• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.316-325
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• 2005

The antioxidant potential of a $75\%$ methanolic extract of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and its different fractions was investigated using different reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO.), metal chelating and lipid peroxidation assays. Methylene chloride and $75\%$ methanol fractions showed equally high activities $(IC_{50} 0.010 mg/mL)$ for hydroxyl radical (HO) scavenging. Higher hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$ scavenging values were reported for the ethyl acetate and methylene chloride fractions and their $IC_{50}$ values were 0.20 and 0.15 mg/mL, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO.) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activities were higher in ethyl acetate and methylene chloride fractions. Chloroform and water fractions showed higher activities in superoxide $(O_2.)$ scavenging. All fractions showed strong metal chelating capacities compared with the commercial antioxidants tested. The $0.1\%$ ethyl acetate fraction showed notable capacity to suppress lipid peroxidation in both fish oil and linoleic acid. Phenolic content was measured in all the fractions and methanolic extract. Among the fractions, ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest phenolic content.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1765-1772
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• 2006

High-pressure die casting such as thixocasting and rheocasting is an effective process in the manufacturing automotive parts. Following the recent trend in the automotive manufacturing technologies, the product design subject to the die casting becomes more and more complex. Simultaneously the injection speed is also designed to be very high to establish a short cycletime. Thus, the requirement of the die design becomes more demanding than ever before. In some cases the product's shape can have multiple slender manifolds. In such cases, design of the inlet and outlet parts of the die is very important in the whole manufacturing process. The main issues required for the qualified products are to attain gentle and uniform flow of the molten liquid within the passages of the die. To satisfy such issues, the inlet cylinder ('bed cylinder' in this paper) must be as large as possible and simultaneously the outlet opening at the end of each passage must be as small as possible. However these in turn obviously bring additional manufacturing costs caused by re-melting of the bed cylinder and increased power due to the small outlet-openings. The purpose of this paper is to develop effective simulation methods of calculation for fluid flows in multiple columns, which mimic the actual complex design, and to get some useful information which can give some contributions to the die-casting industry. We have used a commercial code CFX in the numerical simulation. The primary parameter involved is the size of the bed cylinder. We will show how the very small opening of the outlet can be treated with the aid of the porous model provided in the code. To check the validity of the numerical results we have also conducted a simple experiment by using water.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.399-404
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• 2002

박테리오신 생성 젖산균을 이용하여 과실채소 혼합발효액을 제조하고, 발효액의 이화학적 특성과 항균특성을 조사하여 항균 이온음료로서의 가능성을 고찰하였다. 박테리오신 생성 젖산균을 이용한 발효시 발효종균으로 Leu. mesenteroides와 Lc. lactis ATCC l1454를 동시 접종하였을때는박테리오신이 생성되지 않았으며, Leu mesenteroides에 의한 젖산발효 후에 pH를 조정하고 박테리오신 생성균을 접종하였을 때 적정량의 산과 항균물질이 생성되었다. 발효액의 당함량과 무기염류를 분석한 결과, 발효액에는 시판되고 있는 이온음료에 비해 Na과 P의 함량은 높은 편이나, K,Ca, Mg 등의 농도 차이는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 당함량도 약간 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 발효액은 충치 원인균인 Streptococcus mutans에 대한 안정된 항균효과를 지니고 있으며, 발효액의 색상은 저장 중에도 안정된 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 과실채소 혼합발효액의 무기질 발란스와 기호도를 고려한 당농도 조절 등의 보완이 이루어진다면 우리고유의 이온음료로 개발 가능성이 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회 논문집 센서 박막재료 반도체 세라믹
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• pp.145-148
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• 2003

