• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2019

Reaction-to-fire performance of pipe insulation materials should be approved in accordance with KS standards prior to installing water-based suppression systems because several fire accidents are initiated from insulation materials around ceilings or concealed space. A small room test to evaluate the reaction-to-fire performance of the polyethylene foam and elastomeric pipe insulation materials was conducted according to ISO 20632. Different fire growth rate and heat release rate are observed depending on the materials and construction methods. In order to improve a fire safety, the reaction-to-fire performance of pipe insulation material needs to be subdivided with regard to the heat release rate and smoke generation. Furthermore, the characteristics of the applying space are also required to be considered. Subsidiary materials for installation process such as tape and adhesive are found to provide an adverse effect to maintain a fire safety.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.2 s.55
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• pp.73-80
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of structural expression in the works of Louis I. Kahn. Kahn's main architectural thoughts of 'what it wants to be' and 'how it was done' are important in this research because these statements act as a clue to understand the relationship between structural expression and space. 'What it wants to be' means the essence and existence of architecture and 'how it was done' shows the tectonic of architecture and construction process to enhance its presence. Kahn's emphasis of structural expression stems from the fact that structure is the logical part of whole building system rather than the concealed object for the exterior of buildings. Therefore structure of Kahn's architecture is not a structure only to support building but a mean to express his thoughts in a corporeal way. In Kahn's works, the characteristics of structural expressions are summarized as the visualization of the order in dynamics, construction process, spatial system, and the relationship between structure and light in the space.

• Journal of Industrial Technology
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• v.29 no.B
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• pp.9-15
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• 2009

In the case of traditional binary encoding technique, it takes long time to converge the optimal solutions and brings about complexity of the systems due to encoding and decoding procedures. However, the ROGAs (real-coded genetic algorithms) do not require these procedures, and the k-means clustering algorithm can avoid global searching space. Thus, this paper proposes a new approach by using their advantages. The proposed method constructs the multiple predictors using the optimal differences that can reveal the patterns better and properties concealed in non-stationary time series where the k-means clustering algorithm is used for data classification to each predictor, then selects the best predictor. After selecting the best predictor, the cluster centers of the predictor are tuned finely via RCGKA in secondary tuning procedure. Therefore, performance of the predictor can be more enhanced. Finally, we verifies the prediction performance of the proposed system via simulating typical time series examples.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2024

This study delves into the subtle sounds emanating from beneath the earth's surface to unveil hidden messages and the movements of life. It transforms these acoustic phenomena into digital data and reimagines them as visual elements. By employing Sismophone microphones and utilizing the FFT function in p5.js, it analyzes the intricate frequency components of subterranean sounds and translates them into various visual elements, including 3D geometric shapes, flowing lines, and moving particles. This project is grounded in the sounds recorded in diverse 'spaces of death,' ranging from the tombs of Joseon Dynasty officials to abandoned areas in modern cities. We leverage the power of sound to transcend space and time, conveying the concealed narratives and messages of forgotten places .Through the visualization of these sounds, this research blurs the boundaries between 'death' and 'life,' 'past' and 'present,' aiming to explore new forms of artistic expression and broaden perceptions through the sensory connection between sound and vision.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.91-107
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• 1999

The primary purpose of this study is to inquire into the characteristic of exposure presented in fashion, identify the correct concept of exposure from an aesthetic perspective, and grasp the contemporary meaning of exposure presented in fashion. As a result of study, the following findings were obtained: First, the surrealist style of fashion exhibited representations such as the relocation of the partial details, the harmonization of the natural and the artificial, the emphasis or expansion of each part of the body, and the like. It used highlighted the genital region with ornamentations or used the technique of paradoxically exposing the part of the body always covered. And it exbibited the paradoxical relationship of exposure and concealment by exposing the concealed part of the human body. Second, the post-modern style showed the complicated phenomenon that the values of several meanings such as the historic, the folk, and the like appeared in its fashion. It shares in spatiotemporal eclecticism, pluralistic characteristics and the like found in the post-modern culture. Third, the deconstructive style gets rid of the distinction between the external space and the private space by translating underwears into outer garments. It destroys clothing by tearing or perforating clothing whereby it represents the poor image. Coupled with women‘s psychology of exposure and the new generation’s way of thinking indifferent to others‘ eyes, this fashion of deconstruction occupies the great current of fashion. Deconstructive fashion gets away with the rule of ‘having to wear clothing to suit TPO(Time, Place and Occasion), the traditional norm of wearing clothing.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.3-10
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• 2008

