• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.310-315
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• 2017

Although studies evaluating the effects of the blasting vibration on the adjacent structures from various angles have continued, cases of securing the safety of the adjacent buildings and researching the proper blasting method for the field condition by analyzing the vibration waveform of the measuring field while performing the open pit blasting are poor. Therefore, it is necessary to present a remedy for blasting pattern selection through test blasting that is appropriate for field conditions, and is economical and efficient. In this study, open pit blasting work was conducted based on the separation distance applied according to the standard blasting method by test blasting and the vibration regulation standard in the road expansion construction site to measure the blasting vibration value, and the vibration prediction equation by blasting methods was examined using a regression analysis computer program to calculate K, N, and R of the confidence level 95%. By setting the blasting allowed vibration standard of the test blasting target area to 0.3cm/sec, and the charring weight and blasting method by the separation distances according to the blasting vibration estimation equation of the open pit blasting guideline and the blasting vibration estimation equation of the test blasting were compared/analyzed, it was possible to identify the factors that increased the working expenses. In addition, the measurement and analysis of the adjacent structures during open pit blasting and the blasting vibration were performed after selecting the most adjacent structure to the open pit blasting spot to analyze the problems on the test blasting procedure and analysis method in the open pit blasting design/construction guidelines, which appeared in the process of completing open pit blasting construction, and a remedy is presented.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.105-114
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• 2017

Purpose - Recently, domestic pharmaceutical market is growing steadily, but top-tier companies are concentrating on sales growth. In this market, SMEs, which account for more than 80% of the entire market, suffer from the problem of lower margins and increasing inventory costs. According to the government's policy changes related to pharmaceuticals, it is pointed out that the management of existing customers and the control of salespeople are important issues for pharmaceutical companies. This study investigates the effect of the control system on the salesperson in domestic pharmaceutical distribution channel on customer-oriented selling behaviors and sales performance. Research design, data, and methodology - To verify the proposed research model and test hypotheses, the authors selected 244 MR(medical representatives)'s responses which have currently relationship with doctors or pharmacists. This study carefully investigated the reliability, content validity, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the proposed model. Results - The authors find out the following results: capacity control, activity control, and self control have positive effects on customer-oriented selling behaviors and customer-oriented selling behaviors have a positive effect on sales performance. In addition, we present alternative model to check the direct effect between the control systems and the sales performance, but control system factors except self control have no direct influence. Conclusions - First of all, competency control and activity control increases the customer-oriented selling behavior of the salesperson. This means that the salesperson's sales skill, negotiation skill, customer access skill, presentation ability, monitoring, direction and evaluation are important and it is also important to control activities to check the number of visits to customers, report preparation, and customer service etiquette. Second, the fact that self-control of salesperson affects the customer-oriented selling behavior suggests that self-control is not controlled by external factors but rather establishes short/long-term goals. Therefore, it is important for sales organization to create an environment in which members can induce persistent incentives for self-control. Finally, output control did not affect customer-oriented sales behavior, which is less likely to form confidence or motivation to MRs when output control is perceived as a means of monitoring, supervising, or controlling rather than providing information to salespeople.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1141-1149
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• 2009

In Bone Mineral Density(BMD) measurements, accuracy and precision must be superior in order to know the small changes in bone mineral density and actual biological changes. Therefore the purpose of this study is to increase the reliability of bone mineral density inspection through appropriate management of image quality from machines and inspectors. For the machine management method, the recommended phantom from each bone mineral density machine manufacturer was used to take 10~25 measurements to determine the standard amount and permitted limit. On each inspection day, measurements were taken everyday or at least three times per week to verify the whether or not change existed in the amount of actual bone mineral density. Also evaluations following Shewhart control chart and CUSUM control chart rules were made for the bone mineral density figures from the phantoms used for measurements. Various forms of management became necessary for machine installation and movement. For the management methods of inspectors, evaluation of the measurement precision was conducted by testing the reproducibility of the exact same figures without any real biological changes occurring during reinspection. There were two measurement methods followed: patients were either measured twice with 30 measurements or three times with 15 measurements. An important point to make regarding measurements is that after the first inspection and any other inspection following, the patient was required to come off the inspection table completely and then get back on for any further measurements. With a 95% confidence level, the precision error produced from the measurement bone mineral figures produced a precision error of 2.77 times the minimum of the biological bone mineral density change (Least significant change: LSC). In order to assure reliability in inspection, there needs to be good oversight of machine management and measurer for machine operation and inspection error. Accuracy error in machines needs to be reduced to under 1% for scientific development in bone mineral density machines.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2015

