• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.188-194
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• 2022

Background: Medial elbow laxity develops in throwing athletes due to valgus forces. Medial elbow instability in professional, collegiate, and high school athletes is well documented; however, the medial elbow of young throwing athletes has received less attention. This study investigated the medial elbow and common flexor tendon during applied elbow valgus stress of youth baseball players. Methods: The study included 15 participants. The medial elbow width and thickness of the common flexor tendon were measured on ultrasound images. Results: No significant side differences in medial elbow width or common flexor tendon were found at rest or under applied valgus stress. At rest, the medial elbow joint width was 3.34±0.94 mm on the dominant side and 3.42±0.86 mm on the non-dominant side. The dominant side increased to 3.83±1.02 mm with applied valgus stress, and the non-dominant side increased to 3.96±1.04 mm. The mean flexor tendon thickness was 3.89±0.63 mm on the dominant side and 4.02±0.70 mm on the non-dominant side. Conclusions: These findings differ from similar studies in older throwing athletes, likely because of the lack of accumulated stress on the medial elbow of youth throwing athletes. Maintaining elbow stability in young throwing athletes is a vital step to preventing injury later in their careers.

• 정신신체의학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.58-63
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• 1995

The author introduced 12 session short term dynamic psychotherapy for the intervention of stress related disorders. An examplary case was introduced to suggest the clinal usefulness of time limitted short term dynamic psychotherapy for stress related disorders. It was suggested that the term "stress" should be limitted to certain natural and man-made catastrophies and disasters whose consequences rep quire a total reorganization of the person. Common defensive manuvers and psychological responses in the stress disorders were also reviewed.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제12호
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• pp.177-200
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• 2006

본 연구는 민간경비원의 직무스트레스가 이직의사에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 연구의 목적이 있으며, 2005년 현재 경찰청에 등록된 서울 및 수도권 소재 민간경비업체 중, 50명 이상 근무하고 있는 업체를 모집단으로 설정하였다. 선정된 경비업체의 민간경비원을 표집대상으로 설정한 후 유층집락무선표집법(stratified cluster random sampling)과 할당표집방법(quota sampling)을 병행 사용하여 표본을 추출하였다. 조사도구는 설문지를 사용하였으며, 타당도와 신뢰도 분석을 통해 검증을 실시한 후 사용하였다. 데이터는 각 목적에 맞게 부호화하여 입력시킨 후 사회과학통계 프로그램인 SPSS 12.0 version을 이용하여 전산처리 하였다. 이와 같은 방법과 절차에 따른 자료 분석을 통하여 본 연구에서 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 민간경비원의 사회인구학적 특성에 따라 직무스트레스 및 이직의사의 차이를 검증한 결과 부분적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 직무스트레스와 이직의사의 상관과계 분석 결과 직무환경과 이직의사에서 정적인 관계를 나타내었다. 셋째, 민간경비원의 직무스트레스가 이직의사에 미치는 영향을 검증한 결과 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국공작기계학회논문집
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2006

The strength estimation is carried out for injection molded plastic stepped gear. The stepped gear is considered as a plate model which is fixed by two edges and freed on the other sides. The stress of common normal gear is calculated by Lewis formula which can be derived quite simply from the equation fur the stress at the root of a cantilever beam. Stress ratio(step factor) between the common normal gear and stepped gear is proposed for the ratio of the bending stress of normal gear and that of stepped gear. This study proposes the step factor added in Dupont equation which is used for strength estimation of injection molded plastic stepped gear.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2023

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to suggest the clinical characteristics and risk factors of facial palsy from the perspective of Korean Medicine. Methods: Medical records of 856 patients, who visited the Korean Medicine hospital with facial palsy from 2004 to 2019, were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical characteristics of facial palsy were suggested by figuring out the distribution of age, sex, occupation, onset season, obesity, modes, signs, symptoms, past and family history. Results: By gender, there were more males (54.6%), and the most common age groups were in their 50s (27.4%) and 40s (23.6%). As for the occupation, unemployed (27.7%) and service and sales workers (14.6%) were the most common, and the onset season was the most common in winter (28.9%). The most common clinical characteristics were overwork (33.0%), mental stress (24.8%), and exposure to cold (19.3%) in modes, 'none' (64.3%), postauricular pain (33.2%) in signs, postauricular pain (26.9%), parageusia (14.8%) in symptoms. Hypertension and diabetes were the most common in both past and family history. In particular, the obesity rate of the subjects (59.8%) was much higher than that of Koreans (32.8%). Conclusions: Based on the historical Korean Medicine literature and the results of this study, it is suggested that overwork, stress, exposure to cold, and obesity are identified as risk factors for facial palsy. Furthermore, dysfunction of the stomach meridian is thought to contribute to the cause of facial palsy.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.79-93
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• 1999

