• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.376-395
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• 1996

The neuropeptide substance P(SP) has been recognized to modulate immune systems, with close proximity between peptidergic sensory nerve endings and immune cells. These include the macrophage and neutrophil activation, IL-2 production in T cell, augmentation of Ig synthesis, mast cell degranulation, $PGE_2$ and collagenase secretion in synoviocytes. In this study I examined SP-induced various biological activities such as antimicrobial action, cytokine production, and mast cell degranulation in the presence or absence of other inflammatory cell activators. Antimicrobial studies showed that undifferentiated HL-60 cells were not affected by SP. However, SP significantly enhanced antimicrobial action of TPA-treated or dbcAMP-treated HL-60 cells which had been differentiated into PMN or macrophage/monocyte. I could not find synergistic relationship between SP and LPS in parallel experiments of the above. SP did not induce IL-l production from murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 whether costimulated with LPS or not. Mast cell degranulation was occured only when stimulated with high dose ($10^{-5}M$) of SP and the degree of this activation was slightly reduced by simultaneous application of $MIP-1{\alpha}$. In addition, CGRP which is known to be a common coexisting neuropeptide with SP within specific fibers did not augment the function of SP on mast cell degranulation. These results suggest that immunoregulatory activities of SP could be mediated through direct upregulation of various functions of immune cells and also upregulation of responsiveness of immune cells to other immune activators.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.196-205
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• 2018

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from metabolic reactions cause oxidative DNA damage, which results in oxidative tissue injury. Therefore, there is an increasing demand in the intake of high antioxidant sources in order to maintain a healthy environment in cells. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Malus domestica (apple), Pyrus communis L. (pear), Daucus carota L. (carrot), Brassica oleracea var. (broccoli), Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage), and Raphanus sativus L. (radish) obtained from the local market. Since these are common fruits and vegetables that are widely consumed, we aimed to investigate their beneficial properties, placing particular emphasis on their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The samples were processed via an indirect heating method and their properties were compared to their raw forms. Based on DPPH and ABTS assays, processed samples showed better antioxidant activities when compared to raw samples and processed pear samples exhibited the best antioxidant activity. The anti-inflammatory activities of the samples were also investigated in LPS-treated RAW 264.7 cells. mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines (iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6) was assessed using RT-PCR. As expected, processed samples exhibited better iNOS inhibition when compared to their raw forms and processed broccoli and cabbage samples exhibited outstanding anti-inflammatory effects. The samples, up to 1 mg/mL concentration, did not exhibit cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 cells as demonstrated by cell viability assays. Altogether, processed broccoli and cabbage samples exhibited the strongest anti-inflammatory properties.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.36 no.3 s.69
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• pp.1-24
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• 2005

Korean fishery wage system has been evolved with the different titles. However, Since the law of fishing crew was enacted in 1984, the fishery wage system has been established as a rate system, which is a legal term. The present rate system in practice shows various contents and modalities, depending on fisheries and regions, but the fisheries of large trawl cooperative employ a rate system of fixed plus rate wage. However, such change did not transform basically the properties of pure rate scheme. As well known, fishing vessel owners face an awful lot of difficulty in managing and controlling effectively the production process because fishing activities are carried out in the seas remote from the land. Thus, it tend to be inevitable for vessel owners to employ a rate system to induce fishermen's positive motivation for promoting productivity and saving operating costs. However, the rate system has worked out as a driving force, which induce an increase in production more strongly under the expansion of vessel numbers and power and the keener competition of fishing activities. Even though the control mechanism of fishing instruments are well established, fishermen become naturally to have an incentive to increase their fishing effort for maximizing production since they are able to raise their shares by maximizing the quantity harvested. Thus, as far as the rate system exists, fisheries administration may have much difficulty in realizing its fishery management goals only through vessel reduction and fishing gear regulations. Also, under the rate system fishery management authority may be in face of a serious dilemma between the spontaneous rate system and vessel reduction policy. If the realistic aspect of the rate system is recognized and resource restoration and profit promotion are main policy goals, it is necessary to develop effective ways to control vessel owners' and fishermen's production-maximizing motives at an appropriate level. From this point of view, it seems reasonable to introduce TAC system by species or by fisheries into the existing fishery system. The research results suggest that if the fisheries administration could understand clearly the spontaneous fisheries wage system, it would know the norm of TAC and the basic reasons for illegal fishing activities and thus it would be able to develop and implement more realistic resource management policies.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.88-101
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• 2011

