• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1483-1497
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• 2011

The result of comparison and analysis study of institutionalization and exchange status of environmental education in South Korea, the People's Republic of China, and Japan, Northeast Asian countries that are closely related to Korea, is summarized as the following: First, this study shows that the process of environmental education institutionalization requires an instigation. For example, a specific environmental policy is established after raising awareness to modify environmental policies, as the result of aggravation of damage due to pollution. Therefor, it is the necessary process for the establishment of an environmental policy in order to proceed environmental education institutionalization. Second, even though institutionalization processes of environmental education for the three countries are considered to be very similar, differences are apparent if one carefully examines the content of environmental education for each country. In particular, South Korea, the People's Republic of China, and Japan all agree that environmental education is necessary, but differ in their ideas of main body for advocating institutionalization, as well as maintenance level of environmental education. Third, the order of establishment of environmental education institutionalization is Japan, South Korea and China and there exists about a 10 years time gap between each country. Fourth, the environmental education exchange was formed between South Korea and the People's Republic of China and between South Korea and Japan, first. Then it was enlarged to TEMM(Tripartite Environment Ministers Meeting) and TEEN(Tripartite Environmental Education Network) among three countries.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2019

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, the patenting activities related to the fields of AI is increasing worldwide. In particular, a share of patent filed in China has exploded in recent years and overtakes the numbers in the US. In the present study, we focus our attention on the patenting activity of China and the US. We analyzed 6,281 and 13,664 patent applications in the US and China respectively between 2008 and 2018, and belonging to the "G06F(Electric Digital Data Processing)", "G06N(Computer Systems Based on Specific Computational Models)", "H04L(Transmission of Digital Information)" and nine more relevant technological classes, as indicated by the International Patent Classification(IPC). Our analysis contributes to: first, the understanding of patent application trends from foreign countries filed in the US and China, 2) patent application status by applicants category such as companies, universities and individuals, 3) the development direction and forecasting vacant technology of AI according to main IPC code. Through the analysis of this paper, we can suggest some implications for patent research related to artificial intelligence in Korea. Plus, by analyzing the most recent patent data, we can provide important information for future artificial intelligence technology research.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.1 s.59
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• pp.27-38
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to find the unique image characteristics of Korea and identify the Korea culture by comparing the image characteristics of traditional palaces of Korea, China and Japan. This study identifies the unique image characteristics of Korea through a comparative analysis the image of three nations. Literature research, free association measurement, survey were conducted to select study objects and descriptive words. 5 outside-pictures and 2 inside-pictures of the Changduckung, the Forbidden City, the Nijo castle representing each country's traditional palaces were chosen as study objects. A questionnaire was made with 47 descriptive words and 5-scale measurement. The results of analysis are as follows. The representative words to express the image characteristics of Korea, China and Japan traditional palaces are adornment, stability, openness, lines, unfamiliarity, feminine. This study researched the common and different factors between the image characteristics in traditional palaces of Korea, China and Japan. The common image is the image of lines. The distinctive characteristics of Korea are stability, curved lines and femininity. The characteristics of China are adornment and straight lines. And, the characteristics of Japan are simplicity, unfamiliarity, and openness. Based on the research, it was found out that stability and curved lines are the main characteristics of Korea. This study researches the characteristics of images of Korea, China and Japan. This study shows the common and different factors of image characteristics of in the neighboring three nations of East Asia. Due to the geographical and cultural effect over a long time, the Korea was evaluated as the middle cultural between China and Japan. However, this study found unique characteristics of Korea's image.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.67-91
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• 2009

Nowadays, Alternative Dispute Resolution in terms of reconciliation, arbitration, and mediation is in the spotlight as a try to overcome the limits of a lawsuit as well as the judicial reform. Since many articles have studied ADR in America, Germany, Japan and the like which developed the system in advance, this article compares ADR in major Asian countries including China, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, India, and Vietnam etc. introducing ADR organizations as well. On the matter of vigorous trade and investment between Asian countries currently, it seems inevitable not to have consequential disputes through international exchange. Thus it will be very useful to know the law to resolve the conflict between the countries involved. This article is written to help to resolve the disputes in Asian countries and provide research materials to develop ADR in Korea by comparing the ones in major Asian countries. In addition, the comparative study of ADR in Asian countries should be continued to find the model which best fits in Asia as well as to nurture talent.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.67-85
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• 2014

This study compares and analyzes the fashion industry of Korea with that of China and Japan, the two countries geographically and culturally adjacent to Korea, by applying the generalized double diamond model to find useful measures to strengthen the global competitiveness of the Korean fashion industry. The fashion industries of Korea, China and Japan were first compared in terms of the four determinants of the double diamond model: thereafter, the double diamond model of Korea, China and Japan were compared. In this, study 31 sub-variables were extracted to measure the eight determinants and secondary data were collected from selected sources between January 2013 and May 2014. The results of comparing the domestic diamond models showed that: China is considerably better than Korea and Japan in terms of demand conditions, firm strategy, organization, and competition conditions while Japan is superior in terms of demand conditions and Korea shows better related and supporting industries conditions. When comparing and analyzing the international diamond models, Japan is superior in terms of factor conditions and China has better demand conditions, while Korea has failed to lead in any of the four determinants. When comparing and analyzing the comprehensive diamond model per country, China show superior demand conditions and firm strategy, organization, and competition conditions, Japan has better factor conditions, and Korea shows superior related and supporting industries conditions.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.177-188
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• 2013

