• 한국조경학회지
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

본 연구는 도시의 표면을 구성하는 물리적 공간요소 가운데 대기질에 영향을 미치는 주요 요인을 찾아 환경개선을 위한 단서를 제공하는 것이 목적이다. 중국의 산업도시인 창춘의 9개 측정소에서 2018년 1월 1일부터 2019년 12월 31일까지의 AQI 농도 자료를 수집하였다. 측정소를 중심으로 반경 300m 내의 지역을 구성하는 도시의 물리적 시설에 대한 유형과 분포 특징을 분석하였다. 측정소를 3개 그룹으로 나눠 계절별로 미세먼지 농도 차이를 분석한 결과, 봄과 겨울에 AQI 농도가 가장 높고, 다음으로 여름, 가장 낮은 계절은 가을이었다. 봄의 AQI 농도가 가장 높은 곳은 F(93.00)·D(91.10)·I(89.20), 여름 농도가 가장 높은 곳은 D(69.05)·A(67.89)·B(84.44), 가을 농도가 가장 높은 곳은 I(62.80)·G(60.84)·D(53.27), 겨울은 I(95.82)·H(95.60)·F(94.04)이었다. SPSS를 이용한 계열분석을 통해 직경 600m인 공간내의 대기지수는 임야, 초지, 나지, 수공간, 수고, 건축면적(평균치), 건물 체적(평균치)과 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 오염이 심한 봄과 겨울의 수치자료를 통계분석한 결과, 임야면적(43,637m², 15.44%)과 수면적(18,736m², 6.63%)이 큰 비율을 차지하고, 건축평균면적(448m², 0.17%)과 건축평균부피(10,201m³)가 가장 적은 그룹 1(A, B, C)구역의 오염 농도가 가장 낮았다. 반대로 그룹 2(D, E, F)구역은 AQI 농도가 가장 높은 구역으로 임야(1,917m², 0.68%)와 수면적(0m², 0%)이 적거나 없고 건축평균면적(1,056m², 0.37%)과 건축평균부피(17,470m³)가 가장 높았다. AQI 농도가 가장 높은 지역의 특징은 가로수의 수고가 12m 이상인 경우가 다수 확인되었고, 나지면적의 비율이 적을수록 오염도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 동일한 방법으로 창춘의 9개 공간의 특징을 분석한 결과, 도시 공간의 물리적 특성에 따른 대기질은 위의 요인들과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.9-18
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• 1987

This study is conducted to investigate the influence of addition of quarternary ammonium salt(cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide: CTAB) when polyester(PET) fabric is treated with sodium hydroxide(NaOH), depending on experimental variables such as CTAB concentration, NaOH concentration, time & temperature, and the change in physical & chemical properties of alkaline-hydrolyzed PET fabrics depending on their weight loss. The results are as follows: 1. By adding CTAB in aqueous NaOH, the weight loss of PET fabric is increased remarkably and until the concentration of CTAB is reached at its cmc, and the higher the concentration of CTAB are, the more weight loss on PET fibrics are. 2. The addition of CTAB in aqueous NaOH is most effective at lower NaON concentration(2%) among various NaOH concentration, on increasing the amount of weight loss, while there are almost similar results through various treatment time and temperature. 3. As the amount of weight of weight loss on PET fabric is increased, the increase of void space in the PET yarn, of softness & dyeability of PET fabric and the decrease of tensile strength are found. On the other hand, the moisture regain shows a little increase by alkaline-hydrolysis on PET fabric while vertical absorption test & water retention value are not sufficiently sensitive to distinguish between the hydrophillicity of untreated and treated PET fabric. The shrinkage of PET fabric is induced by swelling in hot aqueous NaOH regardless of NaOH concentration & addition of CTAB.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2013

Basic precondition for effective curriculum on learning activities to take place, the internal and external environment of the school facilities, improve the environment of the classroom space and etc. Specifically, the use of classroom space, hardly learners improve their academic motivation to achievement tend to concentrate within the party regularly scheduled class hours. Physical environment surrounding them is giving considerable impact for behavioral psychological and bodily change of the learners. In this study, we are focused on the form of the learner in the general classroom space and classroom environment that can increase the learning effect will be examined. Consequently, What is appropriate classroom environment for learning increase the concentration of elements are presented.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2017

