• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2023

Despite regular vaccinations, equine influenza virus (EIV) and Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (strangles) are the cause of highly contagious respiratory infections in horses. Many recent studies have reported that the concurrent administration of two vaccines could simplify horse management and minimize veterinary expenses. However, there is little information available regarding the efficacy of concurrent vaccinations against EIV and strangles. In this study, we evaluated EIV-specific antibody responses following the single EIV vaccination with the recombinant viral-vectored EIV vaccine or concurrent vaccination with the EIV and inactivated strangles vaccines. Blood samples were collected at 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8 weeks post-immunization (wpi) from each group. EIV-specific antibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Both single and concurrent vaccination showed similar levels of EIV-specific serum immunoglobulin g (IgG) at 1 and 2 wpi. However, at 4 to 8 wpi, the EIV-only vaccination group showed significantly higher serum IgG levels than those from the concurrently vaccinated group. The HAI titers showed similar trends as the ELISA data, except at 8 wpi when both groups presented HAI titers with no significant differences. These data demonstrate that the concurrent vaccination against EIV and strangles could compromise the humoral immune response to equine influenza between vaccination intervals, which suggests the use of the consecutive vaccination protocol for EIV and strangles rather than concurrent vaccination.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권3호
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• pp.588-598
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• 2022

Despite vaccination, equine influenza virus (EIV) and equine herpesvirus (EHV) infections still cause highly contagious respiratory diseases in horses. Recently, concurrent vaccination with EIV and EHV was suggested as a new approach; however, there have been no reports of concurrent vaccination with recombinant canarypox EIV and inactivated EHV vaccines. In this study, we aimed to compare the EIV-specific immune responses induced by concurrent administrations of a recombinant canarypox EIV vaccine and an inactivated bivalent EHV vaccine with those induced by a single recombinant canarypox EIV vaccine in experimental horse and mouse models. Serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from immunized animals after vaccination. EIV-specific serum antibody levels, serum hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) titers, and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, HI assay, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Concurrent EIV and EHV vaccine administration significantly increased IFN-γ production, without compromising humoral responses. Our data demonstrate that concurrent vaccination with EIV and EHV vaccines can enhance EIV-specific cellular responses in horses.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.324-339
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to valuate the reliability and validity of the Korean version of the 5C Psychological Antecedents of Vaccination (K-5C) scale. Methods: The English version of the 5C scale was translated into Korean, following the World Health Organization guidelines. Data were collected from 316 community-dwelling adults. Content validity was evaluated using the content validity index, while construct validity was evaluated through confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity was examined by assessing the correlation with vaccination attitude, and concurrent validity was evaluated by examining the association with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination status. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were also evaluated. Results: Content validity results indicated an item-level content validity index ranging from .83 to 1, and scale-level content validity index, averaging method was .95. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the fit of the measurement model, comprising a five-factor structure with a 15-item questionnaire (RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .05, CFI = .97, TLI = .96). Convergent validity was acceptable with a significant correlation between each sub-scale of the 5C scale and vaccination attitude. In concurrent validity evaluation, confidence, constraints, and collective responsibility of the 5C scale were significant independent predictors of the current COVID-19 vaccination status. Cronbach's alpha for each subscale ranged from .78 to .88, and the intraclass correlation coefficient for each subscale ranged from .67 to .89. Conclusion: The Korean version of the 5C scale is a valid and reliable tool to assess the psychological antecedents of vaccination among Korean adults.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.193-198
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• 1988

모체이행항체가 있는 병아리에 생독과 사독 ND 백신을 동시접종 했을때 면역효과를 시험하기 위하여 국내에서 유통되고 있는 $B_1$과 LaSota의 2가지 생독백신과 Gel, Oil의 2가지 사독백신을 구입 1 일령에 각각 단독접종하거나 생독과 사독을 서로 다르게 조합하여 동시에 접종하였다. 생독백신은 백신제조회사에서 추천하는 1수분을 25${\mu}\ell$ 씩 한쪽눈에 적하 하였으며 사독은 0.3$m\ell$씩 경부피하에 접종하였다. HI 가를 주별로 8주까지 조사하였으며 방어율을 측정하기 위하여 4주와 8주에 강독으로 수당 $10^{5.3}$$ELD_{50}$씩 공격 접종하였다. 8개 시험군 중에서 .사독Oil백신과 생독을 동시에 접종한 군이 항체가와 방어율이 가장 높았다. 생독백신이나 Gel백신만 단독접종한 군은 방어율이 50%이하로 낮았으며 항체가도 4~5주 때 $2^2$이하로 하강하였다. 사독 Oil과 동시 접종한 생독백신으로서 $B_1$과 LaSota간에 는 방어율이나 항체가에서 차이를 인정할 수 없었다. 2가지 생독이 모두 Oil백신과 동시 접종했을 때 4주에서 방어율이 100%였으며 8주 때는 90-100%이었고 항체가도 $2^4$ 이상 8적까지 지적되었다. 동시접종해도 호흡기증상등의 부작용이나 증체율 저하 등의 현상은 볼 수 없었다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.251-264
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• 2021

Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) are the main viral contributors to bovine respiratory disease (BRD) with high mortality and morbidity. BRD control measures include vaccination that modulates immunological profiles reflected in blood cells, serum, and body secretions, such as milk. This study evaluated the immune responses to an inactivated BRD vaccine in lactating cows reared in a natural environment on a dairy farm. The cows were intramuscularly inoculated with the vaccine, and serum, blood, and milk were collected pre-and post-vaccination. Our study revealed a prominent increase in BRSV-specific antibodies both in serum and milk, while the change in BVDV-specific antibodies was insignificant. Serum interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6 levels significantly decreased, but this change was not reflected in milk. Evaluation of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) via RT-qPCR revealed downregulation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2). The concentrations of BRSV antibodies, BVDV antibodies, IL-2, and IL-17A in serum and milk were strongly correlated, implying a concurrent influence on both body fluids. Thus, immunological factors modulated as a result of vaccination generally measured in serum were reflected in milk, demonstrating the suitability of milk evaluation as an alternative approach for immunological observations. Furthermore, the correlation between BRSV antibodies and NOD2 and that between BVDV antibodies and toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR3, TLR4, and TLR5 imply the possible role of PRRs for the assessment of the immune response developed in immunized cows reared on the farm.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.297-318
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• 2021

Coccidiosis is a major parasitic disease in the poultry industry, with great economic implications worldwide. It is a ubiquitous protozoan infection caused by several species of the genus Eimeria (host-specific) that colonize and reproduce in the intestine of birds, ultimately altering the health and performance of the flock. At present, several methods are used to diagnose coccidiosis in poultry, including field and laboratory techniques (intestinal lesion scoring, oocyst counting in feces, and biochemical and molecular diagnosis). Traditionally, diagnosed flocks have been treated either by vaccination to improve the active immunity of the birds against coccidiosis or supplementation of prophylactic anticoccidials to ameliorate the deleterious effects of coccidiosis. However, these methods has certain drawbacks such as vaccine-induced coccidiosis, drug resistance, and residual drug accumulation in the host. Consequently, alternative safe anti-coccidial agents, including the use of phytogenic compounds, have been explored for preventing coccidiosis. Here, we provide a simple overview of the literature on poultry coccidiosis by focusing on the etiology, diagnostic practices, and preventive measures.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.49-66
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• 2022

최근 COVID-19 팬데믹으로 인하여 많은 국가에서 감염병 예방 디지털 증명서를 위한 시스템을 도입하여 활용하고 있지만, 이에 대한 국제표준이 없어 국가 간 호환성 있는 증명서 사용의 어려움이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 기존 QR 코드 방식의 증명서 제출과 무선 근거리 통신 방식의 증명서 제출 방식을 비교하고 보다 개선된 무선 근거리 통신 방식의 디지털 증명서 시스템을 제안한다. 제안 시스템은 분산ID 기반의 증명서 검증 정보를 블록체인에 저장하여 국가별로 상이한 증명서의 상호 운용 체계를 구축하는 감염병 예방 디지털 증명서 시스템이다. 블록체인 기반의 신뢰앵커는 증명서 위·변조 문제를 해결하고 증명서 발행자와 제출자의 신원을 보증하여 보안성을 향상 시킬 것이다. 아울러 제안 시스템은 한 번의 증명서 제출로 다수 증명서(백신 접종증명서, 회복증명서, 검사 증명서, 신분증 등)를 일괄 검증토록 하여 이용자 편의성을 제고할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2014

Purpose: Needlestick injuries (NSI) is the most frequent occupational hazard for healthcare personnel (HCP), and immediate report and adequate post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is essential in preventing occupational transmission of blood-borne pathogens. Methods: From June 2010 to October 2010, 544 NSI were reported through websites from 21 general hospitals in Korea. Among those, 499 cases of NSI were analyzed to identify the rate of follow-up treatment completion and for seroconversion. Results: 88.2% of the cases were completed with follow-up treatment, 8.8% of the NSI were not completed with follow-up treatment, and 5 cases were unavailable to trace. 4.2% cases of NSI required a hepatitis B vaccination concurrent with hepatitis B immunoglobulin. 41.1% of the cases and 31.1% of the cases needed to be tested for anti HCV and anti HIV, respectively. Prophylaxis medication for HIV was prescribed in 3 cases, and all cases completed required 1 month of medication. There was 1 case (0.2%) of seroconversion to HCV. Conclusion: The PEP completion rate was not satisfactory, and the importance of completion of PEP treatment should be emphasized through education and counseling. Also, a careful risk assessment is needed for HCP who are exposed to HCV or HIV.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2016

그 동안 다양한 병원체와 가와사끼병의 관련성이 제기되어 왔으나 아직 확실한 원인으로 증명된 것은 없다. 본 증례는 가와사끼병과 폐렴미코플라스마, 인플루엔자 감염이 동시에 병발한 환자를 소개한다. 27개월 남아가 발열과 기침, 콧물 등의 증상으로 내원하였다. 외래에서 인플루엔자 A 감염을 확인하고 oseltamivir를 복용하였으나 발열이 지속되고 경부 림프절 비대, 양측성 결막 충혈, 입술의 발적과 갈라짐, 딸기혀, BCG 접종 부위의 발진을 보였다. 이에 가와사끼병으로 진단하고 면역글로불린을 정맥주사 하였다. 환아는 혈청 항미코플라스마 IgM 항체가 양성이었고 비인두 도말 중합효소 연쇄반응 검사에서 폐렴미코플라스마 양성으로 나타났다. 본 증례와 더불어 가와사끼병과의 연관성이 거론되었던 병원체들을 살펴보고 가와사끼병의 병인에 대한 가설들을 고찰하여 가와사끼병의 증상이나 관상동맥 병변이 폐렴미코플라스마와 인플루엔자 뿐 아니라 다양한 감염에서 발생할 수 있을 것으로 예상하였다.