• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.101-110
• /
• 2002

The common cold is the most common pediatric infectious disease and occupies a great number of outpatients in oriental pediatrics. Because children's common cold has characteristic symptoms, we studied 276 children suffering from common cold Oriental Medicine Hospital in Kyungsan University and analyzed sex, age, chief complaints, characteristic symptoms.(period : summer 2001. 6.1.-2001.8.31, winter 2001.12.1-2002. 2. 28) The results were as follows : 1. Male to female ratios were 17: 1 in summer, 1.2: 1 in winter, 1.4: 1 in total 2. Age distribution of children from 0 to 1 was 20.29%, from 1 to 3 was 39.49%, from 3 to 6 was 32.97%, from 6 to 10 was 7.27%, over 10 was 0%, from 0 to 6 was 92.75%. 3. Frequency of chief complaints In summer : cough was 22.28%, nasal discharge was 18.39%, fever was 16.58%, secretion and sputum were 14.50%, sweating was 6.99%, nausea or vomitting were 4.92% etc. In winter : cough was 24.20%, nasal discharge was 18.03%, secretion and sputum were 16.43%, occlusion of nares was 11.64%, fever was 9.58%, nausea or vomitting were 3.88% etc. Frequency of chief complaints has seasonal difference. 4. Children's common cold has characteristic symptoms and seasonal difference. 5. Children's common cold has characteristic clinical subtype.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.125-137
• /
• 1999

The common cold is the most common pediatric infectious disease, and the incidence is higher in early childhood than in any other period of life. Treatment of the common cold is largely symptomatic. Thus treatment of oriental medicine for the common cold is very effective and safe. We studied 81 children suffering from common cold Oriental Medicine Hospital in Kyunghee University, and analyzed age, sex, season, clinical manifestation, complications, prescription. The results were as follows: 1. Age and sex distribution of children from 1 to 3 was 37.1%, 3 to 6 was 34.6%, over 6 was 24.7%, male to female ratio was 1.31 : 1 2. Frequency of affection per year, from 3 to 5 was 30.9%, 6 to 9 was 29.6%, over 10 was 27.2%, below 3 was 4.9% 3. Frequency of seasons giving rising to common cold, winter was 40.7%, spring and autumn were 16%, summer was 1.2%. 4. Frequency of complications, empyema and rhinitis were 38.3%, asthma was 21%, pneumonia was 16%, atopic dermatitis was 7.4%. 5. Frequency of Clinical manifestation, cough and sputum were 45.7%, high fever and sore throat were 27.2%, complex symptom was 25.9%. 6. Frequency of prescription, BoAh-Tang-gami(補兒湯加味)was 27.2% BangPungHaeDoc-Tang(防風解毒湯)was 11.1 %, GamiGinHae-Tang (加味鎭咳湯)was 11.1%.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.347-362
• /
• 1995

The treament of common cold in oriental medicine is different from that of mordern medicine. In mordern medicine, the treatment is indiscriminat and allopathic, but it is varied by many factors - immunity, palpation, and constitution etc. - in oriental medicine. I reported that the relations of immunity, symptoms, diagnosis and medication.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.62-70
• /
• 2011

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between cold hypersensitivity and common health indexes including dyspepsia, headache, defecation, leucorrhea, and menstruation in young women. Methods: 40 outpatients who visited Kangnam Kyung-Hee Oriental Hospital from January, 2010 to November, 2011 were analyzed. The experimental group consisted of 20 patients diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity, while the control group consisted of 20 patients who were not. All patients were subjected to Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging(DITI), and those with thermal difference greater than $2^{\circ}C$ between anterior thigh and top of feet were diagnosed with cold hypersensitivity. The subjective characteristics of dyspepsia, headache, defecation, leucorrhea, and menstruation were obtained through inquiry by residents at the hospital. The relationship between cold hypersensitivity, dyspepsia, headache, defecation, leucorrhea, and menstruation was analyzed with Independent T-test using SPSS for Windows (version 17.0). Results: Means of defecation, leucorrhea, dysmenorrhea in cold hypersensitivity group were higher than control group without significant statistical difference. Dyspepsia appeared statistically higher in experimental group with significance while headache was the same in both groups. Means of menstrual cycle and menstrual coagulation were higher in non-cold hypersensitivity group, but there was no statistical difference. Conclusions: Results suggest that dyspepsia is common in cold hypersensitivity and treatment of cold hypersensitivity may relieve accompanying digestive problems.

• The Korean Nurse
• /
• v.11 no.3 s.59
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 1972

The common cold is a symptom complex caused by viral infection of the upper respiratory passages. Most precisely, the term applies to febrile, acute coryza of viral origin. In broadest sense, the common cold refers to any undifferentiated upper respirator

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.29 no.2
• /
• pp.165-181
• /
• 2008

