• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.10 no.10
• /
• pp.1796-1803
• /
• 2006

This Paper describes a systematic method for designing the $H_{\infty}$ controller for the inverted pendulum which is a nonlinear and single-input double-outputs system. In particular, the open-loop system is conbined with a pre-filter to shape the open-loop transfer function for the sensitivity function ind the complementary sensitivity function to be kept the desirable frequency characteristics. Consequently, the loop shaping technique of the open-loop transfer function reduces the impacts of the model uncertainties, measurement noises and exogenous disterbances on the dynamic characteristics of the inverted pendulum. The results of simulation and experiment show the efficiency of the proposed control method comparing with conventional PID control method.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.33-42
• /
• 2012

Recent development and penetrating expansion in ICT(Information and Communication Technology) has brought considerable improvements in transportation services. However, there is a controversial debate whether transportation and communications behave as substitutes or as complements to one another. On this subject, recent studies considered those two industries as services, but transportation and communications are broadly put for intermediary goods into other industries. Hence, it is essential to examine this issue from understanding their relationships to each other with respect to manufacturing and services. In this study, input-output tables of benchmark years from 1980 to 2005 have been analysed to explore the relationships between transportation and communications using Spearman's correlation analysis. The results show that both industries had complementary roles over the period, but, to some extent, changed into substitution roles in some categories.

• Journal of Fashion Business
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.28-44
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the hat fashion worn by the British royal family. The research range has been limited to hats which Elizabeth II, Camilla Parker Bowles, and Kate Middleton wore from April 29, 2011 to April 11, 2014 when Kate Middleton married Windsor Prince William and became part of the royal family. The methods of the research were: previous studies and literature about the royal family were referred to, the function and types of hats were considered, and then the plasticity of the designs seen in hat fashion of the royal family were analyzed. The results are as follows: first, the shape of the hats of the British royal family: Three-dimensional shapes(84.2%) were the most frequent, the detailed shape of the hat Canotier(33.5%), Boater(12.7%) and Bowler(10.3%) had greater frequency. Second, the color of the hats were W(13.7%), Bk(10.5%), Y(9.8%), B(9.6%), YR/PB(9.4%) and RP(9.2%) color. The Color Combination is the Monochrome Color(62.3%), Analogous Color(16.1%), Accent Color(13.2%) and Complementary Color(8.4%) were most frequent. Third, the material of the hats were Felt(44.5%) and Straw(40.3%) were used most frequently. Finally, the decoration of hats were: Flowers(25.7%), String(25.0%), Ribbon(18.4%) and Feathers(17.9%) were the most common. This study can be utilized as basic data for effective styling and design ideas in the field of total fashion.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.819-825
• /
• 2016

In this paper, a phase locked loop structure with parallel dual loop which have a different bandwidth has been proposed. The bandwidths depending on transfer functions are obtained through dual loops. Two different bandwidths of each loop are used to suppress noise on the operating frequency range. The proposed phase locked loop has two different voltage controlled oscillator gains to control two different wide and narrow loop filters. Furthermore, it has the locking status indicator to achieve an accurate locking condition. The phase margin of $58.2^{\circ}$ for wide loop and $49.4^{\circ}$ for narrow loop is designed for stable operation and the phase margin of $45^{\circ}$ is maintained during both loops work together. It has been designed with a 1.8V 0.18um complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The simulation results show that the proposed phase locked loop works stably and generates a target frequency.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.45 no.4
• /
• pp.358-364
• /
• 2017

Asymmetric PCR preferentially amplifies one DNA strand for use in DNA hybridization studies. Linear-After-The-Exponential-PCR (LATE-PCR) is an advanced asymmetric PCR method which uses innovatively designed primers at different concentrations. This study aimed to optimise LATE-PCR parameters to produce single-stranded DNA of Candida spp. and Aspergillus spp. for detection via probe hybridisation. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was used to design limiting primer and excess primer for LATE-PCR. Primer annealing and melting temperature, difference of melting temperature between limiting and excess primer and concentration of primers were optimized. In order to confirm the presence of single-stranded DNA, the LATE-PCR product was hybridised with digoxigenin labeled complementary oligonucleotide probe specific for each fungal genus and detected using anti-digoxigenin antibody by dot blotting. Important parameters that determine the production of single-stranded DNA in a LATE-PCR reaction are difference of melting temperature between the limiting and excess primer of at least $5^{\circ}C$ and primer concentration ratio of excess primer to limiting primer at 20:1. LATE-PCR products of Candida albicans, Candida parapsilosis, Candida tropicalis and Aspergillus terreus at up to 1:100 dilution and after 1 h hybridization time, successfully hybridised to respective oligonucleotide probes with no cross reactivity observed between each fungal genus probe and non-target products. For Aspergillus fumigatus, LATE-PCR products were detected at 1:10 dilution and after overnight hybridisation. These results indicate high detection sensitivity for single-stranded DNA produced by LATE-PCR. In conclusion, this advancement of PCR may be utilised to detect fungal pathogens which can aid the diagnosis of invasive fungal disease.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.318-324
• /
• 2016