The common accelerated life test(ALT) consists of test methods applying a constant stress, higher than the use condition stress, to items. There we, however, situations for which a progressive stress ALT, in which the stress on a test item is continuously increased with time, Is more convenient to perform testing and simpler in analyzing data than a constant stress ALT. When a product under constant stress s follows a Weibull distribution with parameters $\theta$(5) and $\beta$, maximum likelihood(ML) estimators of parameters involved in the model are obtained and their asymptotic distributions are derived under stress bounded ramp tests in which the stress is increased linearly from use condition stress to the stress upper bound. The optimum test plans are also found which minimize the asymptotic variance of the ML estimator of the log mean life at design constant stress. For selected values of the design parameters, tables useful for finding optimal test plans are given. The effect of the pre-estimates of design parameters is studied.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권4_2호
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• pp.649-656
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• 2023

Recently, global warming has become severe, and regulation is established for carbon savings each field. its regulation is applied to various fields using IC engine such as automobile, ship, agricultural machine. Therefore engine block applied Common Rail Direct Injection(CRDI) technology, that carry out thermal-structure analysis to examine design. The thermal load about 900℃ by explosion was applied in cylinder. And pressure about 9 MPa(90 Bar) was applied to structure analysis. As a result, it was the highest at 185.99℃ at the top of cylinder. Static-structure analysis applied thermal load, that was shown maximum equivalent stress at 142.59 Mpa and Maximum principal stress 145.03 MPa, Minimum principal stress -149 MPa. When compare analysis results to material property, it design is safety structurally.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.598-606
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• 2020

본 연구는 학교 유형별 고등학생의 스트레스 인지 요인과 이에 대한 양상을 분석하였다. 연구대상은 제14차 청소년건강행태조사 원시자료 중 연구 목적에 부합하는 29,380명이다. 스트레스 인지와 관련 있는 요인을 일반적 특성, 건강행태 특성, 건강상태 특성으로 구분하였다. 연구대상 요인에 대하여 동일 유형의 고등학교 집단 내 분석 및 집단 간 분석을 시행하였다. 연구를 통해 나타난 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 일반계 고등학교 학생 집단이 특성화 고등학교 학생 집단에 비해 유의하게 스트레스 인지가 높았다. 두 학교 유형에서 스트레스 인지는 다수의 공통적인 요인들과 집단 특이적 요인들이 관련되어 있었다. 공통으로 스트레스 인지와 관련이 있는 주요 요인은 우울감 경험, 주관적 건강상태 인지, 주관적 수면충족 그리고 성별 순이었다. 그러나 각각의 요인들이 스트레스 인지와 관련이 있는 양상은 학교 유형에 따라 차이가 있었다. 따라서 고등학교 청소년들의 스트레스 파악 및 중재를 위한 정책 수립에서 공통적인 스트레스 인지 관련 요인을 고려함과 동시에 각 집단의 특성을 충분히 인지하고 반영하는 노력을 해야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.14-30
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the independent role of sub-dimensions of job stress, DiSC(R) type of personal behavior, and organizational social capital on job satisfaction and to identify the structural relation among them. Method: Study subjects were 317 registrated nurses employed in 4 general hospitals in a metropolitan city. Results: As the results of multiple regression analysis, the factors influenced independently on overall job satisfaction were as follows; job stress were significantly decreased job satisfaction. Regarding DiSC, job satisfaction of influence type was significantly higher than that of conscientiousness type. Of sub-dimension of OCS, the higher common value and reciprocity were, the high over all job satisfaction, but in a sub-dimension(trust), the relationship was reversed. Major findings of structural equation model analysis were as follows. Regarding DiSC, there were founded only direct effect on job satisfaction(D, i, S>C in relations with peer and others, job performance, retrospectively). Regarding common value of OCS, there were founded significant positive direct effect and indirect effect via job stress on all sub-dimensions of job satisfaction. Regarding trust of OCS, there were founded negative direct effect alone on 2 sub-dimensions of job satisfaction(work itself, job performance). Regarding trust of OCS, there were founded positive direct and indirect effect on satisfaction towards work itself, and indirect effect alone on 2 sub-dimensions(relations with peer and others, job performance). Conclusion: Summing up above finding, to manage job satisfaction of nurses, it is suggested for nursing staffs to provide behavioral training programs according to type of DiSC(R) and to introduce strategic programs fostering organizational social capital such as common vision and reciprocity.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.585-599
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• 2006

This paper describes a series of laboratory tests carried out to evaluate the influence of bed joint orientation on interlocking grouted stabilised mud-flyash brick masonry under uniaxial cyclic compressive loading. Five cases of loading at $0^{\circ}$, $22.5^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, $67.5^{\circ}$ and $90^{\circ}$ with the bed joints were considered. The brick units and masonry system developed by Prof. S.N. Sinha were used in present investigation. Eighteen specimens of size $500mm{\times}100mm{\times}700mm$ and twenty seven specimens of size $500mm{\times}100mm{\times}500mm$ were tested. The envelope stress-strain curve, common point curve and stability point curve were established for all five cases of loading with respect to bed joints. A general analytical expression is proposed for these curves which fit reasonably well with the experimental data. Also, the stability point curve has been used to define the permissible stress level in the brick masonry.