• Spatial Information Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.43-52
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• 2014

Recently, Big Data is a buzzword in the creative economy generation. The organizations related to spatial information society focus on building the spatial big data systems. As spatial big data is a combination of spatial information and big data, the data visualization is essential in order to utilize them efficiently. One of the great methodologies for data visualization is infographics. Nationally, Chousn.com initiated the infographics news in 2010. Korean Administration Branches also recognized the importance of infographic and they adopted infographics for their briefings from 2013. Internationally, Visual.ly is leading company in the infographics market and they produced noticeable interactive infographics for Egypt Parliamentary Elections results. In the defense part, Guardian's datajournalism of Afghanistan war log was a good example of utilizing infographics. Throughout the research, five requirements are extracted. First source data should have precision and accuracy in terms of time and space manner. Second, infographics images have a compressibility. Third, the infographics is properly processed for military commanders. Fourth, sharing, openness and communication are essential for high quality infographic. Lastly, infographics should be an analytic tool for predicting future event based on the past data. Infographics is not a direct representation of data but an analytic tool for helping user's choice and decision in critical moments.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.49-60
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• 2018

Cultural content is also the result of 'creation', but it is also the 'process' of understanding creation, practice, and difference. Therefore, content should be selected as high-quality content that fills the contents of fusion and knowledge, while it is popular. Confucius, the founder of East Asian humanism, influenced the philosophy of food and shelter, and the dietary life in the late Joseon period. Confucius influenced not only Confucian scholars but also the food hall of the Joseon Dynasty. "mwon-kyungje" Jeongjo-ji is an encyclopedia of food and cuisine, which consists of four volumes of seven chapters and deals with ingredients, recipes and benefits of foods and the relevant taboos. Here the author compiled more than a thousand recipes not just for meat and vegetable dishes but for various kinds of beverage such as soft and boiled drink, for confectionery sweets such as honey cookies and sugar candies, and even for wine and liquor "mwon-kyungje" As he lived to the age of 72, he looked back at his life and said that he should be careful about what to do and how to do well. The food culture of Confucius has been recorded in the daily life of the Josin period and is influenced by Suwon Seo-gu, "mwon-kyungje".

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.53-67
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• 2002

The multimedia synchronization is one of the key issues to be resolved in order to provide a good quality of multimedia related services, such as Video on Demands(VoD), Lecture on Demands(LoD), and tele-conferences. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive multimedia synchronization algorithm using the level of buffers and load of servers, which are modeled and analyzed by ExSpect, a Petri net based simulation tool. In the proposed algorithm, the audio and video buffers are divided to 5 different levels, and the pre-defined play-out speed controller tries to make the buffer level to be normal in different temporal relations between multimedia streams using buffer levels and server loads. Because each multimedia packet is played by the pre-defined play-out speed, the media data can be reproduced within the permissible limit of errors while preserving the level of buffers to be normal. The proposed algorithm is able to handle and support various communication restrictions between providers and users, and offers little jitter play-out to many users in networks with the limited transmission capability. The performance of the developed algorithm is analyzed in various network conditions using a Petri net simulation tool.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

The objective of the imaging pipeline is to transform the original scene into a display image that appear similar, Generally, gamma adjustment or histogram-based method is modified to improve the contrast and detail. However, this is insufficient as the intensity and the chromaticity of illumination vary with geometric position. Thus, MSR (Multi-Scale Retinex) has been proposed. the MSR is based on a channel-independent logarithm, and it is dependent on the scale of the Gaussian filter, which varies according to input image. Therefore, after correcting the color, image quality degradations, such as halo, graying-out, and dominated color, may occur. Accordingly, this paper presents a novel color correction method using a modified image formation model in which the image is divided into three components such as global illumination, local illumination, and reflectance. The global illumination is obtained through Gaussian filtering of the original image, and the local illumination is estimated by using JND-based adaptive filter. Thereafter, the reflectance is estimated by dividing the original image by the estimated global and the local illumination to remove the influence of the illumination effects. The output image is obtained based on sRGB color representation. The experiment results show that the proposed method yields better performance of color correction over the conventional methods.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.443-470
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• 2003

