• 제목/요약/키워드: Conception Rates

검색결과 89건 처리시간 0.025초

인공수정 후 외인성 Progesterone과 Estradiol 병용 투여 및 Progesterone 단독 투여가 젖소의 번식 성적에 미치는 영향 (Reproductive Performance of Holstein Cattle Treated with Progesterone and Combination of Progesterone and Estradiol)

  • 백광수;이왕식;손준규;박수봉;박성재;김현섭;이현준;강석진;정경용;전병순;안병석
    • 한국수정란이식학회지
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    • 제22권2호
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    • pp.115-119
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구는 젖소에 있어서 인공수정 후 외인성 progesterone과 estradiol을 병용 투여하거나 progesterone을 단독 투여하는 경우에 젖소의 번식 성적에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 대조군, CIDR에서 estradiol 캡슐을 부착시킨 progesterone과 estradiol 병용 투여군(P4+E2군) 및 CIDR에서 estradiol 캡슐을 제거한 progesterone 단독 투여군(P4군)로 구분하여, 인공수정 후 14일째에 질내에 삽입한 후 삽입한 날로부터 7일째에 제거하였다. 수태된 개체에 대해서는 수태율을 분석하였고, 수태되지 않은 개체에 대해서는 수정 후 수태까지의 일수, 수태당종부 횟수, 수태가 되지 않은 경우의 차기 발정에 따른 발정강도 및 CIDR 삽입 기간 동안 및 제거한 후의 혈중 progesterone 농도를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. P4+E2군 및 P4군에 따른 수태율에 있어서는 대조군의 경우 15.4%였고, P4+E2군의 경우 60.0% 및 P4군 38.9%로 P4+E2군의 수태율이 가장 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 2. 혈청 중 P4 농도 측정을 위하여 처리 후 0일째(발정 주기 14일째), 2일째(발정 주기 15일째), 3일째(발정주기 17일째), 6일째(발정 주기 20일째), 8일째(발정 주기 1일째), 9일째(발정 주기 2일째), 10일째(발정 주기 3일째), 13일째(발정 주기 6일째)에 채혈하여 측정한 결과, 처리 후 8일째(발정주기 1일째), 9일째(발정주기 2일째) 및 13일째 (발정 주기 6일째)에는 P4+E2군이 대조군 비임신군 및 대조군 임신군에 비하여 유의적으로 높은 경향을 나타내었다.(p<0.05).

Oestrus Induction, Plasma Steroid Hormone Profiles and Fertility Response after CIDR and eCG Treatment in Acyclic Sahiwal Cows

