• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.214-217
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• 2003

The connectorless power supply system on that multi-contact causes confidence when the wiring reconstructed in the rear. As you see above, contact points between sets and indoor space cause inferior function of audio frequency so it needs to be eliminated. This paper explains the structure of connectorless power supply to supply the system with power crossing the air gap in the part of inductively in the connectorless power supply of both magnetic and electrical model. To get maximum output of electrical load, compensating capacitor compensates to show inter-inductance, lequeage-inductance reducing the track-inductance and access the conditions for resonance. At that time it accesses the maximum electric power. The small change of the value of compensating capacitor causes the changes of maximum electric power. Here the power electronics technology is used not only in the industrial machinery but also in the home appliances so the switching power supply is used to actualize the miniaturization, lightweight, and high efficiency. Generally the condenser input methods are widely used in the rectification circuit of switching power supply, but condenser input method generate great quantity of high frequency components because with this method the current flows in the power input filtering condenser only around value of peak of ac input voltage. To solve these problems, installation of power factor improve circuit on the front of filtering capacitence was considered. Several methods were suggested regarding, but the active filter method which makes smalliging and highly power factor possible are the produce main stream. IC for power factor improvement can be utilized by CMOS process proposing low power consumption. When the high power factor is considered seriously in the power factor improvement circuit, active filter method is selected. In the active filter method, the boost converter is used. Regarding this ·the boost converter is needed.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2017

Background: South Korea has experienced problems with excessive pharmaceutical expenditures. In 2010, the South Korean government introduced an outpatient prescription incentive program to effectively manage pharmaceutical expenditures. Therefore, we examined the relationship between the outpatient prescription incentive program and pharmaceutical expenditures. Methods: We used data from the Korean National Health Insurance claims database, which included medical claims filed for 22,732 clinics from 2011-2014 to evaluate associated pharmaceutical expenditures. We performed multiple regression analysis and Poisson regression analysis using generalized estimating equation models to examine the associations between outpatient prescription incentives and the outcome variables. Results: The data used in this study consisted of 123,392 cases from 22,372 clinics (average 5.4 periods follow-up). Clinics that had received outpatient prescription incentives in the last period had better cost saving and Outpatient Prescribing Costliness Index (OPCI) (received: proportion of cost saving, ${\beta}=6.8179$; p-value < 0.0001; OPCI, ${\beta}=-0.0227$; p-value < 0.0001; reference = non-received). Moreover, these clinics had higher risk in the provision of outpatient prescription incentive (relative risk, 2.772; 95% confidence interval, 2.720 to 2.824). The associations were higher in clinics that had separate prescribing and dispensing programs, or had professional staff. Conclusion: The introduction of an outpatient prescription incentive program for clinics effectively managed problems with rapid increases of pharmaceutical expenditures in South Korea. However, the pharmaceutical expenditures still increased in spite of the positive impact of the outpatient prescription incentive program. Therefore, healthcare professionals and health policy makers should develop more effective alternatives (i.e., for clinics without separate prescribing and dispensing programs) based on our results.

• Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 2012

With regard to the culture in cities this study aims to essential understanding and systematic approach to the culture. The "2011 Seoul Survey"report has been used to find out causality among the related variables. In the first place 'satisfaction of cultural condition' was operationally selected as a dependent variable for regression. For the purpose of controlling confounding factors for ceteris paribus effect correlation analysis was done between the dependent variable and all other variables respectively, which resulted in two groups of variables: group (1) - 6 variables of very significant correlations(p-value<0.01) and (2) - the other 6 variables of significant correlations(p-value<0.05). Then hierarchical regression was adopted to these 2 groups to analyse $R^2$ increment, statistical significance of independent variables, and multicollinearity(VIF; variance inflation factor). At last a regression model specified by group (1) as independent variables(they are 'social trust', 'satisfaction of walking condition', 'happiness index', 'preparation against old age', 'satisfaction of traffic condition' and 'hours for internet') shows that only 'social trust' variable has statistically significant and substantially strong effect on 'satisfaction of cultural condition.' This finding should be accepted on the following understanding; (1) urban culture has a collective attribute formed between people and society, (2) culture is somewhat telling and hearing stories and the confidence between tellers and hearers is essential in the mutual response and (3) stimulus is received by relationship in company with sense, emotion, thinking and action. In spite of restrictive external validity this finding can be used as a direction for promoting culture and a basis for related policy choice in cities.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.253-260
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• 2011

