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http://dx.doi.org/10.14776/piv.2016.23.2.149

Kawasaki Disease with Influenza A Virus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae Infections: A Case Report and Review of Literature  

Moon, Hyeok Soo (Department of Pediatrics, Presbyterian Medical Center)
Huh, Jae Seong (Department of Pediatrics, Presbyterian Medical Center)
Kim, Mi Kyung (Department of Pediatrics, Presbyterian Medical Center)
Lambert, Mulakwa Morisho (Department of Pediatrics, Nyamibungu Referral Hospital)
Publication Information
Pediatric Infection and Vaccine / v.23, no.2, 2016 , pp. 149-154 More about this Journal
Abstract
Although an association of Kawasaki disease (KD) with infectious agents has been suggested, none have been proven to cause KD. In this case study, we present a case of KD with concurrent onset of influenza and Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infections. A 27-month-old boy presented with prolonged fever, cough, and rhinorrhea. During the initial testing, influenza A infection was identified, and he was treated with oseltamivir. Despite the antiviral therapy, the fever persisted, and he had cervical lymph node enlargement, bilateral conjunctival injection, fissured red lips, strawberry tongue, and erythematous skin lesions on the Bacillus Calmette-$Gu{\acute{e}}rin$ vaccination site. Thus, the patient was diagnosed with KD and was treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). The result of the initial antimycoplasma immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody testing and was positive, and an increased IgM titer from baseline was found in a repeat test. We reviewed the hypotheses on pathogens known to be associated with KD and the etiology of KD. Based on our findings, we suspect that symptoms of KD and coronary artery lesions can occur from various infections besides those caused by Mycoplasma species and influenza viruses.
Keywords
Kawasaki disease; Mycoplasma pneumoniae; Influenza A;
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