  • Singh, Harpreet;Luthra, R.A.;Khar, S.K.;Nanda, Trilok
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제19권11호
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    • pp.1566-1573
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    • 2006
  • The study was conducted on 30 true acyclic Sahiwal cows (15 cows, ${\geq}90$ days postpartum; 15 postpubertal heifers, ${\geq}30$ months of age) and a similar 20 untreated controls (10 cows, 10 heifers). An 'Eazi' breed Controlled Internal Drug Release (CIDR) device (containing 1.38 g progesterone) was inserted intravaginally for 7 days (days 0 to 7) followed by 500 IU eCG i.m. at CIDR removal in all the treated animals. Heifers also received 5 mg oestradiol valerate i.m at CIDR insertion. The reproductive performance of these animals was recorded in terms of oestrus induction response, conception and pregnancy rates. Plasma progesterone ($P_4$) and oestradiol-$17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) profiles of 4 representative animals from each treatment group before, during and after CIDR treatment were also monitored. An oestrus induction response of 100% was observed in treated cows and heifers. The majority of cows (53.3%) and heifers (60%) were induced to oestrus within 24-36 and 36-48 h, respectively after CIDR withdrawal; with mean intervals of $44{\pm}3.18$ and $48{\pm}2.35h$, respectively. The conception rate at induced oestrus was higher in cows (40%) than heifers (20%). The final pregnancy rates after 2 subsequent oestruses were 80 and 60% in cows and heifers, respectively (overall 70% for all treated animals). In comparison, only 10% of control animals (2 cows only, 2/20) showed oestrus and become pregnant (10%) during theentire study period. The pretreatment (day 0) mean plasma P4 levels were statistically (p>0.05) similar in cows and heifers ($0.40{\pm}0.04$ and $0.49{\pm}0.11ng/ml$, respectively). The peak $P_4$ levels were observed on day 1 in cows ($13.94{\pm}1.41ng/ml$) and day 2 in heifers ($19.15{\pm}3.30ng/ml$) with a progressive decline up to the day of CIDR withdrawal ($3.35{\pm}0.92$ and $8.79{\pm}1.71ng/ml$, respectively). Mean $P_4$ levels on day 9 and 10 in cows and heifers did not differ significantly from their respective day 0 values and the lowest values were recorded on day 10 both in cows and heifers ($0.13{\pm}0.03$ and $0.14{\pm}0.02ng/ml$, respectively). Wide variations in individual pretreatment $E_2$ levels were observed both in the cows (range = 4-26, mean = $13.00{\pm}4.65pg/ml$) and heifers (range = 10-14, mean = $11.50{\pm}0.96pg/ml$). Thereafter also, $E_2$ levels in cows showed variation and reached a peak level ($53.50{\pm}2.99pg/ml$) on day 8. In heifers, peak mean $E_2$ level ($111.25{\pm}39.81pg/ml$) was recorded on day 1, followed by a non-significant decline on day 2, a significant fall on day 6 and a non-significant increase on day 9 and 10. However, mean $E_2$ levels on days 7 (p<0.05), 8 and 9 (p<0.01) were significantly higher in cows compared to heifers. The post-CIDR withdrawal mean highest $P_4$ and lowest $E_2$ levels coincided with the period when the majority of animals were induced to oestrus. CIDR and eCG treatment resulted in effective induction of oestrus with satisfactory pregnancy rates in true acyclic Sahiwal cows and heifers.

엘크 사슴의 계절에 따른 정액성상 변화, 정액 동결 및 인공수정에 관한 연구 (Study on Seasonal Variation in Semen Characteristics, Semen Cryopreservation and Artificial Insemination in Elk Deer)

  • 유재원;김인철;이장희;정경용;조규호;전기준;이성대;이종완;김창근
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제49권4호
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    • pp.443-450
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    • 2007
  • 본 연구에서는 엘크 사슴의 계절별 정액성상 변화, 동결정액의 융해 후 활력 및 발정동기화 후 인공수정 시간이 수태율에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 효율적인 인공수정 방법을 제시코자 시도하였다. 수사슴에서 정액의 연중 변화는 정액량, 정자 농도, 총 정자 수 및 정자 활력은 7월부터 급격히 증가 되어 정액량과 총 정자 수 및 정자 운동성은 10월에 최고치에 달했고, 정자 농도는 9월에 가장 많은 것으로 조사 되었다. 그 후 정액량, 정자농도, 총 정자 수 및 정자 운동성은 점진적으로 감소하여 정액 양, 정자 농도는 4~6월, 총 정자 수는 4~5월 및 정자 운동성은 6월에 최저 수준으로 감소하였다.번식계절(9~2월)과 비번식계절(3~8월)의 정자 농도, 총 정자 수 및 정자 운동성은 번식계절이 유의적으로 높게 조사되었다(P<0.05). 번식계절과 비번식계절에 채취한 정액의 동결과정 중에 정자 운동성의 결과는 채취 직후, 5℃냉각 후 및 동결 융해 후 활력이 번식계절이 높은 것으로 조사 되었다(P<0.05).인공수정 시간에 따른 수태율은 CIDR 제거 후 60시간에 인공수정 한 처리구가 수태율이 다른 시간들 보다 다소 높았으나 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다.이러한 연구 결과는 엘크 사슴에서 정액 생산과 인공수정을 수행함에 있어 유용한 자료로 이용 될 수 있으며, 발정동기화 후 호르몬 변화, 배란 및 수정 적기 등에 관한 연구가 추가적으로 수행되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

