• Title/Summary/Keyword: Confidence and Risk Attitude

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The Consideration of Evaluator's Confidence and Risk Attitude in Fuzzy-AHP (퍼지 AHP 적용에 있어서 평가자 신뢰도와 위험인식 성향의 반영)

  • Nam, Ji-Hee;Lee, Young-Gun;Kim, Kwan-Hyun;Choi, Gi-Ryun;Park, Chan-Gook
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.89-95
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    • 2007
  • In general, reliability of AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) depends on pairwise comparison of evaluators. In addition, human judgment on the importance of alternatives or criteria is always imprecise and vague. To cope with these shortcomings, Fuzzy AHP is suggested and used widely recently. But in Fuzzy AHP, it cannot deal with the evaluator's various attitudes towards risk and confidence owing to evaluator's different expertise and experience. This paper proposes a method for consideration of evaluator's confidence and risk attitude in Fuzzy AHP. And suggested methods are applied various scenarios to verify the meaningfulness. The result shows that the priority of alternatives can be change through the consideration of evaluator's confidence and risk attitude.

The Determinants of Tap Water Consumption Patterns (수돗물 음용행동의 영향변수에 관한 연구)

  • Kim Young-Seen
    • Journal of Families and Better Life
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    • v.24 no.2 s.80
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    • pp.93-106
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    • 2006
  • This study investigated the determinants of Tap Water consumption patterns. Socio-demographic variables(gender, family income, education level, residual area) and consumer attitude knowledge(confidence, knowledge, problem experience, risk perception and aesthetic satisfaction)were included in the analysis. Three hundred fifty-nine teachers were participated in this study. ANOVA(Scheffe test), t-test, regression and logistic regression were conducted. The results of this study are as follows: 1. Tap water was consumed by only 1.7%, boiled water prior to drinking by 37.9%, water filtered by 39.8% and bottled water by 19.0%. 2. Consumer attitude knowledge was affected by socio-demographic variables. That is, aesthetic satisfaction was affected by age, risk perception by gender and educational level, confidence by educational level, knowledge by gender and age, and problem experience by age. 3. Logistic regression analysis indicated that age, confidence and aesthetic satisfaction were the determinants of bottled water or filtered water choice. However, risk perception was not a significant determinant. This suggests alternatives to tap water is related to non-risk, or non-safety factors.

Identification of Variables Influencing on Risk Perception and Risk Reduction Behavior in Clothing Purchase Situations (의복구매시 지각되는 위험과 위험감소행동에 대한 영향변인 연구)

  • 김찬주;이은영
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.434-447
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    • 1995
  • This research was intended to identify variables influencing on risk perception and risk reduction behavior in clothing purchase situations. Responses from 631 female adults living in Seoul area were collected and analyzed. Towner for social occasions or working in office was used as clothing stimulus. The analysis included three product variables(price, style, type of clothing), 4 personality variables(generalized self-confidence, specific self-confidence, generalized informativeness, fashion informativeness), 2 clothing attitude variables(clothing importance, clothing interest), 4 demographic variables(age, educational level, occupation, income), and 3 situational variables(purchase planning, time pressure, effects of shopping company). Multiple regression revealed the fact that each type of clothing risk and each type of risk reduction behavior was influenced by the set of different variables. Generalized self- confidence and age and time pressure had more effects on clothing risk perception, while clothing risk reduction behavior was more influenced by clothing risk type, clothing interest, price of clothing and fashion informativeness. Implications for marketing strategies planning were also provided.

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A Comparison of Customers' Perceived Value on Electronic Commerce and Traditional Commerce (전자상거래와 전통적 상거래에서 고객이 지각한 가치 비교)

  • Jang, Si-Young;Lee, Chung-Seop
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.159-180
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    • 2000
  • As the importance of electronic commerce(EC) increases, some people argue that traditional commerce(TC) will ultimately give way to EC in the near future. Regardless of the type of commerce, however, it is the value factors of the customer that would formulate the direction of change in the market. This study investigates the influence of those value factors upon the attitude towards the type commerce and the repurchase intention of products and service. It also addresses the impact of the customer's risk disposition and level of confidence. A number of customer's value factors are hypothesized to affect the attitude, and the attitude in turn is expected to be related to the repurchase intention. Based on two hundred and ninety responses from the computer survey, the hypotheses are tested. The convenience, cost reduction, and information satisfaction factors affect EC attitude and repurchase intention. Similarly, the reliability, personal interaction, and shopping enjoyment factors affect TC attitude and repurchase intention. The comparison between EC and TC factors indicates the significant difference in the time saving factor in favor of EC. The personal characteristics such as risk disposition and level of confidence also influence the attitude and repurchase intention. The implications and limitations of this study are discussed. The value factors identified in this study may serve as important checklists for those firms already in EC and those intending to enter the market.