The significance of an integrated environmental management system implementation can be summarized into three sections. The first is that the paradigm of a permit system will be changed from the existing media-specific permits to cross-media permits. In the near future, the cross-media license will be granted based on the diagnostic results of the plant. The second is that it will be established through a social concensus, i.e., consultations with stakeholders and direct participation in the system design process of stakeholders. The third is that it will have flexibility in its operating system. In the near future, it will be possible to management an environment through its industrial workplace itself and determine if emission standards are being complied with or not through statistical methods. In addition there is also an urgent need for complementary parts in order to enhance the driving force of the integrated environmental management system which is based on transparency, reliability and flexibility. In other words, it is necessary to continuously promote in order to diffuse consensus and increase an understanding of implementation through an integrated environmental management system. It is also necessary to establish a new organization and educate authorized representatives so that they have the tools to smoothly perform the system.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.239-246
• /
• 2003

We have examined the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) of Vibrio vulnificus KCTC 2959. ISRs were amplified by primers complementary to conserved regions of 16S and 23S rRNA genes. ISR amplicons were cloned and sequenced. Analysis of the ISR sequences showed that V. vulnificus KCTC 2959 contains five types of polymorphic ISRs. Size of ISRs ranged from 424 to 741 bp in length and the number of tRNA genes ranged from one to four. The ISRs were designated as ISR-E $(tRNA^{Glu}),\;ISR-IA\;(tRNA^{Ile}-tRNA^{Ala})$, ISR-EKV $(tRNA^{Glu}-tRNA^{Lys}-tRNA^{Val})$, ISR-IAV $(tRNA^{Ile}-tRNA^{Ala}-tRNA^{val})$ and ISR-EKAV $(tRNA^{Glu}-tRNA^{Lys}-tRNA^{Ala}-tRNA^{Val})$ based on their tRNA genes. Multiple alignment of representative sequences from different Vibrio species revealed several domains of high sequence variability. We used the sequences of variable domains to design species-specific primer for detection PCR. Specificity of the primers was examined using genomic DNA prepared from 18 different Vibrio species. The results showed that the PCR using primers designed in this study can be used to detect V. vulnificus from other Vibrio species.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.27-38
• /
• 2000

This paper proposes how the recurrent neural network controller for a Khepera mobile robot with an obstacle avoiding ability can be determined by co-adaptation of the evolution and learning, The proposed co-adaptation scheme consists of two folds： a population of NN controllers are evolved by the genetic algorithm so that the degree of obstacle avoidance might be reduced through the global searching and each NN controller is trained by CRBP learning so that the running behavior is adapted to its outer environment through the local searching. Experimental results shows that the NN controller coadapted by evolution and learning outperforms its non-learning equivalent evolved by only genetic algorithm in both the ability of obstacle avoidance and the convergence speed reaching to the required running behavior.

• Journal of The Korean Association of Information Education
• /
• v.21 no.6
• /
• pp.639-646
• /
• 2017

As computational thinking(CT) is gaining focus as a key 21st century skill much attention has been paid to promoting CT through software education. However, more studies are needed to design and implement effective CT assessment methods. This study aims to investigate the effects of three CT assessment methods in a course designed to enhance CT competencies of 52 pre-service teachers with a non-computer science background during one semester. To analyze pre-service teachers' CT competencies, we used 3 CT assessment methods: (1) pre-and post-testing based on Bebras computational thinking challenge questions, (2) Dr. Scratch to analyze group scratch projects automatically, and (3) scratch exam designed in this study to evaluate the development of CT. Our results show the positive effects of integrating assessment methods for promoting CT competencies. We end this paper with the discussion of advantages and implications of this integration.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.16 no.5
• /
• pp.152-161
• /
• 2017

The CBTC(Communication based Train Control) system employed on 2.4GHz ISM band adopt the IEEE802.11.x standard. Therefor communication time delay, distortion and data losses will be produced. To overcome these problems, CPSK(Continuous Phase shift keying) modulated DS/SS(Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) transmitter with 908MHz carrier frequency is proposed. Through the eye diagram and scatter diagram the performance is analysed. And the phase noise characteristic of the local oscillator is measured about 60dBc/Hz, this means that the phase noise performance is very good compared to the signal. Reference frequency suppression of the 2nd local oscillator is 50dB below compared to the signal. Through the polarities of the complementary signal equally probable, the line spectrum of the output spectrum is eliminated. The nonlinear effects which introduce the spectral spreading or spectral regeneration is reduced remarkably.