Objectives: This study was conducted to help clinical studies for treating the common cold with Oriental medicine. We inspected tendencies of clinical studies of the common cold in western medicine and analyzed the assessing instruments for it by scrutinizing PubMed publications for the last five years. Materials and Methods: We inspected 32 theses and scrutinized their objectives, periods, participants, materials and methods, the instrument of assessment for the studies, and validity, reliability, criteria and symptom score for questionnaires, results and JADAD score. Results: 1. The median for total period of study was 7 months, the median for days of treatment was 7.5, and most studies were carried out during the winter/spring period, because of the enhanced risk of cold infections. 2. The studies focused on unorthodox medicines or new drug products, such as antipyretic analgesics (e.g. paracetamol), decongestant and bronchodilator (e.g. ephedrine), echinacea, antioxidants (e.g. zinc), probiotic bacteria and so on. 3. All theses except one had subjectscomposed of cold patients who were infected naturally. The median number of subjects for final analysis was 187. 4. 27 studies used survey as the instrument of assessment. Among these, only one thesis was verified for validity. 5. The mean of JADAD score was 4.41, suggesting most of theses of worth. 7 studies were assessed as ineffective. Conclusion: Recent studies of the common cold are focused on unorthodox medicines or new drug products, and it is necessary to provide an objective instrument for assessing common cold treatments.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.9-21
• /
• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study is to analyze sinusitis patients who visited the department of pediatrics, OO Korean medicine hospital by using their age and to classify the clinical type by Korean medical theory. Methods The study was conducted based on 178 cases that consisted of sinusitis patients (from 1 to 15 years old) who visited OO Korean medicine hospital from March 2014 to March 2015. We analyzed the age of patients and classified them by the clinical type by reviewing patient's charts. After that, we compared the results with the results of previous studies. Results and Conclusions 178 Patients were studied. 2-years-age group was 19.7% of the study group which was higher than that of previous studies. The Lung-Kidney Yin Deficiency (肺腎陰虛) group was 33.1%, Wind-Heat (風熱) group was 29.8% and the Wind-Cold (風寒) group 18.5%, Spleen-Lung Qi Deficiency (脾肺氣虛) group was 15.7% and the Heart-Spleen Qi Deficiency (心脾氣虛) group was 2.8% of the study group. Children are full of Yang but lack of Yin (陽常有餘陰常不足) so they easily transform into heat and fire (化熱化火). The patients who had sinusitis were most likely to suffer from the common cold for more than a week, once a month. 45.1% of the people from the study group was suffered from common cold more than a week, and 43.8% of the people got common cold once a months. About 21.6 % and 18.3% of the people got common cold twice a month and once every 2 months, respectively. The remaining 15.7% got cold during the season changes.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.49-57
• /
• 2009

Objectives：I want to examine the antimicrobial activity of Gwankeibujalijung-tang against Streptococcus pneumoniae 59 isolated from the mouth of a common cold patient. Methods： Antimicrobial activity was assayed through the hot water extract from Gwankeibujalijung-tang against Streptococcus pneumoniae 59 isolated from the mouth of a common cold patient. Results： The size of inhibition zone of Gwankeibujalijung-tang extract was 9.83 $\pm$ 0.11 mm. The optimal pH and temperature for the growth of isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae 59 were 7.0 and 37$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of Gwankeibujalijung-tang extract was 12 $\mu\ell$ and the antimicrobial activity of Gwankeibujalijung-tang extract was not destroyed by the heat (121$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min) and not affected by pH. Conclusions： Reviewing this experimental result, it appeared that Gwankeibujalijung-tang had efficacy against Streptococcus pneumoniae 59 isolated from the mouth of a common cold patient.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.340-350
• /
• 2011

1. Objectives: This clinical study was conducted to understand the differences between Sasang constitutional types and to identify the physical symptoms presentation specific to each Sasang constitutional type. 2. Methods: In this descriptive study, 2,629 subjects (1,061 Taeeum-type, 683 Soeum-type, 885 Soyang-type) were surveyed between Nov 1, 2007 and Jul 31, 2010. The subjective symptoms experienced by the subjects were collected using a Physical Symptoms questionnaire, and the subjects were interviewed by Sasang specialists who determined the subjects' constitutional type. The data (in crude number and percentage) was analyzed on the general characteristics, Sasang constitutional type, and physical symptoms using the SPSS 17.0 software. The symptomatic presentation in men and women were analyzed on Sasang constitutional distribution using the chi-square test. 3. Results: 1) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type were as follows: 'frequent aphthous lesions in the oral cavity', 'lingering fatigue after sleep', 'headache', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', and 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; 'physical deterioration presenting as problems in perspiration' and 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type; and 'excessive forgetfulness' in the Soyang type. 2) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type in men were as follows: 'Unilateral or bilateral headaches, 'frequent aphthous lesions in the oral cavity', 'common cold symptoms presenting as rhinorrhea or nasal congestion', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', and 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; and 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type. 3) The physical symptoms specific to each Sasang constitutional type in women were as follows: 'common cold symptoms presenting as headaches', 'common cold symptoms presenting as loss of appetite or indigestion', 'physical deterioration presenting as problems with digestion' in the Soeum type; and 'pain in knees', 'redness of eyes', 'dryness of mouth', 'common cold symptoms presenting as coughing', 'physical deterioration presenting as problems in perspiration', 'swelling and puffiness' in the Taeeum type. 4. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that physical symptoms present in constitutional type-specific patterns. Understanding of the personal Sasang constitutional type and systematic, personalized healthcare based on constitutional typology is anticipated to contribute to improved health management strategy.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.25-28
• /
• 1980

This study examined the cold hardiness of eight cultivars of common persimmon and six cultivars of sweet persimmon growing at the southern part of Korea, to know the most susceptible tissue part, timing of damage, and the difference in freezing resistance between the cultivars during the winter of '77-'78. The cold hardiness of winter bud, cambium and xylem parenchyma of the current year twig was measured on three collection dates; 10 / 26 / 77, 1 / 26 / 78 and 3 / 26 / 78. The results were obtained as follows, 1. The least cold hardy tissue part was winter bud during mid winter and early spring. 2. On the basis of the cold hardiness of the winter bud sweet persimmon cultivars appeared to be less cold hardy than common persimmon cultivars. In the cold hardiness of cambium and xylem parenchyma, there was no consistance differece between the two group of cultivars. 3. The late frost during early spring appeared to cause the most critical damage to the winter bud of persimmon.