In the Western and Oriental architecture, corridor and stairs have not been important from the whole architectural composition. The purpose of this study is to analyze their elements from theoretical viewpoint of modern architecture. The subject of analysis are Yangjindang and Daesanru of the Mid-Chosun Dynasty in Sangju. The conclusions are the followings : First, the moving line in the Western and Oriental architecture has the linear axis, and in general moving axis is straighten in Hanok architecture. But unlike common traditional architecture, the two buildings are right-angled in the moving axies. Second, Toenmaru in Yangjindang is the element of visual experience in the whole architectural space as promenade architecture called by Le Corbusier. On the other hand, Toenmaru in Daesanru plays a role the space of thinking in extending a visual field to the nature than its pure function. Third, the stairs of Yangjindang is diagonal shape with a role of entrance, but that of Daesanru was concealed in the wall as interior step. Yangjindang has two different stairs. One is broad and shallow stairs with ceremonial or public expression, and the other is narrow and steep stairs with unstable or private expression. This paper intends to show the latent architectural possibility of our traditional architecture.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.259-268
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• 2012

In a P300-based concealed information test (P300 CIT), the result of the test is greatly affected by the value of the probe stimulus. With a probe stimulus of low value, the detection rate decreases. The aim of this study was to determine whether the pupil-based concealed information test (Pupil CIT) could be used in addition to the P300 CIT for the probes of low value. Participants were told to choose one card from a deck of five cards (space 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), Then a P300 CIT and a Pupil CIT for the selected card were administered. P300s were measured at 3 scalp sites (Fz, Cz, and Pz), and the pupil sizes of left and right eyes were recorded. The P300 amplitude measured at Fz, Cz, and Pz was significantly different between the probe and irrelevant stimuli. And, in the Pupil CIT, the pupil size was also different between the two stimuli for both eyes. The detection rates of the P300 CIT were 44% at Fz and Cz sites and 36% at Pz site. And the detection rates of the Pupil CIT were 52% for the left eye and 60% for the right eye. There is a trend that the detection rate of the Pupil CIT was higher than that of the P300 CIT, but the difference didn't reach significance partly because of the relatively small sample size. The correlation between the decision based on the P300 CIT and that based on the Pupil CIT was not significant. As a conclusion, it is recommended to use a Pupil CIT instead of a P300 CIT when the value of the probe is low. And a combination of the measures may be superior to either one of them in detection rate.

• Design Convergence Study
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.193-208
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• 2015

This study is to search a meaning of treagedy to show by the 6th generation through charecter's tragedy in the 6'th Generation Chinese film. For this, it examined an inner characteristic behind of the tragedy's moment and externalized ending in directors' films of the 6'th Generation's representation. The 6'th Generation of Chinese film reorganized newly Chinese film's cultural topography in the 1990s. The 6'th Generation films, which rebelled against the primary melody and the 5'th Generation on the system, is expressed commonly a tragedy moment with the time and space by character's tragedy. Characters of the 6'th Generation in the tragedy moment attempts various efforts to escape from the tragedy moment. However, no one can overcome the wall of reality, and their concealed emotion as keeping it out of the public eye lead that play. The moment that the 6th generation film meets a tragedy, the main character's accumulated tragedy situations begin to unfold all together. A tragedy embodied through : a collapsed tragedy due to the past's wound, a tragedy due to loss of jobs, a tragedy due to a family's departure, a tragedy from a time of chaos, a tragedy of a woman who became a head of a household and other tragedies.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2016

GPS location information storage included in the HD black box is using a unique manner for each manufacturer does not have a specific standard. In this paper, in order to overcome the limitations of the storage space and thereby the image quality according to store GPS position information deteriorate to solve the problems that cause, we propose the location information concealment method included in the HDTV video content using a essential hidden region. HDTV video content is a Border Extender of 8 lines in the frame to the bottom of the compression will be required. This was inserted into the image of a gray scale used in block form in order to space the current position information is concealed to prevent image degradation. The proposed method was confirmed using real HD black box, there are more difficult to interpret the format of the ASCII code re-edit the location information when the compression effect disappears with the existing security zones added. Therefore, the proposed method is suitable for location-based services, such as Facebook or Youtube videos.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.11-24
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to offer fundamental data which is necessary to improve a design for the general high school. For doing this, teachers' satisfaction about using spaces of high schools equipped with excellent facilities and with general facilities respectively was compared and analyzed. Selected schools for this study were 3 high schools with superior facilities and 3 high schools with general facilities, all of which have been built or renovated since 2010. Data were collected by doing a field survey, a literature survey, and a questionnaire survey. Data were analyzed by 4 ways: Reliability analysis about satisfaction of educational facilities, demographic analysis, regression analysis on overall satisfaction and the use of facilities, and t-test to verify the difference of satisfaction depending on schools. Findings showed that overall satisfaction was high in high schools with excellent facilities whereas it was low in high schools with general facilities. Also, in order to enhance overall satisfaction of facilities, it suggests that building and continuously maintaining a circular route and a walkway which do not have the concealed space should be necessary.