes in the strict media environment under young leader Kim. Messages delivered by the communist regime to the outside world appeared to resemble those of 'normal' countries. Although North Korean YouTube was led mainly by the account operator, visitors from different nations do comment on the channel, which suggests the possibility of building international communities for propaganda purposes. Overall, the study observed a sparsely connected social network among ordinary commenters. However, the operator did not exercise tight control over peer-to-peer communication but merely answered questions and tried to facilitate mass participation. In contrast to the many news clips, the documentary content on North Korea's YouTube channel did not explicitly advocate for North Korea's current political positions.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.127-145
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• 2009

In this paper we introduce a new subclass $K_{\mu}^{\lambda},{\phi},{\eta}(n;{\rho};{\alpha})$ of analytic and multivalent functions with negative coefficients using fractional calculus operators. Connections to the well known and some new subclasses are discussed. A necessary and sufficient condition for a function to be in $K_{\mu}^{\lambda},{\phi},{\eta}(n;{\rho};{\alpha})$ is obtained. Several distortion inequalities involving fractional integral and fractional derivative operators are also presented. We also give results for radius of starlikeness, convexity and close-to-convexity and inclusion property for functions in the subclass. Modified Hadamard product, application of class preserving integral operator and other interesting properties are also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.1705-1723
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• 2008

Let n be a 2-step nilpotent Lie algebra which has an inner product <, > and has an orthogonal decomposition $n\;=z\;{\oplus}v$ for its center z and the orthogonal complement v of z. Then Each element z of z defines a skew symmetric linear map $J_z\;:\;v\;{\longrightarrow}\;v$ given by <$J_zx$, y> = for all x, $y\;{\in}\;v$. In this paper we characterize Jacobi fields and calculate all conjugate points of a simply connected 2-step nilpotent Lie group N with its Lie algebra n satisfying $J^2_z$ = A for all $z\;{\in}\;z$, where S is a positive definite symmetric operator on z and A is a negative definite symmetric operator on v.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.96.4-96
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• 2001

A remote controlled robotic system using the Internet is proposed in this paper. The robotic system can for example act as a substitute for a child who is staying in a hospital. Using the proposed robotic system, the bedridden child can easily look around the inside of his/her classroom, and can talk to other people. The proposed robotic system will encourage a bedridden child to maintain his/her study habits. The robotic system has a CCD camera, a speaker, a microphone, and a PC display on the robot main body. An operator also has a CCD camera, a microphone, and a PC display on the operator desk. The two personal computers are connected using the Internet ...

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.280-283
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• 2001

The crane operates in three directions, hoisting, traversing, and travelling motion. In this study, an AC drive system for these motions of the crane is developed and tested. The command from an operator is transmitted to PLC, which sends data to a main controller by fieldbus protocols such as Profibus or Devicenet. And the main controller is connected to other auxiliary ones by CAN bus. The each controller, which has the same structure, regulates its motor speed from the operator's command.