• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.141-158
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• 2009

Community-Based Participatory Research(CBPR) has gained attention as a public health approach to develop community health interventions to address health disparities in recognition of the community relevance of specific health issues associated with social determinants of health. It emphasizes community involvement in equal partnership with researchers and public health professionals to address community-identified needs. The characteristics and principles of CBPR discussed in this paper highlight participatory nature, capacity development, partnership building, and process-orientation of CBPR. A 6-step process model for community empowerment is then introduced as a CBPR operationalization strategy. Mixed methods research approaches are valuable in CBPR as well as process evaluation. For the application of CBPR in Korean contexts, the Diffusion of Innovation theory is suggested as a theoretical framework for implementation. Building public health partnerships between public and private sectors to create partnership synergy is a necessary condition for successful CBPR for health promotion in Korea. Accompanying critical factors for the CBPR application include: common understanding of CBPR and its values, establishment of the definition of 'community,' 'community-based' and 'participation' in community health, development of accommodating research infrastructure for CBPR, recognition of the importance of program evaluation (particularly process evaluation), and training CBPR specialists.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.343-351
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• 2000

The Korean government enacted the National Health Promotion Act in January, 1995 and proclaimed its regulations and rules in September 1995, which became the basis of the national health policy. The health promotion programs consist of education for health, prevention of diseases, improvement of nutrition, and practice of healthy life style as defined in that Act. The Community Health Act was amended in 1995, which included implementing nutrition services in community health centers. The purpose of this report is to summerize the nutrition services conducted in 32 community health centers. the main nutritional activities were as follows : 1) nutritional guidance by counseling and education for pregnant or lactating women, infants, preschool children, and those with chronic diseases, 2) collection, analysis, and interpretation of data collected from the community, on background conditions and target population for the assessment of community needs, 3) evaluation of nutritional status of population in the community 4) nutritional guidance for mass feeding in different institution including schools and welfare institutions. In order to meet the government's expectations and desires, the community health centers have made continuous efforts to put nutritional activities into practice in the community. However, there are constraints, such as relative staff shortages, lack of funds, and information which hampers the nutritional activities.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.90-111
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• 1992

Community involvement is to be the keystone of primary health care, Unfortunately, efforts to promote it failed in many countries. Author inquired into the reasons why such efforts fail, and the alternative strategies for effectively promoting it in Korean situation today. In doing so, the concept of community involvement is clarified as an amalgamation of two different concepts; one is that of the community development, and the other is that of approaches for overcoming the alienation of the people from the health care process. Stategies of community involvement in Korea so far followed the line of the community development, e.g. village health worker. It loses, however, the feasibility as Korea has experinced so cial and economic developpment. The strategies of the second line of thought is now more feasible; empowering the people by providing more information and enhancing comitment to health, improving acceptabilty of community involvemt on the part of the health professionals and the bureaucrats, and building the mechanism of community involvement into the health policy-making process.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.77-88
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• 2012

Objectives: This paper aims to identify the dimensions of community capacity in a public residence lease apartment complex in Seoul as a case study, and discusses their application to community health promotion. Methods: The research team performed a focus group interview and a brief survey with resident committee representatives to explore community context and to identify the dimensions of community capacity and their order of priority. Results: We identified many groups with different senses of community and various dynamics in the community. Seven dimensions of community capacity were identified. However, there are different developmental stages among them. Also there are some influences with the different directions in a dimension, e.g. leadership and citizen participation. Conclusions: This study illustrated the identification of the dimensions of community capacity focused on the perspective and recognition of the community and community member, as an effort to understand community capacity in domestic community health promotion context.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.54-81
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• 2007

The paradigm of health promotion requests community participation and its active problem-solving. Community is conceptualized as a resource pool to be organized. Such resource is called community capacity. Community participation is a process of capacity building. Community voluntary associations are considered as valuable resource to be used for health promotion. This paper tried to identify the network structure among community voluntary associations and to infer the possibility to make such network of organizations participate in health promotion programs. Two survey data were used for this research: 1) Measurements and Evaluations of Community Capacity on Dobong-gu (N=94) 2) A development plan of health medicine service to be Healthy Gangdong-gu (N=69). The questionnaire included such variables measuring community capacity as leadership, membership, organizational resources, and inter-organizational network, etc. Both regions had the following common characteristics: 1) There were positive correlations between the organization's budget and membership. 2) Organizational types were associated with their founded years. Two regions showed the following differences: Dobong displayed the high density of community organizations, but Gangdong showed the low density. Dobong community organizations were able to be classified into three network clusters such as women & environments, youth & adolescent, and sports organizations. Each cluster of organizations favored the different type of health promotion programs. Gangdong community organizations were less developed, and not possible to be clustered. Depending upon the level of community capacity or community organizations' differentiation, the strategy of community participation could be settle down in different ways. Particularly the health agency had to pay more attention to support the growth of civil organizations.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.121-130
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• 1997