This study is to consider economic, political, socio-cultural and environmental characteristics of the new urbanization process and its spatial structures and urban policy of Seoul in the 1990s. Some experimental findings which have been identified throughout this study can be summarized as follows. First of all, Seoul, the largest city in S.Korea has experienced a restructuring process of economy, which has been promoted by the development of producer services as well as knowledge- based or high tech industries. Secondly, the autonomy of Seoul has increased after the introduction of local self-government, with relatively higher self-management of local finance than other cities, strengthening the tendency of enterpreneurialism, empowering civil movements, and increasing the political participation of women. Thirdly, in the socio-cultural aspect, the material wants to gain a certain identity through consumption, using urban environments culturally, varying consuming attitudes and ways of leisure times in relation with the rapid development of transportation and information communication. Fourthly, in the environmental aspect, Seoul has tried to introduce the concept of sustainable development in terms of increasing wants on the quality of life, and to develop a pro-environmental eco-city with environmental rehabilitation, constructing green space and eco-park. Finally, in the spatial dimension, Seoul has shown a structuration of multi-centers, with highly spectacular urban landscapes and seemingly authentic urban planning. These results make us confirm that Seoul has been in the process of new urbanization which can be distinguished from the previous one.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2003

Purpose : To evaluate the relationship between morphometric analysis of bone microstructure from digital radiographic image and trabecular bone strength. Materials and Methods : One hundred eleven bone specimens with 5 mm thickness were obtained from the mandibles of 5 pigs. Digital images of specimens were taken using a direct digital intraoral radiographic system. After selection of ROI (100 × 100 pixel) within the trabecular bone, mean gray level and standard deviation were obtained. Fractal dimension and the variants of morphometric analysis (trabecular area, periphery, length of skeletonized trabeculae, number of terminal point, number of branch point) were obtained from ROI. Punch sheer strength analysis was performed using Instron (model 4465, Instron Corp., USA). The loading force (loading speed 1 mm/min) was applied to ROI of bone specimen by a 2 mm diameter punch. Stress-deformation curve was obtained from the punch sheer strength analysis and maximum stress, yield stress, Young's modulus were measured. Results: Maximum stress had a negative linear correlation with mean gray level and fractal dimension significantly (p<0.05). Yield stress had a negative linear correlation with mean gray level, periphery, fractal dimension and the length of skeletonized trabeculae significantly (p < 0.05). Young's modulus had a negative linear correlation with mean gray level and fractal dimension significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusions : The strength of cancellous bone exhibited a significantly linear relationship between mean gray level, fractal dimension and morphometric analysis. The methods described above can be easily used to evaluate bone quality clinically.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.38
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• pp.284-308
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• 1999

This study is about the nationwide research concerning the degree and trends of marital conflict and instability. The research samples are 1,217 married. As the result of the research, the most conflict able issues in Korean couples are on the husband-wife relations, such as habitual differences, sharing in houseworks, conflicts in the role expectation, and the communication problems. In this study, We devide the marital relationships into 4 types (A, B, C, and D) in the view of the satisfaction & instability of marriage. First, the marriage with unsatisfaction and instability (A) was portioned 8.3%, and the satisfactory & stable type (D) was portioned 68.4%. It seems the marital relationships in Korea are relatively stable. However, the portion of type B-unsatisfactory, but stable couples-is 17.1% and the type C-satisfactory, but unstable marriage 6.2%. The result implies that the indication of marital instability should consider not only the divorce rate, but also the quality of marital relationships. In other words, the intervention for the conflict couples yet not divorce is needed. The differences of conflict areas among the relational types is not so much, but the degrees on conflicts are very serious. Especially, in the areas of marital conflict, love issues and personal value system affect the division of relational types of marriage most. It means the interaction factors are the most important variables about maintaining the marital relations with stable and satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.1448-1452
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• 2004

