• Title/Summary/Keyword: Communication error

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An Overview and Implication of Apology Law and Disclosure Law in U.S.A. (미국의 사과법 및 디스클로져법의 의의와 그 시사점)

  • Lee, Won;Park, Ji Yong;Jang, Seung-Gyeong
    • The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.81-111
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    • 2018
  • Recently in Korea, public interest about patient safety has increased because patient safety incidents occurred continuously. In addition, as the way of coping with medical personnel and medical institutions after occurrence of patient safety incident became controversial, the necessity of introducing apology law and disclosure law was raised. We analyzed the contents of apology law and disclosure law in U.S.A and critically examined the legislative movements in Korea. First, the Apology law requires that a medical personnel provide apology, consolation, sympathy to the patient for discomfort, pain, damage or death, and that the expression of apology shall be inadmissible as evidence of an admission of liability in civil action or administrative proceeding. The Apology law is divided into 'full apology law' and 'partial apology law' depending on whether mistake, error, fault, liability, and legal liability shall be inadmissible. Meanwhile, Disclosure law enforces or voluntarily enforces the law to communicate with the patient regarding the disclosure of the incident, the cause of incident, the compensation plan, and the measures to prevent the recurrence in the adverse incident that serious harm to the patient. In Korea, the concern about patient safety incidents has been amplified, and as the importance of communication between the medical personnel and patient has been recognized, the revision bill for the "Patient Safety Act", which adopted the U.S.A apology or disclosure law, was submitted to the National Assembly. The purpose of this study was to critically review the contents of the revised legislation based on the analysis of the apology law and disclosure law in U.S.A. and to provide implications for future legislative direction.

Fabrication of IMT-2000 Linear Power Amplifier using Current Control Adaptation Method in Signal Cancelling Loop (신호 제거 궤환부의 전류 제어 적응형 알고리즘을 이용한 IMT-2000용 선형화 증폭기 제작)

  • 오인열;이창희;정기혁;조진용;라극한
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.24-36
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    • 2003
  • The digital mobile communication will be developed till getting multimedia service in anyone, any where, any time. Theses requiring items are going to be come true via IMT-2000 system. Transmitting signal bandwidth of IMT-2000 system is 3 times as large as IS-95 system. That is mean peak to average of signal is higher than IS-95A system. So we have to design it carefully not to effect in adjacent channel. HPA(High Power Amplifier) located in the end point of system is operated in 1-㏈ compression point(Pl㏈), then it generates 3rd and 5th inter modulation signals. Theses signals affect at adjacent channel and RF signal is distorted by compressed signal which is operated near by Pl㏈ point. Then the most important design factor is how we make HPA having high linearity. Feedback, Pre-distorter and Feed-forward methods are presented to solve theses problems. Feed-forward of these methods is having excellent improving capacity, but composed with complex structure. Generally, Linearity and Efficiency in power amplifier operate in the contrary, then it is difficult for us to find optimal operating point. In this paper we applied algorithm which searches optimal point of linear characteristics, which is key in Power Amplifier, using minimum current point of error amplifier in 1st loop. And we made 2nd loop compose with new structure. We confirmed fabricated LPA is operated by having high linearity and minimum current condition with ACPR of -26 ㏈m max. @ 30㎑ BW in 3.515㎒ and ACLR of 48 ㏈c max@${\pm}$㎒ from 1W to 40W.

A study on vision system based on Generalized Hough Transform 2-D object recognition (Generalized Hough Transform을 이용한 이차원 물체인식 비젼 시스템 구현에 대한 연구)

  • Koo, Bon-Cheol;Park, Jin-Soo;Chien Sung-Il
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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    • v.33B no.1
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    • pp.67-78
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    • 1996
  • The purpose of this paper is object recognition even in the presence of occlusion by using generalized Hough transform(GHT). The GHT can be considered as a kind of model based object recognition algorithm and is executed in the following two stages. The first stage is to store the information of the model in the form of R-table (Reference table). The next stage is to identify the existence of the objects in the image by using the R-table. The improved GHT method is proposed for the practical vision system. First, in constructing the R-table, we extracted the partial arc from the portion of the whole object boundary, and this partial arc can be used for constructing the R-table. Also, clustering algorithm is employed for compensating an error arised by digitizing an object image. Second, an efficient method is introduced to avoid Ballard's use of 4-D array which is necessary for estimating position, orientation and scale change of an object. Only 2-D array is enough for recognizing an object. Especially, scale token method is introduced for calculating the scale change which is easily affected by camera zoom. The results of our test show that the improved hierarchical GHT method operates stably in the realistic vision situation, even in the case of object occlusion.