The community health nursing process is essential in providing community health nursing service to the community. It helps to identify community health problems. to prioritize problems, to provide service. and to evaluate service results. However. it is very rare to find a study which applies the community health nursing process. This study intended to apply the community health nursing process to a urban community. The focus of the study was a community consisting of 533 families in a region of Seoul. The study process was as follows: 1) The data was collected by conducting interviews with community leaders and by collecting surveys from the people of the community. 2) The data was summarized and analyzed. 3) The community nursing diagnosis was identified. 4) The nursing diagnosis was prioritized. 5) The general and specific objectives for service were identified. 6) A specific nursing plan was set up. 7) A detailed evaluation plan was established. Four community nursing diagnoses were identified from the community. 1) The utilization rate of health center was found to be low due to lack of knowledge about the health center and low accessibility. 2) High trafic accident rate due to narrow roads. 3) High prevalence of chronic disease due to inappropriate health behavior. 4) High noise level and foul smell due to inappropriate waste management. Among the four community nursing diagnoses. 'High prevalence of chronic diseases was identified as a priority community nursing problem. The criteria for prioritizing community nursing problems were as follows: number of people involved, fragility of clients. severity of the problem. availability. of resources. concern of the people. readiness of nurses. relevance to the national policy. This study describes the general and specific objectives to solve the high prevalence of chronic health problems. nursing plans. and an evaluation plan.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2011

Objectives: The aim of the present study is to elucidate the relationship of community capacity to health in a metropolitan area in Korea. To do so, a multi-level model to verify the contextual effects of community capacity is presented. Methods: The study materials are the "The 4th Seoul Citizens Health Indicators Surveys" on 404 dong in Seoul. The community capacity indicators were developed in two strata: individual-level indicators with community identity domain; and community-level indicators with participation in community organizations, number of non-profit organizations, degree of organizing of community-based organizations, and volunteer activities. Results: Higher unhealthy probability occurs among those with lower community capacity at the community level, lower individual income, and lower community satisfaction at the individual level. It contributed to explaining self-rated health status and showed that there were contextual effects of the community going beyond the compositional effects of the individual. Conclusions: In the process of building community capacity, a community autonomously finds pending issues and solves related problems, and in so doing, raises the social quality and establishes the conditions for health promotion. Thus, the significance of neighborhood needs to be discovered and created in a new way through the development of community capacity.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.487-494
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• 2023

Objectives: Community organization is a resident-led movement aimed at creating fundamental social changes in the community by resolving its problems through the organized power of its residents. This study evaluated the effectiveness of health community organization (HCO), Gangwon's Health-Plus community program, implemented from 2013 to 2019 on residents' health behaviors. Methods: This study had a before-and-after design using 2011-2019 Korea Community Health Survey data. To compare the 3-year periods before and after HCO implementation, the study targeted areas where the HCO had been implemented for 4 years or longer. Therefore, a total of 4512 individuals from 11 areas with HCO start years from 2013 to 2016 were included. Complex sample multi-logistic regression analysis adjusting for demographic characteristics (sex, age, residential area, income level, education level, and HCO start year) was conducted. Results: HCO implementation was associated with decreased current smoking (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.57 to 0.95) and subjective stress recognition (aOR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64 to 0.97). Additionally, the HCO was associated with increased walking exercise practice (aOR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.13 to 1.71), and attempts to control weight (aOR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.64). No significant negative changes were observed in other health behavior variables. Conclusions: The HCO seems to have contributed to improving community health indicators. In the future, a follow-up study that analyzes only the effectiveness of the HCO through structured quasi-experimental studies will be needed.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.69-97
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• 2003

This study focuses on the determinants of the community health service utilization. Theories suggest seven models for community health service utilization, which are divided largely into two groups such as Health Service Supply Model and Health Service Demand Model: Supply Model includes Medical Implements Model, Personnel and Budget Model, Management System Model, Staffs' Behavior Model, Service Quality Model; Demand Model includes Area Model and Clients' Characteristics Model. This paper tests how the above models influence on the community health service utilization. After interviewing some administrative staffs of the Community Health Service Center at Pusan, questionnaires were made and mailed to the staffs of 198 Korean Community Health Service Center as a universe, among which from 98 centers we got response. Analyzing the data from the questionnaires, we found "the number of personnels in the health service center" and "demands for medical service" as important variables to affect the utilization of the community health service center. These two variables are typical factors representing Supply Model and Demand Model each. However, the variables selected from Management System Model, Administrative Behavior Model, Service Quality Model and Area model are not significant in a statistical sense. The paper suggests that to recruit the personnels, especially nurses, and to make out the demands of the clients for health service be the precedent conditions to increase the utilization of the Community Health Service Centers in Korea.ce Centers in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.108-115
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of psychiatric and community mental health nurses' job satisfaction. Methods: This was a descriptive and correlational study in which 151 psychiatric and community mental health nurses (PCMHNs) took part between September and October 2009. Results: The mean score for job satisfaction of the participants was 3.25. In job satisfaction, there were significant differences between psychiatric and community mental health nurse practitioner (PCMHNP) and nurse in community mental health center. All variables except role conflict were positively correlated with job satisfaction. As a result, factors influencing job satisfaction were reward system (${\beta}$=.46, p<.001), self-esteem (${\beta}$=.35, p<.001), leadership (${\beta}$= .27, p<.001), career as a PCMHNP (${\beta}$=-.12, p<.007), job-related characteristics (${\beta}$=.11, p<.24), and career as a nurse in community mental health center (${\beta}$=.09. p<.045). These factors explained 70.3% of the total variance. Conclusion: The results indicated that the comprehensive understanding of job satisfaction to the independent variables could suggest the way how to increase the job satisfaction for psychiatric and community mental health nurse who are a catalysts promoting mental health in community mental health center.