Recently, the recycle of CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) slurries have been positively considered in order to reduce the high COO (cost of ownership) and COC (cost of consumables) in CMP process. Among the composition of slurries (buffer solution, bulk solution, abrasive particle, oxidizer, inhibitor, suspension, antifoaming agent, dispersion agent), the abrasive particles are one of the most important components. Especially, the abrasive particles of slurry are needed in order to achieve a good removal rate. However, the cost of abrasives, is still very high. In this paper, we have collected the silica abrasive powders by filtering after subsequent CMP process for the purpose of abrasive particle recycling. And then, we have studied the possibility of recycle of reused silica abrasive through the analysis of particle size and hardness. Also, we annealed the collected abrasive powders to promote the mechanical strength of reduced abrasion force. Finally, we compared the CMP characteristics between self-developed KOH-based silica abrasive slurry and original slury, As our experimental results, we obtained the comparable removal rate and good planarity with commercial products. Consequently, we can expect the saving of high cost slurry.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 2002

A self-microemulsifying drug delivery system(SMEDDS) composed of Cremophor $EL^{\circledR},\;Labrasol^{circledR}$, and Lauroglycol $FCC^{circledR}$ was prepared for the enhancement of solubility, dissolution rate and bioavailability of ibuprofen(IBP), which is water-insoluble but soluble in oils and surfactants. Phase diagram with various regions including microemulsion area was depicted. The SMEDDS was encapsulated in soft gelatin capsules and their dissolution characteristics in various media were observed in comparison to the generic products commercially available in the market. Soft capsules of SMEDDS formulation showed better dissolution profiles, especially in acidic condition, than the others. For the period of 1 hr dissolution in pH 1.2 medium, it reached over 70% dissolution from soft capsules, compared to less than 40% dissolution from commercial reference tablets. On the other hand, in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters were obtained after oral administrations of different IBP preparations to Sprague Dawley rats. SMEDDS formulation showed higher $C_{max}$ and greater $AUC_{0-5hr}$ than the suspension of reference tablet or IBP powder. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that a newly developed soft capsules employing SMEDDS provides an alternative preparation to improve oral bioavailability of IBP.

• 감성과학
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2012

최근에 사용자에 의한 대량의 텍스트 데이터가 발생하면서 사용자의 정보, 의견 등을 분석하는 오피니언 마이닝이 중요하게 부각되고 있다. 오피니언 마이닝 중 특히 정서 분석은 제품, 사회적 이슈, 정치인에 대한 호감 등에 대한 개인적 의견이나 정서를 분석하여 긍정, 부정이나 행복, 슬픔 등의 정서를 분석하는 연구 분야이다. 정서 분석을 위해서 정서 차원 이론의 정서가와 각성 차원의 2차원 공간을 사용하고, 이 공간에서 정서가 분포하는 영역을 설정하여 매핑하는 방법을 사용한다. 그러나 기존에는 정서의 분포 영역을 임의로 설정하는 문제가 있었다. 본 논문에서는 이 문제를 해결하기 위해, 한국어 정서 단어 목록을 사용해 사용자 설문을 실시하여 2차원 상에 12개 정서의 분포를 구성하였다. 또한 2차원 상의 특정 정서 상태가 여러 개의 정서에 중첩되는 경우, 정서에 소속될 확률을 사용한 룰렛휠 방법을 사용하여 하나의 정서를 선택하는 방법을 제안하였다. 제안한 방법을 사용하여 텍스트에서 정서 단어를 추출하여 텍스트를 정서로 분류할 수 있다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.331-342
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• 2007

The objective of this study is to provide the basis to planning the design of commercial products and effective image coordination for various situation in investigating the existence of Tattoo with an examination of fashion sensibilities and emotions as well as in analyzing Tattoo fashions which have an effect on the unique image coordinations in the fashion collection. Stimulus pictures have collected from fashion photographs appeared Tattoo expression released on the fashion collection and selected 35 pieces of pictures out of total through the analysing process in many times. Valuation tools have used with 19 pairs of adjective as fashion sensibilities valuation tool and 13 questionnaire as emotion valuation tool. Data has been collected from August 30th to September 17th on the subject of 20's men and women who live in Busan city area and those data has been analyzed by using SPSS statistics package program. The summary and conclusion of verified outcomes on this study are as follows: 1. Main factors of fashion sensibilities about Tattoo fashion are composed of three factors, such as Attractiveness, Visibility, Maturity and those factors have explained by 60.9%. On the other han, the fashion emotions are composed of negative emotion and positive emotion and explained by 66.3%. 2. The image of Tattoo fashion has shown four groups; Sexy, Romantic, Grotesque, Natural. 3. The positioning according to the image of Tattoo fashion has interpreted that X-axis as Grotesque-Romantic, Y-axis as Simple-Dazzling according to design features.