Recently, as human-centered design and humanization of space accelerates, the concept of physical space is changing to user-centered space. In particular, in the case of exhibition space to utilize digital media, visitors' actively experiencing exhibits and participating exhibition are regarded as an important factor, thus affordance design serves as a crucial factor to afford satisfaction with exhibition space to the visitors. Accordingly, the study is to understand the concept of the affordance and the digital media exhibition environment and to analyze the preference for each affordance design factor in the digital exhibition environment. The survey is conducted to people in the twenties who inhabit Seoul and the metropolitan area, familiar with the digital media. The results of the survey show that the most important role of the digital media in the exhibition environment is to create the atmosphere for concentration and complexity is the most preferable among interactivity, network ability and complexity, the feature of the digital media. Additionally, the results reveal that cognitive affordance presenting the feature of design to help the user when he/she want to know something is the most preferable among sensory affordance, physical affordance, cognitive affordance and functional affordance and as the time exposed to the digital media increases the importance of the affordance design is high. As the digital environment is common now in many fields, it will be regarded as a crucial factor to the visitors of an exhibit hall from now on whether affordance design is used.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.172-180
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• 2012

Recently, the definition of work space contains so many meanings. Basically, this means space where handling various information and developing numerous creative activities. Moreover, the work space is important not only for individual itself but also organizational development. This research is studied for suggesting revitalization of advanced work efficiency, deriving motivation as well as creative operation support for harmonious communication. In order to make the better creative work places, "concentration and motivating interests between members of organization", "Necessity of environment for development and operational progress of work", "improvement and creativity of work and importance of the physical environment" and "harmonious communication and development of advanced community" should be considered. This research arranged based on ALCEMIS model and used actual examples on each step for better understanding of creative work spaces. ALCEMIS model is as follows: (1) Opportunity Finding (2) Fact Finding (3) Opportunity Definition (4) Idea Finding (5) Evaluate & Select (6) Plan (7) Acceptance (8)Execution' over the eight-step details to proceed through the 1. Discovert ((1)+(2)) 2. Dream ((3)+(4)) 3. Design((5)+(6)) 4. Destiny((7)+(8))y" It has been understood that many works related to creative jobs make good use of public spaces to progress operational improvement. The place where co-workers share with can create more effective and fulfilling outcome and satisfaction than independent and exclusive places. Especially creative jobs need this kind of spaces for better communication and cooperation.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.316-325
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• 2009

배지의 적정 수분함량과 기상율은 분화식물 생산에 있어 중요한 환경 요인들이다. 매트관수시스템에서 Ardisia 소형분화 생산에 적합한 배지의 물리성을 구명 하고자 실험을 수행하였다. 실험에 사용된 공시 작물은 산호수와 자금우였다. 피트모스 배지에 왕겨와 펄라이트를 각각 부피비로 20, 40, 60%로 혼합하였다. 배지의 총공극은 왕겨의 혼합비율이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으나, 펄라이트는 혼합비율이 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며, 왕겨와 펄라이트의 혼합비율이 증가함에 따라 기상율은 증가하였으나, 배지의 수분함량은 감소하였다. 배지의 기상율은 왕겨 혼합배지에서 펄라이트 혼합배지보다 높았으며 증가율은 왕겨혼합배지에서 더 높았다. 배지의 $CO_2$ 농도는 기상율이 증가함에 따라 감소 하였는데, 왕겨 혼합배지에서 펄라이트 혼합배지보다 $CO_2$ 농도가 더 높았다. 산호수와 자금우의 생체중과 건물중은 왕겨를 60% 혼합한 배지에서 가장 높았으나, 지상부와 지하부의 건물 비율은 가장 낮았다. 매트관수 시스템에서 Ardisia속 식물인 산호수와 자금우의 소형 분화 생산에 적합한 배지의 물리성은 총공극과 기상율, 포트용수량이 각각 82.8, 25.6, 57.2%이었다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.509-522
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• 2009

This is a basic study to improve air quality of school classrooms in winter time. The purposes are to check indoor thermal and air environment in school classrooms during winter and to analyze influencing factors on indoor environment. The measurements of students' physical elements with questionnaire surveys were carried out in a total of 6 classrooms. As a result, this research shows that the temperature of one classroom was below indoor thermal standard level, three classrooms had lack of heat, and two classrooms are heated much, which induce relatively low humidity. All of 6 classrooms had lack of ventilation, being high level of $CO_2$ concentration and 2 classrooms are in condition of high PM10 concentration. The majority of students(76%) answered that the cause of their 'heated space syndrome' is because of the lack of ventilation. Students' opening windows for ventilations is hardly carried out at normal times, except that indoor temperature is over standard. That is, we can suggest one of solutions, which is to enable students to operate heating and ventilating system by themselves according to students' physical condition.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 1999