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An Empirical Study on the Effect of Cryptocurrency Personal Characteristics on Investment Intentions (암호화폐 개인 특성이 투자의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증적 연구)

  • Kim Sangil;Seo Jaeseok;Kim Jeongwook
    • Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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    • v.19 no.2
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    • pp.147-160
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    • 2023
  • Unlike other currencies, cryptocurrency is not a currency used for general transactions, but is currently applied to various investment assets and its scope is expanding. The purpose of this study is to the effect of personal characteristics on investment intention. As a theoretical background, it was verified by applying the Extended Technical Acceptance Model (ETAM). self-confidence propensity, bandwagon propensity, risk tolerance propensity, network externality, attitude, and Investment intention were composed of variables. The research method collected data from 871 people who had experience in cryptocurrency investment through a survey and analyzed it after excluding the data of 71 people who were judged to be inappropriate. The structural equation modeling method using AMOS was used. As a result of this paper, five hypotheses were accepted as statistically significant. This study concluded that self-confidence propensity, bandwagon propensity, risk tolerance propensity, network externality, and attitude had statistically significant effects on Investment intention. In this respect, this study will be able to provide useful information for cryptocurrency research.

A Study on the Effect of Information about Risk on Decision Making (위험에 대한 정보의 제공이 의사결정에 미치는 영향)

  • 장경수;홍근표
    • The Journal of Information Technology
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.51-67
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    • 1999
  • This study investigates the effect of information about risk on investment decision making. The model was constructed with two independent variables and two dependant variables. The first independent variable deals with whether information about risk is provided or not. The meaning of information about risk is the degree of uncertainty for investment decision making. The other independent variable involves attitude toward risk, such as the degree of tolerance for risk. Two dependant variables are concerned with the effect on investment decision making, such as the degree of riskiness of decision making and decision confidence, respectively. This study deals with the investment decision in options on stock indices. The findings of this study are as follows. The more the degree of tolerance for risk, the more the degree of decision confidence. This means that risk-taker has more desire for achievement than risk-avoider has. And the message alerting risk of investment decision making takes little effect on investment decision making.

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Factors Related with the Intention of Smoking Abstinence among Elementary Students in a Large City (일부 대도시 초등학생의 금연의지와의 관련 요인)

  • Park, Soon-Woo
    • Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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    • v.22 no.1
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    • pp.49-59
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    • 2009
  • Purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the factors related with the intention of smoking abstinence among elementary students in a metropolitan city in Korea. Methods: All the elementary schools in the city were stratified by region, and then schools as a primary sampling units (PSU) were selected by probability proportional to size (PPS) sampling. One class per grade was sampled randomly from 5th and 6th grade in the sampled schools from October to December in 2004. The students completed a standardized self-administered questionnaire anonymously. A total number of 1,712 respondents who did not smoke was included in the final analysis. The dependent variable was an intention of smoking in the future, and it was dichotomized into 'absolutely confident in smoking abstinence' and 'others'. The risk of non-absolute confidence in smoking abstinence was calculated with simple and multiple logistic regression, which were conducted with STATA 9.0 by a design-based analysis considering strata variable, PSU, and sampling weight. Results: In the final model of multiple logistic regression analysis, those who were more likely to have non-absolute confidence in smoking abstinence were male students (OR=2.66, p<0.001); barely attending religious services (OR=3.32, p=0.002) or having no religion (OR=1.95, p=0.027); exposure to environmental tobacco smoke outside home 1${\sim}$2 days per week (OR=1.60, p=0.013); having friends who smoked (OR=1.93, p=0.011); non-absolute confidence in refusing to smoke (OR=5.35, p<0.001); having relatively less negative attitude (OR=2.88, p<0.001), positive attitude (OR=2.35, p<0.001), and indifference (OR=4.05, p=0.034) toward peer smoking; not good relationship with mother (OR=1.52, p=0.016). Conclusion: The factors related with non-absolute confidence in smoking abstinence were coincided with those of smoking among children. The results of this study suggest the smoking prevention education should be applied to the children more actively, especially who are not confident in smoking abstinence in the future.

