• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2020

Currently, the delayed compensation system, which does not reflect the R&D characteristics of the defense industry, is being applied, causing problems such as worsening management of defense companies and delayed power generation. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the development of the defense industry and the efficient promotion of combat capability by studying the improvement plan of the delayed compensation system reflecting the R&D characteristics of the defense industry. The research analyzed the defense industry R&D characteristics, national R&D, delayed compensation rate, reduction and exemption procedures and existing studies. Further, the Delphi technique was applied based on the status of the delayed compensation and the analysis of the cause of delay. It has been studied that it is not appropriate to apply the 'manufacturing and purchasing' standard of commercial products to defense industry R&D where the latest technology is applied and the success is unclear. Four measures were drawn to prevent delays, including the selection of excellent technology companies, and three measures to reduce delay compensation and apply differentials for rational treatment in case of delays. Just as the defense industry R&D is carried out under the Defense Acquisition Program Act due to the nature of the R&D industry, the defense industry will develop if the delayed compensation system is improved to reflect the R&D characteristics of the defense industry, and it will contribute to the acquisition of an efficient and economic weapons system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.307-312
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• 2018

Liquid phases in ZnO varistors cause more complex phase development and microstructure, which makes the control of electrical properties and reliability more difficult. Therefore, we have investigated 2 mol% $CaCO_3$ doped $ZnO-Co_3O_4-Cr_2O_3-La_2O_3$ (ZCCLCa) bulk ceramics as one of the compositions without liquid phase sintering additive. The results were as follows: when $CaCO_3$ is added to ZCCLCa ($644{\Omega}cm$) acting as a simple ohmic resistor, CaO does not form a secondary phase with ZnO but is mostly distributed in the grain boundary and has excellent varistor characteristics (high nonlinear coefficient ${\alpha}=78$, low leakage current of $0.06{\mu}A/cm^2$, and high insulation resistance of $1{\times}10^{11}{\Omega}cm$). The main defects $Zn_i^{{\cdot}{\cdot}}$ (AS: 0.16 eV, IS & MS: 0.20 eV) and $V_o^{\bullet}$ (AS: 0.29 eV, IS & MS: 0.37 eV) were found, and the grain boundaries had 1.1 eV with electrically single grain boundary. The resistance of each defect and grain boundary decreases exponentially with increasing the measurement temperature. However, the capacitance (0.2 nF) of the grain boundary was ~1/10 lower than that of the two defects (~3.8 nF, ~2.2 nF) and showed a tendency to decrease as the measurement temperature increased. Therefore, ZCCLCa varistors have high sintering temperature of $1,200^{\circ}C$ due to lack of liquid phase additives, but excellent varistor characteristics are exhibited, which means ZCCLCa is a good candidate for realizing chip type or disc type commercial varistor products with excellent performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.8
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• pp.979-985
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• 2017

This study was carried out to investigate the production of ${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid (GABA) by lactic acid bacteria and to manufacture GABA using rice bran extract-based optimum medium. Electrostatic spraying technology was used to add GABA into the cereals. The isolated Lactobacillus brevis CFM11 produced the highest GABA production up to a concentration of $2,002.93{\mu}g/mL$ when cultivated in MRS broth containing 0.8% monosodium glutamate (MSG). The production level of GABA was $585.80{\mu}g/mL$ in rice bran extract containing 0.4% MSG, 2% sucrose, 1% skim milk, and 0.2% magnesium sulfate. After electrostatic spraying of the cultured suspension onto rice, GABA concentration reached $228.10{\mu}g/g$ while untreated rice reached $32.23{\mu}g/g$. These results demonstrate that rice bran extract can be an economic commercial medium for GABA production as a substitute for MRS broth. This study demonstrates the novel application of electrostatic spraying of GABA into cereal products for the first time.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.128-138
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• 2003