This study was performed to investigate the physical, chemical and microbial characteristics of Gwamegi to provide basic data for the standardization of marine processed foods and for the improvement of the quality of commercial Gwamegi. The acid values of commercial Gwamegi were 5.8, 5.3 and 5.2 mg KOH/g for fillet type (F-type), "two divide" type (T-type) and whole type (W-type), respectively, and the peroxide values were 51.6, 51.5 and 53.2 meq/kg for each. There was a positive correlation between the acid value and the peroxide value (r=0.555) at confidence intervals (CI) of 99%. Trimethylamine (TMA) content of F-type, T-type and W-type products were 2.9, 2.6 and 3.6 mg%, respectively, while volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) contents were 22.4, 21.5 and 21.8 mg%. There was a strong positive correlation between TMA and VBN (r=0.961) at a CI of 99%. The histamine content was detected to be as much as 122 mg/kg, with about 36 % of the samples exceeding the CODEX criteria for histamine of 100 mg/kg. The total microbial count of 4 products exceeded 5 Log CFU/g and coliform group of 11 products exceeded the criteria of less than 1 Log CFU/g. Staphylococcus aureus in 27% of the samples exceeded the criteria of less than 2 Log CFU/g.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.61.1-61.1
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• 2014

GSH 006-15+7 is a Milky Way supershell discovered by Moss et al. (2012). This supershell shows large shell-like structures in H I velocity maps. We have analyzed FUV emission for the supershell regions based on the FIMS and GALEX observations. Bright FUV flux at the boundaries of the supershell is mostly originated from dust scattering of FUV photons by dust clouds which was also observed at the boundaries of the supershell. We could find the distance to the supershell can be closer more than 30% compared with the distance of 1500 pc suggested by Moss et al. (2012) from the dust scattering simulation. And we also found the albedo and the phase function asymmetry factor of interstellar grains were 0.30 and 0.40, respectively. The confidence range for the albedo covers the theoretical value of 0.40, but g-factor is rather smaller than the theoretical value of 0.65. The small g-factor might mean the environment of turbulent ISM of the supershell. Meanwhile, the excess of C IV and X-ray emissions in the inside of the supershell can support the existence of hot gas and cooling in the supershell. And the C IV and X-ray emissions are monotonically decrease as away from the center of the SNR. This indicates the size of the hot bubble has considerably shrunk. We applied a simple simulation model to the PDR candidate region of the lower part of the supershell and obtained a H2 column density N(H2) = 1017.0-18.0 cm-2 and total hydrogen density nH ${\geq}$ 10 cm-3. This result shows the PDR candidate region represents a transition region from the warm phase to the cool phase in the PDR.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.131-139
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• 2003

The products of the quality certificated fisheries which are protected from environmental pollution, decomposition are hygienically safe and convenient for food. However, consumers have not yet understood the recognition of the system of quality certfication so far because of lack of demand on the quality certification fisheries. Above all, to put the system of the quality QC in place sucessfully, to understand the variation of consumer's inclination efficiently, the empirical study must be carried out by both consumer's take part in the market of the quality certificated fisheries products and how much the amount of consumption is in this market. The purpose of this study, under the preconditions where these have limited fisheries items in consumer's inclination survey, is to analyze the demand of QC though the Double Hurdle Model. Explanatory variables included were household characteristics such as housewives' age and education, her job, household income as well as their health perceptions and food purchase behaviors. Survey from 530 household was collected in Pusan City in 2003, of 502 were actually used for empirical analysis. The Double-hurdle framework proved to a better representation of the factors influencing the separate decision participation and consumption levels. According to the results of this study, whether or not, participating In the market of quality certicipating in the market of qualify certificated fisheries products is affected by how much experience and confidence these have got. housewives' having a job or not. Furthermore, the amount of consumption is mostly affected income. This value is attributed to the safety of QC fisheries products in comparison with regular fisheries. Findings suggest that the consumers put substantially high monetary value on safe food, such as high quality fisheries products. Therefore, first of all, legal and institutional systems should be clearly and strictly identified for the QC products.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2020

