• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.323-335
• /
• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the current status of nutrition education programs for multicultural families and to provide policy suggestions for improvement. Methods: In-depth interviews of a total of 21 multicultural experts were conducted; 15 people were interviewed individually, while 6 people were interviewed in groups of three. Results: In-depth interviews revealed various problems related to the operation of nutrition education programs. The causes of problems were analyzed and categorized as four factors: systemic, practical, environmental and cultural. As for the systematic factors, insufficient linkage between related organizations and duplicate performance of several projects were identified as concerns Establishment of a control tower and strengthening the linkage among the related organizations may be needed to address this concern. With regard to practical factors, the study identified that language barriers, and lack of nutritional education media and tools translated into multicultural languages were limiting factors. These limitations the development of nutrition education materials that aretranslated into multiple languages, implementation of education programs that are different from the Korean education, and by providing interpreters. As for the environmental factors, low educational level and poor nutritional knowledge of multicultural women made it difficult for them to understand the contents of the education. Demonstration, practical training and urgent education on pregnancy and childbirth nutrition were identified as needs to address these concerns. Withregard to cultural factors, food culture conflict with Korean families, and difficulties in home practices were detected as concerns. Participants in the study suggested that getting education with family and facilitation of weekend and nighttime programs health of this community. Conclusions: Further studies are needed to adopt more effective and efficient nutrition intervention to promote the healthy eating of the married immigrant women based on the study results.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.48-62
• /
• 2009

Bodyguards always perform their duty with psychological burdens in their mind, not only because security situations are developed in various forms dependent on the surrounding environments or circumstances, but because bodyguards only take follow-up actions while the criminal decides time, place, and style of every attack. Thus, in the security situation, it is not uncommon for bodyguards to experience muscle rigidity, uncontrollable emotional elevation, difficulty in concentration, negative perception, frustration and enervation, which are caused by continuous physical/mental burdens, stimulations by various interpersonal behaviors or minute environmental stimulants. In conclusion, the result of performing security duties is related in the first place with the degree of the bodyguard's potential, in the second place with the degree of training and efficiency. And the result can also be changed by the way they control their negative psychological state of the moment when they carry out the skills they acquired. Maximizing the performance of the bodyguards by helping them overcome these psychological factors may be facilitated by detecting their psychological factors, understanding the causes, and training them in applying appropriate measures for overcoming these factors. When these measures are applied, the positive perception is indispensable that duties of protecting clients can be carried out successfully. No single measure can be declared to be more effective than the other because the effect of each measure is expressed differently by the individual characteristics of the bodyguards. However, it is important to select and apply the measures most appropriate to the bodyguard. Besides, they should devote themselves to the training with persistence because efficient implement of the measures for overcoming psychological factors takes a lot of time.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.27
• /
• pp.31-57
• /
• 2012

The 19th century could not relatively receive attention from local researchers because it was treated as the past cut off from the present as the formative period of modern states of Latin America. According to the characteristics of area studies which focus on changes of politics and society, studies on past affairs could not have been the main focus of attention. But as new liberalism has appeared in Latin America, is throwing the spotlight on liberalism. In addition, the studies on the 19th century have been activated and gradually expanded. And interpretation about the 19th century's history has been variously arranged. Especially, discussion on liberalism and conservatism was established as the key words which can understand and reconsider Latin America in the 19th century. Colombian liberalism which could not overcome heritage of the colonial period in the 19th century and did appear advocating reformation was another form of authoritarianism. Reformation promoted by liberalism was utilized to keep privilege of the ruling class, not to remove the social and economic structure derived from the colonial period. New reformist forces which advocated mercantilism after the middle of the 19th century but they were formed based on the existing system. Colombian Liberal Party was developed as "Another name of conservatization" by reflecting understanding of the conservatives. Colombian liberalists preferred federalism to cut off from repressive characteristics of Spanish colonial rule and secure autonomy of local control through reformation based on economic understanding. Therefore, discussion on the form of government which focused on federalism and centralism acted as the causes of conflict between Colombian liberalism and conservatism. Based on this point, this study tries to analyze liberalism reforms which is the main issue in the Colombian history in the 19th century and consider history of Colombian political conflicts focusing on federalism. The origin of Violencia which is the political violence and Colombian history in the 19th century which has been a series of rebellion can be considered through this procedure.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.355-367
• /
• 2012