As the number of smart phone users increases, many organizations begin to adopt social media rapidly to diversify communication channels with customers. Specifically, micro-blog, which supports instant and two-way communications between users and between organizations and users, has been adopted by many organizations as an efficient way not only to identify new customers but also to retain existing customers. The purpose of this study is to investigate the usage motivation and satisfaction of enterprise twitter based on use and gratifications perspectives comparing with Korea and China. Based on prior studies on use and gratifications of internet-related media, information seeking, pleasure/entertainment, relationship, communication, and incentives were identified as usage motivations of enterprise Micro-blog. This study contributes to provide the base of activation strategies and practical implications for micro-blog as a marketing tool.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 2000

This study, was done to compare the nursing education systems of China and South Korea (Korea), then, on the basis of this comparison, to examine the direction of nursing education in China. The results the study are as follows : 1. Nursing education in Korea was influenced by social change, political policy, but as it was established, nurses in Korea, were able actively involved in presenting nursing education development proposals to the government, and in developing nursing education through their own efforts. Nursing education in China developed through the political policy of a socialist Country. During the period of modernization after 1977, a nursing education developed very quickly, In 1983, the first baccalaureate nursing education program was established and, in 1992, the first masters program was opened. 2. In Korea, there are two nursing education systems; diploma and baccalaureate, and there is only one entry level, high school graduation. In China today, on the other hand, there are three types of nursing education systems; technical, diploma, and baccalaureate, and they have middle school and high school graduation as the two levels of entry. 3. There are similarities between China and Korea in curriculums for nursing education which include the major nursing concepts. But in descriptions of the education objectives, China the emphasis is on training the 'expert' in clinical nursing which is not consistent with their educational philosophy. Korea differs from China in that the focus is on training for 'multiple ability' to be used in both clinical and community environments. 4. In Korea, the curriculum is organized with the theoretical and clinical experience combined. The curriculum is oriented to the life cycle and human developmental process. In China, however, the curriculum is organized so that after finishing the theoretical part of the curriculum, the students begin a one year intensive field experience in which the major clinical field is the hospital, and the focus is on disease oriented care and research ability. 5. In order for nurses to be proposed to address nursing education system needs follows : to change as The new nursing education system should be baccalaureate education in order to improve the education level in all nursing education programs, to develop doctoral programs, to open nurse specialist programs, and to develop a new curriculum based nursing philosophy and health delivery system change. New nursing curriculum for health care in China in the 21st century should be directed by a framework based on nursing philosophy, objectives and nursing content. In conclusion, the study will contribute China nursing education system revolution for policy develop and curriculum research. According to these results, in the future, nurses in China should be more actively involved in research and in a nursing education revolution, Also they should be involved in building information networks and in developing long term projects in nursing education.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.139-158
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• 2016

In this study, we analyze South Korea and China have already concluded FTA rules of origin. By comparison and analysis of the relevant provisions in the country of origin of signed FTA, we obtained the necessary implications of origin on the FTA negotiations that will be concluded in the future. FTA between Korea and China's opening level is much lower than the already concluded FTA's, and Korea and the ASEAN FTA has already been signed with similar concessions. However, in understanding the rules of origin in China, it is important for us that China is the first trading partner of the trade. Korean companies are well aware of the rules of origin in China, and it should be noted to prevent damage caused due to the rules of origin in the process of expanding trade with the Contracting Parties.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.349-359
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• 2022

At present, with the diversified development of the global economy, the trade of cultural products has become an important factor affecting the competition of comprehensive strength among countries. As a neighboring country to China, South Korea has a similar cultural development environment to China. As an important pillar of South Korea's economy, cultural product trade, its development experience has reference significance for China. This paper adopts literature research method, comparative analysis method and empirical analysis method to conduct research. The article firstly analyzes the export level of China and South Korea from the scale of the import and export of cultural products, and finds the difference between the import and export of cultural products between the two countries. Then, it compares and analyzes the insufficiency of China's cultural product trade structure and the advantage of Korea's cultural product trade structure. Finally, this paper uses the stochastic frontier gravity model to conduct empirical analysis and draws relevant conclusions about the trade potential of cultural products between China and South Korea. The research results show that: (1) the international competitiveness of cultural products trade in China and South Korea is relatively high, but the competitiveness of China's cultural products has been improved slowly; (2) compared with South Korea, China's cultural product exports are affected by trade inefficiency factors larger. (3) The improvement of government efficiency has a great effect on reducing the inefficiency of trade in China.

• Korean Journal of Comparative Education
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.137-163
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• 2018

Regarding professionalism of primary teachers, a dispute over professionalism as classroom teachers versus as subject teachers has been amplified past decades. However, these controversies tend to be resolved mainly by theocratical, political, and systematic facets. In other words, discussions on professionalism of primary teachers have been explored in various aspects, but they have not much focused on teacher preparation programmes. Moreover, although from a comparative educational point of view some research focus on teacher preparation programmes in North Americas and European countries, comparison studies of the programmes in East Asian countries, such as China, Japan and Korea have been rarely conducted. The aim of this study is to compare teacher preparation programmes between Korea and China, and based on what the research found we attempt to understand Korean programmes from a new perspective. Selecting each of 13 teacher educational universities in two countries, we analyse documentations of the universities in which the educational aims, proportions of curricula construction, curricula requirements, and types of subjects are presented. Our research offers implications for future revisions of teacher preparation programmes.