• 분석과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.520-533
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• 2000

고분해능 가스크로마토그래프/고분해능 질량분석기를 이용하여 도시지역과 공업지역에 거주하는 산모로부터 채취된 초유에서 PCBs 및 PCDD/FS를 분석하였다. 모유에 오염되어 있는 평균 PCDD/FS와 PCBs의 농도는 각각 15.13 TEQ pg/g fat과 5.64 TEQ pg/g fat이었다. 본 연구 결과, 거주지역과는 무관하게 서로 다른 두 경향을 보이는 동족체(homologue) 분포를 발견하였다. 각 분포의 이성질체를 상업적으로 판매되었던 PCBs 생산품의 조성과 비교하여 동족체 분포에 대한 고찰을 했다. 초산모의 평균 PCDD/Fs 농도인 20.84 TEQ pg/g fat을 기준으로 영유아의 1일 PCDD/Fs 섭취량을 계산했을 때 60 TEQ pg/kg/day의 값이 산출되었다. 이 값은 미국에서 계산된 1일 성인 PCDD/Fs 일반 노출 양인 1-3 TEQ pg/kg/day보다 훨씬 높은 값이다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제59권2호
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• pp.165-169
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• 2016

The quantitative analytical method for the bioactive substance, 3-cyano-4-methoxy-N-methyl-2-pyridone (ricinine) and an index compound, ricinoleic acid in castor plant (Ricinus communis) extract or oil was developed. For the determination of a pyridone alkaloid compound, ricinine, successive cartridge cleanup method combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography was set up with $ENVI-Carb^{TM}$ (0.5 g) and $C_{18}$ SPE cartridges. Accuracy and precision were evaluated through fortification studies of one biopesticide (PE) at 10 and $100mg\;kg^{-1}$. Mean recoveries of ricinine were 98.7 and 96.0 % associated with less than 10 % RSD, respectively. For the determination of ricinoleic acid in castor extract and oil, saponification and methylation were optimized using gas chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry. Recovery was more than 84.8 % associated with 6.2 % RSD after derivatization procedure. Both methodologies developed were applied to analyze real samples including three castor oil products and six commercially available biopesticides containing R. communis, collected at Korean market. The contents of ricinine and ricinoleic acid in most commercial biopesticides were less than the oil or extract contents indicated by label.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.66-70
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• 2000

In order to cope with environmental problems caused by harmful gases emitted from various industrial sources, a new technology which employs discharge plasma formed in ordinary atmospheric pressure has been intensively investigated in many industrialized nations. Although a plenty of useful outcomes and suggestions have been made public by scientists in this field, few commercial products which effectively decompose pollutant gases have appeared as yet. This is partly because that the energy efficiency of a most effective plasma reactor has not reached a satisfactory level in comparison with those of devices using conventional technologies. In an attempt to solve the problem mentioned above, we noticed to combine heterogeneous electrical discharges. This concepts is based on that each plasma reactor has its specific spatial region in which chemical reaction are active and by electrically affected with another reactor of different type, the activated region would increase - which may lead to cutting down the energy consumption. To prove this concept experimentally, two different discharge equipments, a plane ceramic-based surface discharge electrode and a corona electrode with tungsten needle may, are selected and combined to fabricate a hybrid plasma reactor. The results are summarized as follows; (1) Ozone concentration generated in the plasma region drastically increases when the positive corona discharge is added to the surface discharge. The rate of increase of ozone depends on the frequency of the surface discharge. The negative corona, however, does not contribute to the improvement of the ozone generation. (2) NO(nitrogen monoxide) decomposition rate also improves by simultaneously applying the surface and the positive corona discharges. The effect of the corona superposition is more evident when the level of the surface discharge is moderate. (3) By adjusting the corona level, the net energy efficiency during NO decomposition improves in comparison with the simple surface discharge reactor.