The bacterial density of partially processed horticultural crops in the commercial market was relatively high probably due to improper handing or processing. Between crops, the bacterial density was low in peeled garlic and ranged above $10^8cfu{\cdot}g^{-1}fw$ in other crops. Especially in brake fern, the bacterial density was the highest and non food materials such as packing strips were found. There was difference in the effects of ozone-treated water washing treatment between crops. In root crops such as burdock and lotus root, ozone showed positive effect on preventing discoloration as well as lowing bacterial density resulting in the increase of marketing period. Any positive effect was not found when sliced crops were treated over 5 min at $0.3mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ of dissolved ozone. In lettuce slices, leaf tissues were severely discolored and rapidly soften at $0.3mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ for 2 min dipping. Ozone was highly effective on inhibiting bacterium propagation and off-flavor. This effect was more stronger in Fischer ligulariata than brake fern, probably due to the difference of tissue thickness. Results indicated that ozone-treated water washing had a strong potential to improve the market quality of partially processed horticultural crops including dried wild greens and sliced root crops.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.36-49
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• 2014

Objectives: Quercetin and curcuminoids are important bioactive compounds found in many herbs. Previously reported high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) methods for the detection of quercetin and curcuminoids have several disadvantages, including unsatisfactory separation times and lack of validation according the standard guidelines of the International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Methods: A rapid, specific, reversed phase, HPLC-UV method with an isocratic elution of acetonitrile and 2% v/v acetic acid (40% : 60% v/v) (pH 2.6) at a flow rate of 1.3 mL/minutes, a column temperature of $35^{\circ}C$, and ultraviolet (UV) detection at 370 nm was developed. The method was validated and applied to the quantification of different types of market available Chinese medicine extracts, pills and tablets. Results: The method allowed simultaneous determination of quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin in the concentration ranges of $0.00488-200{\mu}g/mL$, $0.625-320{\mu}g/mL$, $0.07813-320{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.03906-320{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification, respectively, were 0.00488 and $0.03906{\mu}g/mL$ for quercetin, 0.62500 and $2.50000{\mu}g/mL$ for bisdemethoxycurcumin, 0.07813 and $0.31250{\mu}g/mL$ for demethoxycurcumin, and 0.03906 and $0.07813{\mu}g/mL$ for curcumin. The percent relative intra day standard deviation (% RSD) values were $0.432-0.806{\mu}g/mL$, $0.576-0.723{\mu}g/mL$, $0.635-0.752{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.655-0.732{\mu}g/mL$ for quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin, respectively, and those for intra day precision were $0.323-0.968{\mu}g/mL$, $0.805-0.854{\mu}g/mL$, $0.078-0.844{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.275-0.829{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The intra day accuracies were 99.589%-100.821%, 98.588%-101.084%, 9.289%-100.88%, and 98.292%-101.022% for quercetin, bisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin, respectively, and the inter day accuracy were 99.665%-103.06%, 97.669%-103.513%, 99.569%-103.617%, and 97.929%-103.606%, respectively. Conclusion: The method was found to be simple, accurate and precise and is recommended for routine quality control analysis of commercial Chinese medicine products containing the flour flavonoids as their principle components in the extracts.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.293-303
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• 2016

Protein hydrolysate that shows physiological function such as antioxidant, suppression of hypertension, immunodulatory, alleviation of pain, and antimicrobial activity has been known as playing important role like hormone. This study was performed to optimize the hydrolysis of the wing's meat of Yosan-Ogae by a commercial protease. The ranges of processes were the reaction temperature of 40 to $60^{\circ}C$, pH 6 to 8, and enzyme concentration 1 to 3%(w/v). As a result, the optimization of process was determined at temperature of $48-50^{\circ}C$, pH of 7.0-7.2, and enzyme concentration of 3%(w/v), and degree of hydrolysis was 68 to 69% at above conditions. The molecular weight of hydrolysate was distributed to 500-1,200 Da and showed typical peptides. The amino acids of peptides showing presumably antioxidant activity such as histidine, proline, methionine, cystein, tyrosine, tryptophan, phenylalanine comprised about 43.07%. The glutamic acid was 13.6%. Therefore, we expect that those products are useful as functional food ingredients.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.785-808
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the short-term weathering on the flame retardant performance of wood coated with Dancheong. Flame retardants were applied on the Dancheong coated Korean red pine. Flame retardants applied panels were layed at the two conditions of outdoor exposure and artificial aging to assess the reliability of artificial aging. Flame retardants used were commercial products developed for historical wooden buildings. Scanning electron micrographs revealed the forming of carbonized membrane by melting of flame retardant on wood surface. These carbonized membranes may help delay the further combustion of wood. Flame retardant performance was assessed by measuring heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) by cone calorimetry. There was no difference in flame retardant performance between before and after 6-month outdoor exposure tests. And also no difference in flame retardant performance between before and after 2-week artificial aging which corresponds to 6-month outdoor exposure. Both tests showed the similar results of combustion characteristics.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.4 s.62
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• pp.215-224
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• 2005