In this paper, a photodiode capable of obtaining a sufficient photo/ dark current ratio at both a forward bias state and a reverse bias state is proposed. The photodiode includes a glass substrate, an Cr thin film formed as a lower electrode over the glass substrate, Cr silicide thin film(∼l00$\AA$) ) formed as a schottky barrier over the Cr thin film, a hydrogenated amorphous silicon film formed as a photo conduction layer over a portion of the Cr silicide thin film. Transparent conduction film ITO (thickness 100nm) formed as an upper electrode over the hydro-generated amorphous silicon film is then deposited in pure argon at room temperature for the Schottky contact and light window. The high quality Cr silicide thin film using annealing of Cr and a-Si:H is formed and analyzed by experiment. We have obtained the film with a superior characteristics. The dark current of the ITO/a-Si:H Schottky at a reverse bias of -5V is ∼3$\times$IO-12 A/un2, and one of the lowest reported, hitherto. AES(Auger Electron Spectroscophy) measurements indicate that this notable improvement in device characteristics stems from reduced diffusion of oxygen, rather than indium, from the ITO into the a-Si:H layer, thus, preserving the integrity of the Schottky interface. The spectral response of the photodiode for wavelengths in the range from 400nm to 800nm shows the expected behavior whereby the photocurrent is governed by the absorption characteristics of a-Si:H.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.4 no.11
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• pp.369-382
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• 2015

Energy aware server clusters aim to reduce power consumption at maximum while keeping QoS(quality of service) compared to energy non-aware server clusters. They adjust the power mode of each server in a fixed or variable time interval to activate only the minimum number of servers needed to handle current user requests. Previous studies on energy aware server cluster put efforts to reduce power consumption or heat dissipation, but they do not consider energy efficiency well. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient cluster management method to improve not only performance per watt but also QoS of the existing server power mode control method based on autonomous learning. Our proposed method is to adjust server power mode based on a hybrid approach of autonomous learning method with multi level thresholds and power consumption prediction method. Autonomous learning method with multi level thresholds is applied under normal load situation whereas power consumption prediction method is applied under abnormal load situation. The decision on whether current load is normal or abnormal depends on the ratio of the number of current user requests over the average number of user requests during recent past few minutes. Also, a dynamic shutdown method is additionally applied to shorten the time delay to make servers off. We performed experiments with a cluster of 16 servers using three different kinds of load patterns. The multi-threshold based learning method with prediction and dynamic shutdown shows the best result in terms of normalized QoS and performance per watt (valid responses). For banking load pattern, real load pattern, and virtual load pattern, the numbers of good response per watt in the proposed method increase by 1.66%, 2.9% and 3.84%, respectively, whereas QoS in the proposed method increase by 0.45%, 1.33% and 8.82%, respectively, compared to those in the existing autonomous learning method with single level threshold.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.15B no.6
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• pp.575-584
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• 2008

According to the network condition, the communication network overload could be occurred when media transmitting. Many researches are being carried out to lessen the network overload, such as the filtering, load distributing, frame dropping and many other methods. Among these methods, one of effective method is frame dropping that reduces specified video frames for bandwidth diminution. B frames are dropped and then I, P frames are dropped according to dependency among the frames in frame dropping. This paper proposes a scheme for protecting copyrights by encryption, when we apply frame dropping to reduce bandwidth of media following MPEG-4 file format. We designed two kinds of frame dropping: first one stores and then sends the dropped files and the other drops frames in real-time when transmitting. We designed three kinds of encryption methods in which DES algorithm is used to encrypt MPEG-4 data: macro block encryption in I-VOP, macro block and motion vector encryption in P-VOP, and macro block and motion vector encryption in I, P-VOP. Based on these three methods, we implemented a digital right management solution for MPEG-4 data streaming. We compared the results of dropping, encryption, decryption and quality of video sequences to select an optimal method, and there is no noticeable difference between the video sequences recovered after frame dropping and the ones recovered without frame dropping. The best performance in encryption and decryption of frames was obtained when we apply the macro block and motion vector encryption in I, P-VOP.