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CoAP-based Time Synchronization Algorithm in Sensor Network (센서 네트워크에서의 CoAP 기반 시각 동기화 기법)

  • Kim, Nac-Woo;Son, Seung-Chul;Park, Il-Kyun;Yu, Hong-Yeon;Lee, Byung-Tak
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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    • v.52 no.3
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    • pp.39-47
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, we propose a new time synchronization algorithm using CoAP(constrained-application protocol) in sensor network environment, which handles a technique that synchronizes an explicit timestamp between sensor nodes not including an additional module for time-setting and sensor node gateway linked to internet time server. CoAP is a standard protocol for sensor data communication among sensor nodes and sensor node gateway to be built much less memory and power supply in constrained network surroundings including serious network jitter, packet losses, etc. We have supplied an exact time synchronization implementation among small and cheap IP-based sensor nodes or non-IP based sensor nodes and sensor node gateway in sensor network using CoAP message header's option extension. On behalf of conventional network time synchronization method, as our approach uses an exclusive protocol 'CoAP' in sensor network, it is not to become an additional burden for synchronization service to sensor nodes or sensor node gateway. This method has an average error about 2ms comparing to NTP service and offers a low-cost and robust network time synchronization algorithm.

Design and Analysis of 4D-8PSK-TCM System Considering the Nonlinear HPA Environment (비선형 HPA 환경을 고려한 4D-8PSK-TCM 시스템의 설계 및 분석)

  • An, Changyoung;Ryu, Sang-Burm;Lee, Sang-Gyu;Ryu, Heung-Gyoon
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.299-307
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    • 2018
  • Considering a nonlinear high power amplifier(HPA) and a predistorter, we have designed a four-dimensional 8-ary phase shift keying trellis-coded modulation(4D-8PSK-TCM) system, which is recommended for X-band satellite communications. Subsequently, we have evaluated and analyzed the spectrum, constellation characteristics, and BER performance of the system. In satellite communications, owing to the limited power, nonlinear characteristics that determine the operating point of the HPA must be analyzed because the HPA consumes high power. We herein report the design of the 4D-8PSK-TCM system, with efficiencies of 2 and 2.25 bits/channel-symbol. The simulation results confirmed that a 0.35 roll-off value is effective, considering the low peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR) characteristic and the narrow occupation bandwidth of the spectrum. It also confirmed that approximately 15~20 dB of output backoff(OBO) value is required at the HPA when the predistorter is not used, and approximately 1 dB of the OBO value is required when the predistorter is used.

Improvement of SNPs detection efficient by reuse of sequences in Genotyping By Sequencing technology (유전체 서열 재사용을 이용한 Genotyping By Sequencing 기술의 단일 염기 다형성 탐지 효율 개선)

  • Baek, Jeong-Ho;Kim, Do-Wan;Kim, Junah;Lee, Tae-Ho
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.19 no.10
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    • pp.2491-2499
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    • 2015
  • Recently, the most popular technique to determine the Genotype, genetic features of individual organisms, is the GBS based on SNP from sequences determined by NGS. As analyzing the sequences by the GBS, TASSEL is the most used program to identify the genotypes. But, TASSEL has limitation that it uses only the partial sequences that is obtained by NGS. We tried to improve the efficiency in use of the sequences in order to solve the limitation. So, we constructed new data sets by quality checking, filtering the unused sequences with error rate below 0.1% and clipping the sequences considering the location of barcode and enzyme. As a result, approximately over 17% of the SNP detection efficiency was increased. In this paper, we suggest the method and the applied programs in order to detect more SNPs by using the disused sequences.