With the recent increase of sensitivity to decors, there has been an ever-increasing significance of exhibiting the beauty of the outer looks of an article. This trend has necessarily led to the diversification and also specialization of the color scheme activities. And so, it is inevitable that we should form the substantial ideas of the color scheme and further on, enhance the efficacy of its orientation under the prevailing circumstances. Now, we come to a realization that we must first take a glance at the whole picture of the arrays of color embedded in a variety of articles in the sixties and seventies of the 20th century, a bold introduction of color designs, thereby tracing the birth of color designs and finding a meaning in its mechanism. This study begins with the obtaining of a large collection of articles in those days, along with the literature on the commercial effects color suggest, and looking into the background of their trend and finding a meaning that underlies what these colors suggest. The general idea of those color designs exemplifies that the color selection was none other than the simplicity and convenience in the making of things in doser relation to the easy selling. With the advance of material quality and enhancement of the industrial idealism, it has been proved that color plays an important role in depicting the image of quality and tastes of class. In that role color has been given the indicator of visual delights and differentials in quality articles. All this has been reflected in a diversity of articles: for instance, white for household appliances, prime color for living necessaries and natural color for the decore like furniture. Formerly, after all, people used to have little regard for color. What is color for, it was thought, in relation to the selling image of articles? That is wily our preceding generation pays attention only to the first-hand looks of articles, neglecting the intensive study on color. We are beginning to understand what image a certain color scheme evokes in our feeling.

• Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.95-100
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• 2012

$LiFePO_4$ is an attractive cathode material due to its low cost, good cyclability and safety. But it has low ionic conductivity and working voltage impose a limitation on its application for commercial products. In order to solve these problems, the iron($Fe^{2+}$)site in $LiFePO_4$ can be substituted with other transition metal ions such as $Mn^{2+}$ in pursuance of increase the working voltage. Also, reducing the size of electrode materials to nanometer scale can improve the power density because of a larger electrode-electrolyte contact area and shorter diffusion lengths for Li ions in crystals. Therefore, we chose electrospinning as a general method to prepare $Li[Fe_{0.9}Mn_{0.1}]PO_4$ to increase the surface area. Also, there have been very a few reports on the synthesis of cathode materials by electrospinning method for Lithium ion batteries. The morphology and nanostructure of the obtained $Li[Fe_{0.9}Mn_{0.1}]PO_4$ nanofibers were characterized using scanning electron microscopy(SEM). X-ray diffraction(XRD) measurements were also carried out in order to determine the structure of $Li[Fe_{0.9}Mn_{0.1}]PO_4$ nanofibers. Electrochemical properties of $Li[Fe_{0.9}Mn_{0.1}]PO_4$ were investigated with charge/discharge measurements, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements(EIS).

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.133-139
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• 2010

We have performed analyses using ancient DNA extracted from 25 excavated human bones, estimating around the 1st century B.C. Ancient human bones were obtained from Nukdo Island, which is located off of the Korean peninsula of East Asia. We made concerted efforts to extract ancient DNA of high quality and to obtain reproducible PCR products, as this was a primary consideration for this extensive kind of undertaking. We performed PCR amplifications for several regions of the mitochondrial DNA, and could determine mitochondrial haplogroups for 21 ancient DNA samples. Genetic information from mitochondrial DNA belonged to super-haplogroup M, haplogroup D or its sub-haplogroups (D4 or D4b), which are distinctively found in East Asians, including Koreans or Japanese. The dendrogram and principal component analysis based on haplogroup frequencies revealed that the Nukdo population was close to those of the East Asians and clearly distinguished from populations shown in the other regions. Considering that Nukdo is geologically isolated in the southern part of the Korean peninsula and is a site of commercial importance with neighboring countries, these results may reflect genetic continuity for the habitation and migration of ethnic groups who had lived in a particular area in the past. Therefore, we suggest that phylogenetic analyses of ancient DNA have significant advantages for clarifying the origins and migrations of ethnic groups, or human races.