Reproductive Responses of Awassi Ewes Treated with either Naturally Occurring Progesterone or Synthetic Progestagen

  • Husein, Mustafa Q.;Kridli, Rami T.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제15권9호
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    • pp.1257-1262
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    • 2002
  • The objective was to identify the appropriate form of progesterone, which exhibits compact reproductive responses in Awassi ewes during mid to late seasonal anestrous period. Forty-eight Awassi ewes were randomly allocated into four groups to be treated with 60 mg medroxyprogesterone acetate (MAP), 30 mg fluorogestone acetate (FGA), 40 mg FGA, or 600 mg progesterone sponges. After a 12 day period, sponges were removed and ewes were administered i.m. with 600 IU PMSG (d 0, 0 h). Five harnessed Awassi rams were turned-in with the ewes to detect heat. Ewes were checked for breeding marks at 6 h intervals for 5 days. Blood samples were collected from all ewes for analysis of progesterone concentrations. Pretreatment (d -13 and -12) progesterone concentrations were ${\leq}0.2ng/mL$ among all ewes and were indicative of seasonal anestrous period. On d 0, progesterone concentrations were elevated to $1.4{\pm}0.1ng/mL$ in ewes received progesterone sponges only and were higher (p<0.0001) than those (${\leq}0.2ng/mL$) administered MAP or FGA sponges. Progesterone concentrations returned to their basal values of <0.2 ng/mL within 24 h of sponge removal and were similar (p>0.1) among all ewes. Incidence of estrus was similar (p>0.1) among the four groups and occurred in 75% (9/12), 82% (9/11), 67% (8/12) and 58% (7/12) of the ewes receiving MAP, 30 mg FGA, 40 mg FGA and progesterone sponges, respectively. Estrous responses occurred 14.7, 20 and 13.6 h earlier in progesterone-sponge-treated ewes than those of MAP- (p<0.04), 30 mg FGA- (p<0.01) and 40 mg FGA-treated (p=0.06) ewes, respectively. Induced estrus conception rates were 50% (6/12), 55% (6/11), 50% (6/12) and 42% (5/12), out of which 4/6, 4/6, 3/6 and 3/5 lambed 151 days following d 0, and were similar (p>0.1) among ewes of the four treatment groups. Ewes that returned to estrus 16 to 20 days following d 0 were 5/12, 5/11, 6/12 and 4/12 ewes treated with MAP, 30 mg FGA, 40 mg FGA and progesterone sponges, respectively, and all lambed 169 days later. Overall lambing rates were 75% (9/12), 82% (9/11), 75% (9/12) and 58% (7/12) ewes treated with MAP, 30 mg FGA, 40 mg FGA and progesterone sponges, respectively. Results demonstrate that applications of MAP, 30 mg FGA, 40 mg FGA and progesterone sponges Awassi ewes were equally effective in induction of estrus and tended to favor both types of FGA and MAP in overall lambing rates over progesterone sponges during the seasonal anestrous period.

뉴질랜드 (Palmerston North) 의 낙농 현황과 번식 및 번식장해에 관한 연구 (II) Palmerston North 지역의 낙농 번식현 황과 번식장해에 관한 조사 (Studies on Dairy Farming Status, Reproductive Efficiencies and Disorders in New Zealand (II) A Survey on Reproductive Efficiencies and Disorders in Palmerston North Area)