A Study of Attitudes Toward Suicide Report among Individuals with and without Suicidal Thoughts and Suicide Attempts (자살 사고와 자살 시도가 있거나 없는 개인의 자살 보도에 대한 태도 연구)

  • Koh, Kyoung-Nam;Lee, Sang-Uk;Park, Jong-Ik
    • Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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    • v.27 no.1
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    • pp.9-17
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    • 2020
  • Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate the interest level, perception and attitude of suicide high-risk group toward the media's suicide report, and also to provide the fundamental data in order to strengthen both the standard and the recommendation of media coverage in Korea. Methods We analyzed the data from the 2013 The Korea National Suicide Survey. The study included 1500 participants aged between 19 and 75 years. The participants were selected through the regional multi-layer stratification method using the sampling frame of the 2010 Census. One-on-one face-to-face interviews investigated the interest level, opinions, and attitudes toward suicide reports and collected data on past suicide history and demographic data. The collected data were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis. A probability level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The suicide high risk groups with histories of suicidal ideations or attempts showed more interest in suicidal reports [suicidal thought odds ratio (OR) = 1.81, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.40-2.34 ; suicidal attempt OR = 3.21, 95% Cl = 1.52-6.78]. However, there was no difference among the groups in thought that suicide reports incite suicide (suicidal thought OR = 1.26, 95% Cl = 0.92-1.73 ; suicidal attempt OR = 0.96, 95% Cl = 0.44-2.09). The suicide high risk groups showed a positive attitude toward suicide reports, but it was not statistically significant (suicidal thought OR = 1.10, 95% Cl = 0.41-2.92 ; suicidal attempt OR = 1.10, 95% Cl = 0.76-1.59). Conclusions We suggest the need of careful attitude of media suicidal reports not to bring about copycat suicides. and also we offer suicide prevention campaign based on media leverage.

Factors Related to Smoking Behavior among High School Students (일 지역 고등학생의 흡연경험 관련 요인)

  • Choi, Won-Hee;Je, Mi-Soon;Lee, Sam-Soon
    • Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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    • v.24 no.2
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    • pp.226-236
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: The study investigated factors related to the smoking behavior among 639 high school students in Geoje, Korea. Methods: Data collected by self-reported questionnaires was analyzed by the SPSS WIN 14.0 program with Chi-test, t-test, and multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Smoking behavior differed by gender (p=.002), school type (p=.001), experience with alcohol consumption (p=.005), family harmony (p=.003), father's smoking (p=.001), academic achievement (p=.010), self-esteem (p=.010), stress (p=.004), and attitude to smoking (p=.0001). Smoking behavior was significantly associated with gender (odds ratio (OR)=0.66, 95% confidence interval (CI)=0.46-0.95), school type (OR=1.52, 95% CI=1.03-2.23), experience with alcohol consumption (OR=0.56, 95%CI= 0.39-0.82), academic achievement (OR=1.98, 95-I=1.20-3.29), attitude to smoking (OR= 0.76, 95%CI=0.69-0.84) and father's smoking (OR=1.59, 95%CI=1.11-2.29). Conclusion: Anti-smoking programs for high school students should especially consider those at higher risk (males in vocational high school with no drinking experience of drinking, lower academic achievement, favorable attitude to smoking, and whose fathers smoke). Community efforts to reduce adult smoking would be advantageous.

Effects of Obesity, Body Image Dissatisfaction and Dietary Habits on the Risk of Disturbed Eating Attitudes among High School Students in Gyunggi Province, Korea (경기지역 일부 남녀 고등학생의 비만도, 체형불만족도 및 식습관이 식사장애 위험도에 미치는 영향)

  • Yim, Kyeong-Sook
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.15 no.5
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    • pp.656-669
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    • 2010
  • Rapid shift to western dietary patterns and social drive of thinness would lead to increase the likelihood of developing eating disorders. This study was performed to analyze the associated factors between dietary pattern and self visualization in terms of body shape, which may increase the risk of disturbed eating attitudes among high school students in Korea. A cross-sectional study was conducted from 2009 to 2010 for high school students including both male and female students, from 6 schools in Gyunggi Province, Korea. A total of 766 students self-reported a questionnaire, including weight control practice, perceptions of self body image and ideal body image, dietary habit, and EAT-26 (Eating Attitude Test-26). Logistic regression analysis was used to fine the factors potentially associated with disturbed eating attitudes. Statistical analysis was conducted using SAS program (version 9.1). Results showed that disturbed eating attitudes were found in 8.7% of male high school students, and in 20.8% of female high school students. Experience of body weight control was reported by 56.2% of male students and by 87.3% of female students. According to multiple logistic regression analysis, obesity was independently associated with high risk of disturbed eating attitudes in male students [Odds Ratios (OR) 2.96, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.90-9.71]. Body image dissatisfaction (OR 2.77, 95%CI 1.37-5.62) and extended family type (OR 2.70, 95%CI 1.05-6.90) were independently associated with high risk of disturbed eating attitudes, especially in female students. In conclusion, proper efforts in education for obesity and developing self-esteem to reduce the risks of disturbed eating attitudes should be implemented in high school nutrition program.