This paper focuses on understanding what kind of experience the women leadership education can provide for adult learners and how the learners grasp a characteristic of a women leader. For this, the research interviewed learner who complete the women leadership course at the P center in Busan. To this end, it is discussed in two sides. One side is about educational experience, the other side is about leadership. In the aspect of former approach, the leadership education shows the characteristic which is much closer to the meaning of the education itself rather than that of leadership. It not only put much emphasize on the recovery to the self but also shows the relation-oriented characteristic like building up social net-work. In the aspect of the latter, by connecting the woman and leader, women expects they wish to be a 'trustful leader'. For them, 'trustful leader' is the true leader. In addition it also means 'charismatic leader', 'servant leader', 'the leader with member to growth' and 'the leader with a rational and reasonable'. Although women acknowledge that women leader's authority and power is important for the realization of the real equality of women, at the same time, however, they worry about the possibility that this leader become a kind of a 'power-oriented leader' which causes conflict and suppress the weaker. This study argues that we need to concentrate more on the new perspective which focuses on the sharing and bordering occurred in inner gender rather than the former approach which focuses on the difference between genders.

• The Southeast Asian review
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.93-134
• /
• 2013

This paper examines the formation and evolution of Chinese society in Penang over 155 years. Since it was ruled by the British in 1786, many immigrants gathered in Penang. Among them, much of the population was Chinese. It could be offered to clarify the historical process of the development of Chinese society in Penang by paying attention to the three items - opium, tin, and rubber. All the conflict and friction over these products were main causes of prosperity and decay for the Chinese society in Penang. In the early 19th century, the Chinese colossus could get their capital accumulation by taking advantage of 'opium farm'. They amassed their fortune through development of tin mines newly discovered in Perak during the late 19th century. It was the age of Chinese Colossuses deeply connected with Chinese secret societies. After the rubber plantations were developed by the Western capital in the early 20th century, the age of Chinese Colossuses was gradually fallen down. From this point of view one can be provided a new perspective on the history of Penang and the Chinese society of its own. The three scopes for history enable us to make a new interpretation about the issue of stratification within Chinese society in Penang. Especially this research focused on the economic characteristics of Chinese secret societies as 'social capital', and on the identity conflicts between traditional Strait Chinese(peranakan) elite and emerging sinkeh Chinese merchants. The identity problem between 'Laokeh' and 'Sinkeh' in the early 20th century was intentionally exaggerated by modern researchers. Their conflicts seems to be caused by different economic interests rather than identity. We need to consider again the rise and fall of Chinese society in Penang with flexible thinking.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2022

Today's customer service providers, who have the greatest impact on customer satisfaction, are experiencing severe stress and job burnout due to various causes. Unlike general companies, the corporation has a relatively high level of dissatisfaction with customer service since there is a large conflict between the provision of kindness and the reasonable handling of civil complaints according to laws and regulations. In order to analyze the environment of the NPS' customer service providers, 5.583 branch employees working at the National Pension Service and 407 call center employees were surveyed online using the questionnaire function of the Enterprise resource planning system. The contents of the survey consisted of a survey on customer-facing employees, the level of awareness of customer-facing workers protection measures, and opinions on improvement and supplementation related to customer-facing workers protection measures. As a result of the survey, 72.8% of the total respondents experienced grievance complaints, and the proportion of call center employees was even higher at 89.0%. In addition, both the branch and the call center had the largest share of complaints about obstruction of business, unreasonable demands, abusive language, and verbal abuse. More than 40% of call center employees in their 20s and 30s experienced the highest frequency of complaints 13 or more times a year. The most difficult thing in the process of responding to complaints was that both branch offices and call centers had insufficient psychological recovery time, lack of space, and lack of help from colleagues and superiors. Based on the survey analysis, it is suggested to establish a countermeasure through case analysis rather than the right to suspend work for civil complaints that cannot be handled, such as customized manuals and action strategies for the age group with high grievance complaints.