Purpose: Maximizing human comfort in design of medical environments depends immensely on specialized architects particularly critical care design; the study proposes Evidence-Based Design as an apparent analog to Evidence-Based Medicine. Healthcare facility designs are substantially based on the findings of study in an effort to design environments that augment care by improving patient safety and being therapeutic. On SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) t-test is applied to simulate two independent variables of PDR (Pre Design-Research) and POE (Post- Occupancy Evaluation). PDR is conducted on relatively new hospital Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital to analyse visibility from researchers' point of view, here the ICU is arranged in I-Shape. POE is applied on Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital to simulate walking on LogWare where two NS are designed based on L- Shape and Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea where five NS are functional for ICU Intensive Care Unit, Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Medical Intensive Care Unit (MICU), Critical Care Unit (CCU), Korean Oriental Medical Care Unit which are mostly arranged in U-Shape, and walking pattern is recognized to be in a zigzag path. Method: T-Test is applied on two dependent communication variables: walkability and visibility, with confidence interval of 95%. This study systematically analyses the Nurse Station (NS) typo-morphology, and simulates nurse horizontal circulation, by computing round route visits to patient's bed, then estimating minimum round route on LogWare stop sequence software. The visual connectivity is measured on depth map graphs. Hence the aim is to reduce staff stress and fatigue for better patients care by minimizing staff horizontal travel time and to facilitate nurse walk path and support space distribution by increasing effectiveness in delivering care. Result: Applying visibility graph and isovist field on space syntax on I- Shape, L- Shape and U- Shape ICU (SICU, MICU and CCU) configuration, I-shape facilitated 20% more patients in linear view as they stir to rise from their beds from nurse station compared to U-shape. In conclusion, it was proved that U-Shape supply minimum walking and maximum visibility; and L shape provides just visibility as the nurse is at pivot. I shape provides panoramic view from the Nurse Station but very rigorous walking.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.154-160
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• 2018

This thesis aims to develop PBL (Problem-Based-Learning) problems. Its goal is for some groups of students to creative their own problems and to confirm the effectiveness of PBL as they apply it to AI (Artificial Intelligence) in engineering schools. Modern industrial society needs competent people who have abilities in cooperative learning, self-controlled learning, united knowledge application, and creative problem-solving. Universities need to offer their students the opportunity to improve their problem-solving and cooperative learning abilities in order to train the competent people that society demands. PBL activity is an appropriate learning method for the accomplishment of these goals. The study subjects are 37 sophomore students in H University who are studying 'AI'. Five PBL problems were submitted to the class over a period of 15 weeks. The students wrote and submitted a reflective journal after they finished each PBL activity. In addition, they filled out a class evaluation form to assess the performances of each member when the $5^{th}$ PBL problem activity was accomplished. The study shows that the students experienced the effectiveness of PBL in many fields, such as the comprehension of the studied contents (86.48%), comprehension of cooperative learning (94.59%), authentic experience (75.67%), problem-solving skills (89.18%), presentation skills (97.29%), creativity improvement (81.08%), knowledge acquisition ability (86.48%), communication ability (97.29%), united knowledge application (78.37%), self-directed study ability (86.48%) and confidence (97.29%). Through these methods, the students were able to realize that PBL learning activities play an important role in their learning. These methods prepare and enhance their ability to think creatively, work systematically and speak confidently as they learn to become competitive engineers equipped with the knowledge and skills that modern industrial society demands.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.513-523
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to examine how career decision-making self-efficacy and ego-resilience of college students after military service influence college life adjustment. For this purpose, the questionnaire was administered to 234 male college students who returned to the four-year university in Jeonbuk area. The collected data were analyzed by correlation analysis and hierarchical regression using SPSS 18.0. As a result of examining the correlation between each variables, the subscale adaptation of college life adjustment and university environment adaptation showed a positive correlation with the goal selection of career decision self-efficacy and optimistic attitude of ego-resilience. Future plan of career decision-making self-efficacy, optimistic attitude of ego-resilience and personal-emotional adaptation of college life adaptation showed a positive correlation between self-evaluation of career decision self-efficacy and self-resilience confidence. As a result of hierarchical regression analysis, it was found that ego-resilience had more influence on college life adjustment than career decision self-efficacy. The limitations of this study were discussed along with the significance of this study, which was revealed through data collection only for students who came back after military service.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.307-319
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there are differences in the verbal interactions of earth science gifted depending on their communications structures and group status in small group activities. To this end, a small group activity was conducted to measure the density of the earth, and 8 small groups were selected, including 4 co-ownership type and 4 monopolistics type groups with different communication structures. And then, the framework was developed for analyzing verbal interactions to compare the differences in characteristics between small groups. The results are as follows. First, regardless of the communication structures, there were showing a simple pingpong-type communication structures for all small groups. Second, negative interactions such as 'restraint', 'command', 'complaint', and 'lack of confidence' predominantly appeared in all small groups. Third, the students in the status of out-lookers in small groups were mainly verbal interactions, such as instructing the other person, acting against the other person's actions, and expressing dissatisfaction with the attitudes and abilities of members. Therefore, teachers should guide students to use higher-level verbal interactions in their group activities in small group activities, and engage in students communication to prevent negative interactions from occurring. The teachers also need to check the level of achievement for students in the status of out-lookers in advance and guide them to participate more actively in small group activities. This study is meaningful in that it can be sued to design teaching and learning to improve students' problem solving and communication skills.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.552-566
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• 2010