Interference Alignment in 2-user X Channel System with Orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal Space-time Block Codes (직교 및 준직교 시공간 블록 부호를 통한 2-사용자 X 채널에서의 간섭정렬)

  • Mohaisen, Islam;Lee, Saet-byeol;Mohaisen, Manar;Elaydi, Hatem
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.19 no.8
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    • pp.1785-1796
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, we investigate achieving the full diversity order and power gains in case of using OSTBCs and quasi-OSBCs in the x channel system with interference alignment with more than 2 antennas at each terminal. A slight degradation is remarked in the case of quasi-OSTBCs. In terms of receiver structure, we show that due to the favorable structure of the channel matrices, the simple zero-forcing receiver achieves the full diversity order, while the interference cancellation receiver leads to degradations in performance. As compared to the conventional scheme, simulation results demonstrate that our proposed schemes achieve 14dB and 16.5dB of gain at a target bit error rate (BER) of 10-4 in the case of OSTBCs with 3 and 4 antennas at each terminal, respectively, while achieving the same spectral efficiency. Also, a gain of 10dB is achieved at the same target BER in the case of quasi-OSTBC with 4 antennas at each terminal.

LDPC Decoder for WiMAX/WLAN using Improved Normalized Min-Sum Algorithm (개선된 정규화 최소합 알고리듬을 적용한 WiMAX/WLAN용 LDPC 복호기)

  • Seo, Jin-Ho;Shin, Kyung-Wook
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.876-884
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    • 2014
  • A hardware design of LDPC decoder which is based on the improved normalized min-sum(INMS) decoding algorithm is described in this paper. The designed LDPC decoder supports 19 block lengths(576~2304) and 6 code rates(1/2, 2/3A, 2/3B, 3/4A, 3/4B, 5/6) of IEEE 802.16e mobile WiMAX standard and 3 block lengths(648, 1296, 1944) and 4 code rates(1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6) of IEEE 802.11n WLAN standard. The decoding function unit(DFU) which is a main arithmetic block is implemented using sign-magnitude(SM) arithmetic and INMS decoding algorithm to optimize hardware complexity and decoding performance. The LDPC decoder synthesized using a 0.18-${\mu}m$ CMOS cell library with 100 MHz clock has 284,409 gates and RAM of 62,976 bits, and it is verified by FPGA implementation. The estimated performance depending on code rate and block length is about 82~218 Mbps at 100 MHz@1.8V.

Timestamps based sequential Localization for Linear Wireless Sensor Networks (선형 무선 센서 네트워크를 위한 시각소인 기반의 순차적 거리측정 기법)

  • Park, Sangjun;Kang, Jungho;Kim, Yongchul;Kim, Young-Joo
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.21 no.10
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    • pp.1840-1848
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    • 2017
  • Linear wireless sensor networks typically construct a network topology with a high reliability through sequential 1:1 mapping among sensor nodes, so that they are used in various surveillance applications of major national infrastructures. Most existing techniques for identifying sensor nodes in those networks are using GPS, AOA, and RSSI mechanisms. However, GPS or AOA based node identification techniques affect the size or production cost of the nodes so that it is not easy to construct practical sensor networks. RSSI based techniques may have a high deviation regrading location identification according to propagation environments and equipment quality so that complexity of error correction algorithm may increase. We propose a timestamps based sequential localization algorithm that uses transmit and receive timestamps in a message between sensor nodes without using GPS, AOA, and RSSI techniques. The algorithms for distance measurement between each node are expected to measure distance within up to 1 meter in case of an crystal oscillator of 300MHz or more.

Methodology for Determining RSE Spacing for Vehicle-Infrastructure Integration(VII) Based Traffic Information System (Focused on Uninterrupted Traffic Flow) (차량-인프라 연계(VII) 기반 교통정보시스템의 RSE 설치간격 결정 방법론 (연속류를 중심으로))

  • Park, Jun-Hyeong;O, Cheol;Im, Hui-Seop;Gang, Gyeong-Pyo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.29-44
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    • 2009
  • A variety of research efforts, using advanced wireless communication technologies, have been made to develop more reliable traffic information system. This study presents a novel decentralized traffic information system based on vehicle infrastructure integration (VII). A major objective of this study was also to devise a methodology for determining appropriate spacing of roadside equipment (RSE) to fully exploit the benefits of the proposed VII-based traffic information system. Evaluation of travel time estimation accuracy was conducted with various RSE spacings and the market penetration rates of equipped vehicle. A microscopic traffic simulator, VISSIM, was used to obtain individual vehicle travel information for the evaluation. In addition, the ANOVA tests were conducted to draw statistically significant results of simulation analyses in determining the RSE spacing. It is expected that the proposed methodology will be a valuable precursor to implementing capability-enhanced next generation traffic information systems under the forthcoming ubiquitous transportation environment.