Background: The median nerve cross-sectional area (MNCSA) is a useful morphological parameter for the evaluation of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). However, there have been limited studies investigating the anatomical basis of median nerve flattening. Thus, to evaluate the connection between median nerve flattening and CTS, we carried out a measurement of the median nerve thickness (MNT). Methods: Both MNCSA and MNT measurement tools were collected from 20 patients with CTS, and from 20 control individuals who underwent carpal tunnel magnetic resonance imaging (CTMRI). We measured the MNCSA and MNT at the level of the hook of hamate on CTMRI. The MNCSA was measured on the transverse angled sections through the whole area. The MNT was measured based on the most compressed MNT. Results: The mean MNCSA was 9.01 ± 1.94 ㎟ in the control group and 6.58 ± 1.75 ㎟ in the CTS group. The mean MNT was 2.18 ± 0.39 mm in the control group and 1.43 ± 0.28 mm in the CTS group. Receiver operating characteristics curve analysis demonstrated that the optimal cut-off value for the MNCSA was 7.72 ㎟, with 75.0% sensitivity, 75.0% specificity, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.69-0.95). The best cut off-threshold of the MNT was 1.76 mm, with 85% sensitivity, 85% specificity, and an AUC of 0.94 (95% CI, 0.87-1.00). Conclusions: Even though both MNCSA and MNT were significantly associated with CTS, MNT was identified as a more suitable measurement parameter.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.61-70
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• 2004

This study is focused on user awareness of avatar character in the cyber space. The purpose of this study is to investigate user preference toward avatar and test their awareness on it. The awareness of avatar is based on the applied degree of self-awareness, and also analyzed by factors using 3 elements such as loyalty, value and confidence in Maurice Wagner's study but self-projection was added to these three variables. The result shows that there is no significant statistical difference among response groups for age and sex classification but the preference and the value variables are significantly dependent on sex and age, respectively. There are strong correlation among each response variables for the awareness of avatar character and the loyalty and the preference variables are mostly correlated. The regression analysis shows that the preference of avatar is mostly affected by loyalty and thus the self awareness of avatar in the Cyberspace is proportional to user preference. It is shown that users do not awareness an avatar as a visual image but identify their avatar as an another selfness since they project themselves into those avatars.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.330-335
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• 2013

Data are limited on the association between dietary patterns and screen time among Korean adolescents. The present study identified dietary patterns of 691 adolescents, aged 13-18 years, who had participated in the Third Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES III) and analyzed their associations with screen time. Screen time was defined as the time spent watching TV, using a computer, or playing video games was calculated as a sum of all these times. Dietary patterns and their factor scores were derived from a food frequency questionnaire using the factor analysis method. To analyze the association between dietary patterns and screen time, we conducted multiple linear regression analysis. We also performed multiple logistic regression analysis to estimate odds ratios (OR) of excessive screen time (2 hours or longer per day) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). We identified 2 dietary patterns labeled "the Korean healthy dietary pattern" and "the Western diet and fast foods pattern". The former included mixed grains, legumes, potatoes, red meat, eggs, fish, dairy products, fruits, vegetables, seaweeds, and mushrooms, whereas the latter included noodles, bread, red meat, poultry, fast foods, snack, and soft drinks. After controlling for potential confounding factors, factor scores for the Korean healthy dietary pattern were inversely associated (P-value for trend < 0.01) and those for the Western diet and fast foods pattern were positively associated with the screen time (P-value for trend < 0.01). Adolescents in the top tertile of the scores for the Korean healthy dietary pattern had a multivariable-adjusted OR [95% CI] of 0.44 (0.25-0.75) for excessive screen time compared with those in the lowest tertile. On the basis of these findings, adolescents who have excessive screen time may need to be encouraged to consume a more healthy diet.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.15-25
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• 2013

In this study, two kinds of soil-based proficiency testing materials (PTMs), NICE-012L and NICE-012R were prepared and certified for Benzen, Toluene, Etylbenzene and Xylene with evaluation of uncertainties. In order to analyse BTEX (Benzen Toluene Etylbenzene Xylene) for the candidate materials, GC/MS was used after pretreatment according to methods of soil analysis by Ministry of Environment. For the homogeneity test among bottles in terms of candidate materials, ISO 13528 and IUPAC Protocol were used and according to the result, both candidate materials showed sufficient homogeneity. Also, the stability test over the candidate materials was accessed according to the ISO Guide 35 by classifying short-term and long-term stability and the result showed that both candidate materials showed decent stability. The reference values of the two candidate materials depending on BTEX components were derived from the average of the 11 samples that were used for verification of the samples' homogeneity. Uncertainty of measurement was combined by uchar that was caused by a characteristic value, $u_{bb}$ that was caused by between-bottle homogeneity, and $u_{stab}$ that was caused by stability, and then combined uncertainty ($u_{PTM}$) was multiplied to the coverage factor (k) derived from the effective degree of freedom from each factor that leads to expanded uncertainty (U) in about 95% of confidence level. The proficiency testing materials developed through this study were supplied to National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) and utilized as an external proficiency testing materials for evaluating analysis capacity of soil agencies with specialty in terms of soil analysis approved by Minister of Environment.