• Industry Promotion Research
• /
• v.8 no.2
• /
• pp.109-117
• /
• 2023

Modern industrial society demands socially-prescribed perfectionism from office workers and causes self-discrepancy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to propose a counseling strategy that integrates the divided self based on Fairbairn's psychological structure and reduces self-discrepancy by changing interpersonal relation patterns. 14 sessions were conducted once a week from March 2022 to July 2022. T-test was used as a research method to compare the level of self discrepancy by conducting the Self Questionnaire before and after. During the initial stage, the client was in conflict with his boss and showed anger, depression, somatic symptoms such as gastrointestinal disorder, strict judgement on himself and others, and high self-discrepancy. This research showed that the client's libidinal ego and anti-libidinal ego were de-repressed and integrated into his central ego, and his self-discrepancy level was decreased, which was confirmed through the pre-post test. This research, as a case study applying Fairbairn's psychological structure, has a meaning that it confirmed a change in the interpersonal relation patterns of a socially-prescribed perfectionistic client.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
• /
• v.55 no.3
• /
• pp.15-25
• /
• 2016

This study attempted an eco-ethical approach to the sporting body, focusing on Toegye's Gyeong. A causes for the conflict between man and nature is a wrong view of nature derived from human desire. Toegye thought that the problem of desire could be overcome through Gyeong. Eco-ethical approaches of Toegye's gyeong thought are possible for the following reasons: First, because Toegye's gyeong is completed in nature. Second, because Toegye's gyeong emphasize human responsibility (consideration) for nature. Third, because gyeong is related to the ability to practice morality. Meanwhile, Toegye understood 'preserving the body well' as self-preservation and at the same time, as the meaning of a natural principle of following the laws of nature. From this perspective, the sporting body has meanings of physical fitness and mental health and at the same time, an aspect of ecological values of understanding man and nature as a single network and following the order of nature. Acquisition of Gyeong through the sporting body suggests the practice of 'gyeongsin (respect for the body)' and 'hwalgyeong (preservation of the ecological environment).' When human beings do physical exercise with nature, they proceed to the stage of building up the virtue of yosan yosu (finding happiness in mountains and water) through nature preserving the ecological environment (hwalgyeong) beyond staying at the stage of gyeongsin.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.12
• /
• pp.201-224
• /
• 2006

This study explained about the different motive of partner homicide and this homicide's elements which are feature of human sociology, home environment, school life and partner's trouble causes. After analyzed these element which affect to the motive of partner homicide, we couldn't find statistical differences of partner homicide motive by sex, having a job. However, there are small gap in an age group. Almost the homicide by expressive motive was a primary factor in the whole mass but, in the age of 40's, 11.1% is by the homicide of instrumental motive in the partner homicide. We need some more detail analysis and the partner murderer who growed up in very poor home circumstances commit Homicide by 100% expressive motive. This result suggested that murderer who was in the inferior home environment can do murder more easier than normal because of their emotional reason which are urgent, impulsive and contingent. On the other hand, their school life behavior during a growth process was useless for explain the motive of partner homicide. On one side, we could confirm that partner's trouble cause is a very useful element for explain the partner homicide, that is, if the if the level of conflict with partner's were high, the murder by expressive motive will grow up. But we must see the fact that the partner homicide's rate is 13.3% by instrumental motive in the low trouble causes very carefully for understand the partner homicide.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.16-27
• /
• 2017

IEEE 802.15.6 standard, a Wireless Body Area Network, aims to transfer not only medical data but also non-medical data, such as physical activity, streaming, multimedia game, living information, and entertainment. Services which transfer those data have very various data rates, intervals and frequencies of continuous access to a medium. Therefore, an efficient anti-collision operations and medium assigning operation have to be carried out when multiple nodes with different data rates are accessing shared medium. IEEE 802.15.6 standard for CSMA/CA medium access control method distributes access to the shared medium, transmits a control packet to avoid collision and checks status of the channel. This method is energy inefficient and causes overhead. These disadvantages conflict with the low power, low cost calculation requirement of wireless body area network, shall minimize such overhead for efficient wireless body area network operations. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a medium access scheduling scheme, which adjusts the time interval for accessing to the shared transmission medium according to the amount of data for generating respective sensor node, and a priority control algorithm, which temporarily adjusts the priority of the sensor node that causes transmission concession due to the data priority until next successful transmission to ensure fairness.