This paper is an in-depth case study to analyze integrated elementary science lesson planning and practical teaching by two teachers at an urban elementary schools. One is an experienced teacher and the other is a beginning teacher. For this study, researchers asked teachers to design 5 stages of lesson planning after sharing basic theories about the integrated science education. The first of the 5 lesson planning stages is curriculum analysis and choice of integrated science topic. The second stage is constructing the frame of integrated science lesson contents, and the third is drawing a diagram of the integrated science lesson development. The fourth stage is making a table of lesson plans, and the last stage is writing integrated science lesson plans. Then, the teachers implemented the lessons they created. They taught students one unit of science which is composed of 8 lessons. Difficulties that teachers meet during designing plans and integrated science class were analyzed. 5 staged lesson planning, video transcriptions, teacher interview about lesson planning and teaching, researchers' checklists, reports of inspection classes, teachers' self evaluation, and students interviews were used for this study. One of the significant results of this study is that both experienced and beginning teachers had many difficulties in deciding on time to teach and contents of science and other subjects, as well as selection and organization of whole topics of integrated science teaching. The beginning teacher especially had greater issues with developing definite teaching-learning strategy to conduct thoughts and views for integrated science at the whole unit and each lesson. However, the experienced teacher was using various teaching-learning strategies by utilizing integrated science teaching professionalism to develop students' integrated thinking ability during the instruction of other subjects. The outcomes of this study are that both teachers could deeply understand the need and value of integrated science education at the elementary school through planning and teaching 8 lessons, and that they could have self-confidence with development of teaching professionalism for integrated science teaching. It may be possible that this study could help the development of pre- and in-service program for improvement of integrated science teaching professionalism for elementary school teacher.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.117-129
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• 2013

Background: This study was carried out for the purpose of comprehensively evaluating the mercury exposure level of residents in several areas and the correlation between hair mercury concentration and blood mercury concentration. Method: One thousand one hundred ninety seven subjects were sampled from 30 sites using random assignment sampling. We performed a questionnaire survey and measured the level of total mercury in hair and blood samples from all subjects. Results: The geometric mean concentrations of hair and blood mercury in all subjects were 1.27 mg/kg [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.23-1.32 mg/kg] and 5.24 ${\mu}g/L$ [95% CI: 5.07-5.41 ${\mu}g/L$], respectively. Male (1.56 mg/kg in hair, 6.00 ${\mu}g/L$ in blood) was significantly higher than that of female (1.03 mg/kg in hair, 4.56 ${\mu}g/L$ in blood), and the concentrations were elevated as age increased up to the 50s. Education, smoking, alcohol drinking, and using of pesticides were also shown to influence mercury concentrations in hair and blood. The ratio of hair/ blood mercury concentration was 261.3. The total mercury concentration in hair was identified to be significantly related with total mercury concentration in blood (r=0.814, p<0.001). Conclusion: The geometric mean concentrations of hair and blood mercury were higher than the levels provided in international recommendations. The total mercury concentration in hair was positively correlated with the concentration in blood. The results of this study suggest that hair mercury be considered as a useful tool for the evaluation of mercury exposure.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.311-318
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• 2019

We analyzed the preliminary survey data (2014-2016) of macrobenthic community biomass (n = 112) from the wind farm area located in the southern part of the west coast of Korea and compared this data with data from the entire west coast (n = 369; 2006-2008). Modal classes from frequency distributions were 6 times higher in the latter (5 vs. 32 g/㎡). The mean and median values of the latter were 1.3 and 1.7 times higher (mean, 20.7 vs. 27.8 g/㎡; median, 17.1 vs. 29.5 g/㎡), and the maximum value was 3.4 times higher. Mood's median test showed significant difference at p-value = 0.01. We estimated the biomass-to-depth relationships from each data set by using Akaike Information Criterion and regarded the non-overlap of the 95% confidence intervals as indicating significant difference. The biomass was different from a 10 m depth below, and 3 times higher in the west coast at around 20 m compared with the maximum depth of the wind farm area. A local event of catastrophic sedimentation ranging from 1 to 2 m was observed in the wind farm during winter surveys. This could be a probable source of the lower biomass, but information on biomass seasonality and a natural experimental approach seem to be needed for the conduct of further studies. This study is meaningful in that it provided the background to assess future changes by understanding the lower level of benthic productivity in the area. We expect this study will contribute to the preparation of measures that can remove or mitigate the source of the lower biomass and improve the productivity of fishery resources in the area.