  • 김중계;맥도날드
    • 한국가축번식학회지
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    • 제24권1호
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    • pp.19-33
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    • 2000
  • New Zealand, Palmerston North 지역의 낙농가 80여 개 낙농가에 1998년 2월부터 1998년 7월까지 우편설문지에 의해 조사되었다. 주어진 질문항목은 1) General characteristics, 2) Milk yield 와 feed supplementary, 3) Reproductive efficiencies(14개 질의), 4) Reproductive disorders (12개 질의) 4개 항목을 포함하는 합계 43개의 질문을 내포하고 있었다. 낙농가의 웅답자 38농가 (47.5%)에서 회수된 질의문 4개 항목 중 3), 4) 항목에 해당되는 번식능력 향상을 위한 번식상황, 번식장해, 젖소의 일반적인 질환(대사질환 포함) 및 도태 등에 관한 조사결과를 집계분석하여 우리나라 낙농인 (특히 제주도)들에게 인식시키고, New Zealand 성적과 비교하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Palmers ton North 지역에서 인공수정만을 실행하고 있는 낙농가는 38농가 중 15농가 (39.5%)뿐이고 나머지 23농가(60.5%)는 임신율을 향상시키기 위하여 대부분 약 5∼6 마리의 종모우를 확보하고 있었다. 대부분의 농가는 대략 10월 20일경에서 12월 10일 까지 약 42일간 인공수정을 실시하고 그 후부터 익년 1월 19일까지 (약 42일) 종모우로 자연교미를 시도하고 있었다. 인공수정 개시 후 전체 종빈우 중 3주 동안에 발정 발현율이 84.7%, 6주에는 93.9%, 그리고 10주까지 약 97.9%의 발정두수가 포착되여 임신으로 유도되었다. 2. 미경산우의 첫발정 1월령, 첫수정 l월령 그리고 첫분만 1월령은 각각 대략 11.0, 15.4 과 24.7개월이었고, 임신까지의 수정회수는 약 1.4회였다. 또한 분만 후 발정재귀와 첫수정일은 각각 38,68일로 상당히 우리나라보다 빠른 성적을 보여주고 있었다. 3. 전체 수정두수에 있어서 송아지 분만율은 90.9%이고, 유산된 암소 1.6% 이었으며, 공태율은 7.4% 이었고, 사육규모두수가 증가됨으로써 분만율은 떨어졌으며, 공태율도 약간씩 낮아지는 경향을 보여 주었다. 4. 번식장해에 있어서 사산, 후산정체 그리고 분만장해는 각각 평균 5.3, 3.7, 5.5%로서 사육 규모에 따라서 차이를 볼 수 없었다. 5. 대사질병중 유열, 신경성강직, 케토시스 발생율은 각각 평균 3.6, 3.0, 1.0%로 사육규모 두수별 큰 차이가 없었다. 그리고 치료 대상 중에서 분만장해는 평균 3.1%, 유방염 발생은 6.7%로 높았으나, 사육규모가 커질수록 비율이 떨어지는 경향을 보여주었으며, 다리절음은 평균 8.6%로서 400두 이상 사육규모에서 10.1% 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 6. 낙농가에서 사육 중 도태두수는 평균 15.5%서 연령, 다리절음, 기타 질병에 따른 도태두수는 각각 평균 2.9, 1.8, 4.3%로 사유규모별 차이가 없었으나, 저우유생산량, 번식장해의 의한 도태두수는 각각 평균 4.3, 5.1%로 사육두수가 많아짐에 따라서 낮아지는 경향을 보여 주었다. 7. 우리나라에서 조사된 성적과 비교할 때 대체로 일반적인 번식효율과 분만장해는 양호하였으나, 발절음, 대사질환, 그리고 도태율 동은 New Zealand 에서 높은 수치를 보여 주었다.

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소와 돼지에서 발정관찰과 이상발정의 대책 (Observation of Estrus and Control of Abnormal Estrus in Cattle and Pig)