To examine the increase of paper strength by solvent-bonding using N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO), a paper was treated with aqueous solutions of NMMO, concentrated at $90^\circ{C}$ for selected periods of time, and pressed for 5 seconds followed by washing and drying. The effect of the increasing NMMO concentration on bonding state and some important properties of samples were mainly investigated. With increasing concentration of NMMO, the degree of bonding between fibers was increased, the fiber cross-sectional shape was changed from 'thin ribbonlike' to 'round rodlike' by swelling with solvent, and the longitudinal waves (crimp) were introduced to fibers, hence the shrinkage, weight per unit area, and thickness of paper were increased. Consequently, the tensile strength and elongation, under standard and wet conditions, and the stiffness were increased, and the water absorption was decreased generally with increasing concentration of NMMO. The moisture regain of treated samples was lower than that of the untreated sample, because of the reduction of space between fibers. But the moisture regain was increased a little with increasing concentration of NMMO due to the fiber swelling with NMMO followed by structural relaxation.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.12-20
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• 2011

도시에 있어서 공원녹지는 도시의 구조적, 사회적 환경을 개선하는 다양한 기능이 있다. 본 연구는 도시의 공원녹지계획이 도시환경의 개선에 관한 연구이다. 지금까지 도시에 있어서 공원녹지계획의 대부분은 녹지의 양의 증대를 목적으로 실시되어 왔다. 그러나 한정된 도시공간에서 공원녹지의 물리적인 확충은 토지의 확보가 어려워 곤란한 것이 현실이다. 그럼으로 본 연구에서는 기존의 공원녹지와 녹지에 대한 이용자평가를 통해 향후 공원녹지계획상의 학문적 근거이론의 확인과 실무적 사례 구축에 기여한다는 의의를 가진다. 본 연구에서는 공원녹지의 구성과 배치특성에 균등배치와 집약배치의 각기 다른 특성을 가진 일본의 타마뉴타운의 두 지구를 선택하여 319명의 주민에게 설문조사를 실시하여 t-검정, 요인분석, 중회귀분석의 통계방법을 활용하여 분석하였다. 연구의 결과로서 공원녹지의 구성과 배치가 다른 두 지구의 만족도평가요인은 차이가 확인되지 않았으나, 각 지구내의 세부평가요인에 있어서는 차이가 확인되었다. 만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인으로는 공원녹지의 질, 주변녹지의 질, 접근성, 차도분리의 요인이 두 지구의 공통요인인 것이 확인되었다. 공원녹지가 집약배치된 지구에서는 만족도평가요인에 있어서 주변녹지의 질이 만족도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치며, 공원녹지가 균등배치된 지구에서는 만족도평가요인에 있어서 공원녹지를 이용하는 보행공간의 차도분리가 만족도에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것이 확인되었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.78-87
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• 2020

Objectives: To identify the degree of physical burden, a determination was undertaken of dust collection efficiency, inhalation pressure, and CO₂ concentration related to health masks certified by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). Methods: Twenty health masks were purchased on the market. Dust collection efficiency and inhalation pressure were determined in the same manner as in MFDS certification testing, respectively using TSI Model 8130 (TSI, U.S.) and ART Plus (Korea). CO₂ concentrations for 20 subjects using a CO₂ analyzer (G100, G150, Geotechnical Instrument Ltd., UK) were measured with a similar method as a total inward leakage test. In addition to CO₂ levels, dead space volumes in the masks was determined for predicting concentrations of CO₂ in inhalation air. Results: Most of the dust collection efficiencies found for the 20 masks were far higher than the standard. Four KF94s met KF99 and four KF80s even met KF94. Most inhalation pressures were also much lower than the standard, with many almost one-half of the standard. The mean and standard deviation of CO₂ concentration in the mask were 2.9±0.44%. Considering dead volume, the prediction for CO₂ concentration in the inhalation air was 4,395±1,266 ppm. Conclusions: For healthy men and women, the dust collection efficiency and inhalation pressure of health masks were not at a level that would affect their health. Although CO₂ levels in the inhalation air were predicted not to affect health, research on the physiological effects of health masks on Koreans is needed for more precise research.