This study aims to address the current status of ESD(Education for Sustainable Development) in Korean universities since UN DESD was launched in 2005, and to explore the possibilities and challenges in them. For this purpose we conducted questionnaire surveys and case studies on members of university communities which were engaged in green campus activities or interested in SD and ESD. Results of questionnaire surveys showed that most of those who answered the questionnaire were well aware of SD, but had comparatively low understanding of ESD. The highest number of respondents answered that since 2005 they had newly opened courses on SD or ESD, or added contents on SD or ESD to existing ones. Ratio of network participation among ESD-related universities was over 30%, and they appeared to have the highest partnership ratio with NGOs. Not many universities had policies for sustainable school management, and 'green space conservation and ecosystem protection' and 'energy and resource saving campaign and monitoring' were most common sustainable environment protection activities. Through case studies on eight universities, it was discovered that ESD programs in universities took various forms such as whole-university approaches, participatory courses and club activities. We suggest that it is needed to make efforts to find out good examples of ESD in Korean universities and share the results with university leaders, professors and staffs for further development of ESD.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.19-41
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• 2016

This study examines the human capital, economic capital, and psychological factors that influence social participation among the elderly in the future. The data, 'Survey on the Elderly in 2014', were collected from 'The Ministry of Health & Welfare' and the 'Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs'. The samples included 10,279 elderly people who were over 65 years of age. Multiple regression analysis was used to analyze the research model. The findings are as follows. First, the highest participation awareness level of all was for the hobbies and leisure activities, and the lowest participation awareness level was for volunteer activities. Second, human capital factors such as age, education level, and health status, and economic capital factors such as household consumption expenditure and standard of living signigicant affected social participation awareness among the elderly. Psychological factors such as self-esteem, depression, and the subjective age of becoming elderly, also affected the social participation awareness. Third, awareness differed by sex. In particular, age and depression were restrictions of social participation awareness that were more common among elderly women than among elderly men, although single women were more likely to participate in religious, learning, and hobby and leisure activities. In contrast, chronic diseases and household consumption expenditures were more restrictive of social participation awareness among elderly men compared to elderly women. These results show that human capital, economic capital, and psychological factors heavily influence the social participation awareness of the elderly, although the degree of influence of these factors differs by sex.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2002

An empirical study was carried out to examine how Container Terminals in Busan view quality management activities by the provision of statistical evidence showing the efforts to enhance the standard of quality management, common factors of quality management activities and causal relationship among these factors. The data investigating the quality management for Busan Container Terminals were collected from 170 persons in charge of quality management for port services in Busan Container terminals by the use of questionnaire method and personal interviews. The Cronbach's a coefficient and factor analysis were used to analyze the reliability and the validity of measured variables. Furthermore, SEM (Structural Equation Modeling) method using AMOS(Analysis of MOment Structure) 4.0 was usea to analyze the cause-effect relationship among the source, activities and accomplishments of quality management representing the core concept of quality management system.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.31-46
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• 2009

Community facilities in most rural villages have many problems in the aspect of their size or functions as well as they are generally too superannuated to support diverse community activities; which results in a low degree of inhabitants' satisfaction with community facilities, and inconvenience for using them. Therefore, it may carefully be said that it's time to need the established studies that are necessary with consider to community facilities which can reflect inhabitants' diverse activities. In this study, 5 places which the most common events among the major monthly events of total 25 rural villages were held were selected as the subject place for survey; and then investigated, by means of the participant observation method, the using behavior of inhabitants who used community facilities. Focusing on size, factors, and layout that were being faced by community facilities in most rural villages, This study investigated the number of users, the characteristics of traffic line and behavior, and the using behavior by group; through considering their correlation with the physical setting of community space, it deduced the problems of use; and it proposed the direction of improvement on the basis thereof. Therefore, this study will serve in the future as useful basic materials for designing a rural village's community facilities in consideration of size, factors and layout which can appropriately support inhabitants' community activities.

• Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 2016

Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease in women. The patients with advanced breast cancer develop metastasis to bone. Bone metastasis and skeletal-related events by breast cancer are frequently associated with the invasiveness of breast cancer cells and osteoclasts-mediated bone resorption. Forsythia koreana is used in oriental traditional medicine to treat asthma, atopy, and allergic diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of F. koreana extracts on the invasion of breast cancer cells and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Methods: Cell viability was measured by an MTT assay and the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells were detected by a Boyden chamber assay. The formation of osteoclasts and pit was detected using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase staining and calcium phosphate-coated plates, respectively. The activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and cathepsin K were evaluated by gelatin zymography and a cathepsin K detection kit. Results: The fruit and leaf extracts of F. koreana significantly inhibited the invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells at noncytotoxic concentrations. The fruit extract of F. koreana reduced the transforming growth factor ${\beta}1-induced$ migration, invasion and MMPs activities of MDA-MB-231 cells. In addition, the fruit, branch, and leaf extracts of F. koreana also inhibited the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand-induced osteoclast formation and osteoclast-mediated bone-resorbing activity by reducing the activities of MMPs and cathepsin K. Conclusions: The extracts of F. koreana may possess the potential to inhibit the breast cancer-induced bone destruction through blocking invasion of breast cancer cells, osteoclastogenesis, and the activity of mature osteoclasts.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.21-28
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• 2019

In this research, Problem Solving and Programming - the chapter common among four different types of middle school informatics textbooks based on the national curriculum revised in 2015 - was analyzed to measure its effects on cultivating students' curiosities. Romey's analysis was applied to these textbooks on four analytic elements - texts, data, activities, and evaluation. The results showed that each type of textbook showed a differing degree of encouraging students' inquisitive tendencies on each analytic element; two out of four textbooks were well developed for texts, three for data, three for activities, and all four for evaluation. In terms of Romey's index points, two textbooks had low indexes of texts, such as 0.185 and 0.413. Data indices were extremely low in one textbook at 0.147. Three of four textbooks exhibited high indices of activities at 0.969, 0.608 and 0.627. Evaluation indices were high in all four textbooks at 1.333, 1.268, 1.274, and 0.764. These revised textbooks overall showed higher metrics than the previously designed textbooks with regards to promoting students' inquisitive nature.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.111-117
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• 2021

The study was aimed at developing an alternative therapeutic agent against acne vulgaris, one of the most common skin diseases, to meet the continuing demand for new therapies. Acne vulgaris is often associated with the acne-causing bacteria such as Cutibacterium acnes. To investigate the safety of agents against acne vulgaris, we evaluated the potential antibacterial activities of edible seaweeds against C. acnes in Korea. Forty-one edible seaweeds, including the brown, green, and red varieties, were selected for the antibacterial test. In comparison with other seaweeds, 70% ethanolic extracts of brown seaweeds, such as Cladophora wrightiana var. minor, Eisenia bicyclis, Ecklonia cava, Ishige foliacea, Ishige okamurae, Sargassum filicinum, and Sargassum miyabei Yendo, exhibited potential antibacterial activity against C. acnes with minimum inhibitory concentrations ranging between 64 and 128 ㎍/mL. To investigate the active anti-acne agents and to enhance our understanding of the antibacterial activities against C. acnes, further solvent-fractionation experiments are warranted. The findings imply that brown seaweeds can be a potential source of natural agents against acne vulgaris.