  • 김창근
    • 한국가축번식학회지
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.72-85
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    • 1983
  • This presentation firstly is discussed the characteristics of estrus, the time of first postpartum estrus, and the relative accurate of various estrus detection aids and secondly discussed the abnormalities of estrus and ovarian function and its control by treatment of exogenous hormones in cattle and pig. Longer estrus cycles as well as the shorter than 18 day cycles showed the lowered conception rates as compared to the normal cycles of 18 to 25 days. Other characteristics of est겨s such as duration of estrus, intensity of estrus and time of estrus are reviewed to affect fertility. The first postpartum ovulation and estrus in cows usually occurs about 20 to 30 days and 40 to 50 days after parturition, respectively. Irregularities in estrus cycle length have been conducted during early postpartum period. In sows, weaning is followed by ovulation and estrus although there is some individual variation. The most common method of estrus detection is direct visual observation on standing estrus behavior, but various aids of estrus detection have been empolyed with varying degree of effectiveness. The results from heat detector devices are about as accurate as twice-daily observation(about 90%). The abnormal estrus can be classified into three types; irregular or continuous estrus, silent estrus and anestrus. Cystic ovarian disease, follicular cysts and luteal cysts, is a serious cause of reproductive failure in cattle and pig. The follicular cysts are much more common than luteal cysts and the incidence of ovarian cysts in dairy cattle is higher than beef cattle and pig. The occurrences of ovarian cysts have been closely associated with levels of milk production, stages of postpartum period, nutritional levels and seasons. The luteal cysts and persistent corpora lutea are responsive to the luteolytic effects of the recently synthetic analogues of PGF2$\alpha$ in cows and sows and recently GnRH or LH-RH has been successfully used as a treatment for cows and sows with ovarian follicular cysts.

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Expression Patterns of Apoptosis, Adhesion and Immune related Proteins in Uterine Endometrium with Normal Ovarian Follicles and Ovarian Cyst in Hanwoo

  • Kim, Jin-Woo;Lee, Yong-Hee;Chae, Sung-Kyu;Min, Sung-Hun;Ahn, Jae-Hyun;Do, Geon-Yeop;Kim, Byung Oh;Park, Humdai;Koo, Deog-Bon
    • Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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    • 제38권4호
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    • pp.165-170
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    • 2014
  • Cows may suffer impaired ovarian function, often accompanied by reduced conception rates and increased embryonic loss. Cystic ovarian disease (COD) is one of the most frequently diagnosed gynecological findings in dairy cattle. It causes temporary infertility and is likely to affect reproduction as well as production parameters in cattle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the expression patterns of apoptosis (Bcl-2, Bax), implantation (E-cadherin) and immune related proteins (TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-10) in uterine endometrium of Hanwoo (Korean native cattle) with ovarian cyst and normal ovarian follicles. In the Western blot analysis, the expression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein was significantly higher in endometrium with normal ovarian follicles, whereas expression of pro-apoptotic Bax protein was significantly lower. Also, the expressions of E-cadherin and TNF-${\alpha}$ proteins were significantly higher in uterine endometrium with normal ovarian follicles. On the other hand, the expression of IL-10 protein was significantly lower in uterine endometrium with normal ovarian follicles. Taken together, our results provided that the expressions of apoptosis, adhesion and immune related proteins in uterine endometrium with ovarian cyst were showed the aberrant patterns, and we suggest that different expression changes of these proteins may be affect to pregnancy ability of cattle.

Microbial Flora of Normal and Abnormal Cervical Mucous Discharge Associated with Reproductive Performance of Cows and Heifers in Estrus

  • Ata, Ayhan;Turutoglu, Hulya;Kale, Mehmet;Gulay, Mehmet Sukru;Pehlivanoglu, Faruk
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제23권8호
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    • pp.1007-1012
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    • 2010
  • The aim of the present study was to describe whether abnormal cervical mucus discharge (A-CMD) or pathogens in cervical mucus discharge (CMD) have effects on reproductive performance of cows and heifers in estrus. Animals having clear discharges (68 cows, 38 heifers) with normal viscosity and without bad odor were grouped as normal cervical mucous discharge (N-CMD) group. The other animals (84 cows, 32 heifers) were grouped as A-CMD group. Microorganisms isolated from samples were divided into three groups as uterine pathogens (UP), potential uterine pathogens (PUP) or opportunistic uterine pathogens (OUP). Presence of PUP was associated with A-CMD for both cows (p<0.01) and heifers (p<0.02). First service conception rates (FS-CR) were lower in cows positive for PUP (p<0.01). Moreover, presence of PUP and OUP affected FS-CR in heifers (p<0.01). Although A-CMD significantly affected FS-CR in cows (p<0.04), it did not affect FS-CR in heifers. Differences in average open day for cows (p<0.02) and first service age for heifers (p<0.01) were significant between N-CMD and A-CMD groups, respectively. The current study suggested that CMD should be evaluated more carefully when there are infertility problems. In addition to the known microorganism that causes sterility and infertility in the UP group, pathogens in the PUP group should be considered for their potential to cause infertility.

저수태 한우 암소 자궁에서 회수된 미생물이 체외수정란 발달율에 미치는 영향 (Effect of microorganisms collected from uterus of Hanwoo cattle with low conception rate on the development of IVF-derived embryos)

  • 우제석;김기현;조은석;연성흠;박연배;김민규;사수진
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.355-359
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    • 2015
  • The cause of infertility is either fertilization failure or early embryonic death. The aetiology may involve a combination of many factors, e.g. genetic factors, abnormalities in the gametes nutritional disorders, inadequate luteal function, and delayed ovulation. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of microorganisms collected from uterus of Hanwoo cattle on early embryonic development. Microorganisms isolated from the uterus of Hanwoo cattle included Bacillus cereus (Bc), Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), Staphylococcus warneri (Sw) and Enterococcus faecalis (Ef). When cultured with Bc, Bt, Sw, and Ef, oocytes were not developed into a blastocyst in vitro. The proportion of blastocyst was dramatically increased after reducing the number of microorganisms ($10^4CFU/ml$). Interestingly, the proportion of blastocyst was decreased by adding the Sw and Ef. These results indicate that among intrauterine microorganisms, Sw and Ef strains negatively affect theearly embryonic development, thereby aggravate the rates of implantation and pregnancy. These findings will provide useful information for association studies in other pig populations.

한국 양돈장의 porcine cytomegalovirus 감염양상 및 바이러스학적 유병률 (Virological Prevalence and Infection Patterns of Porcine Cytomegalovirus in Selected Pig Farms in Korea)

  • 박최규;최은진
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제19권10호
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    • pp.1451-1455
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    • 2009
  • Porcine cytomegalovirus (PCMV) is a betaherpesvirus which causes reproductive failure in breeding sows and generalized infection in newborn piglets. It has worldwide distribution including Korea. Serological survey on this virus has been reported in 76.3% of pigs, but virological survey and epidemiological analysis on PCMV distribution have been reported in only a few papers in Korea. In this study, we investigated the virological prevalence and infection status of PCMV on a farm level in selected swine farms with respiratory diseases. A total of 1,938 blood samples taken from groups of pigs of different ages were collected from 31 farms distributed nationwide in 2006 and 2007 and tested by PCR to detect the presence of PCMV. Virological prevalence at farm level and pig level were 96.8% and 17.5%, respectively, suggesting that PCMV has endemically infected Korean pig herds. The prevalence at farm level in gilts, sows and suckling piglet groups were 16.7%, 36.7% and 56.7%, indicating that vertical infections frequently occurred in conception or newborn stage. Thereafter, detection rates of PCMV were slightly increased in pig groups aged 40 and 70 days (70.0% and 73.3%), and then gradually decreased as they aged - 33.3% in 100, 26.7% in 130 and 16.7% in 160 day old pig groups. The prevalence at pig level has similar patterns to that at farm level. With the passage of time, the variation of infection patterns of PCMV was investigated in four PCMV-positive farms. Three blood samples were collected at intervals of 6 months in each farm, and examined for presence of PCMV using PCR. The results revealed that once PCMV was introduced to the pig farms, it continuously circulated between and within groups of sows and piglets in those farms. Taken together, it can be concluded that PCMV has endemically infected Korean pig farms and has the potential risk for emerging pathogen in combination with the known endemic pathogens including porcine reproductive, respiratory syndrome virus and porcine circovirus type 2. Therefore, more research is needed on diagnosis, epidemiology and control strategy for PCMV on the field.