• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.89-96
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• 2005

The increase of hish-rise residential-commercial buildings is required to cut down a term of works and the cost of construction. Reinforced concrete structures and steel framed reinforcement concrete that are commonly used have the difficulty in reducing them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a new precast concrete complex system and to analyze its economical feasibility. The economic analysis is performed through comparing the cost of a high-rise reinforced building that was already constructed with that of the new proposed precast concrete system, which is limited to structural frame work of typical floors. This study shows that the proposed precast concrete complex system is economical. Further research should be directed at including the influence of a term of works.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.71-89
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• 2008

International technology transfer(ITT) or technology trade is a very comprehensive term covering various mechanisms and channels for shifting technologies across borders. Thus, it refers to numerous complex processes, ranging from innovation and international marketing of technology to its absorption and imitation. It includes technology, trade, and investment. Markets for exchanging technologies are inherently subject to failure due to appropriability problems, spillovers, asymmetric information, and market power. Thus, there is strong justification for public intervention. Technology developers are interested in reducing the costs and uncertainty of making transfers, along with protecting their rights to profit from such transfers. On the other hand, technology importers are interested in acquiring knowledge at minimal costs, asking for restricting sharply the exclusive rights of foreign firms to exploit technology. The purpose of this paper is to review the characteristics, risks, legal issues and contractual check points of ITT, focusing on the avoidance of commercial disputes during the very complex processes of ITT.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 2006

Multi-use housing and commercial buildings have been emerged according to social and economic changes of CBD in Seoul Metropolitan Areas. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of the multi-use building, to analyze the problems on the base of survey and to suggest the solutions for architectural planning, focusing on eco-friendly dwelling environment. A field survey with 46 subjects has been carried out with structured questionnaire. Some problems in planning of the complex building have been discussed in terms of environmental issues and design criteria. In conclusion, basic planning directions for improving the building environmental quality have been suggested.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.143-150
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• 2006

In this Study, it was investigated what the critical elements of the Architectural Review by the Seoul Building Design Committee were. The critical elements selected by the members of committee were systematically analyzed. They were based on the 169 cases reviewed by the Building Design Committee. The committee consists of Professors, famous architects, architectural experts and official members. Thus, the critical elements selected by the committee can be regarded as the important criteria for the forthcoming architectural reviewing process. The critical elements selected by 960 members of the committee were classified by the frequency. The results in this study showed that the critical elements were ordered as follows: (1)floor plan, (2)landscape gardening, (3)form, (4)open space, (5)structure, (6)plan for preventing disasters, (7)circulation for men and cars, (8)facilities, (9)parking, (10)revision of drawings and documents. These criteria of the architectural evaluation established by the Seoul Building Design Committee can be applied to the fundamental preparation of the architectural review.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

The city means not only a geographical area as a role of the spatial boundary, but also a socio-economic place to communicate with each area. It requires various functions to get the income and economic-activities. But city has a limitation of a available land to provide the required functions and a sufficient space to supply the urban activity. Therefore, the development trend of city has not been to spread to the horizontal area any more and considered the vertical area. In addition, various functions put into a massive building because many people want to solve the daily requirements without spending time and cost in outer area. In this paper, it aimed at classifying the mixed-use building into function, circulation, relation according to the public and private space and the building shape to provide the design information such as land area, functional complex, accessibility, etc.. The classification of the mixed-use buildings is divided into four areas. The data are collected with foreign countries in Japan, Europe and US. Results of the study are as follows; First, the commercial function is mainly centered with other functions. Second, after studied the development scale, accessibility, building form, the commercial and residential area overwhelmly share at the total area.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.919-925
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• 2006

An accurate mathematical model for complex stiffness of the pneumatic spring would be necessary for an efficient design of a pneumatic spring used in vibration isolation tables for precision instruments such as optical devices or nano-scale equipments. A diaphragm, often employed for prevention of air leakage, plays a significant role of complex stiffness element as well as the pressurized air itself Therefore, effects of the diaphragm need to be included in the dynamic model for a more faithful description of dynamic behavior of pneumatic spring. But the complex stiffness of diaphragm is difficult to predict In an analytical way, since it is a rubber membrane of complicated shape in itself. Moreover, the diaphragm should be expandable in response to pressurization inside a chamber, which makes direct measurement of complex stiffness of diaphragm extremely difficult. In our earlier research, the complex stiffness of diaphragm was indirectly measured, which was just to eliminate the theoretical stiffness of pressurized air from the measured complex stiffness of the pneumatic spring. In order to reflect complex stiffness of inflated diaphragm on the total stiffness at the initial design or design improvement stage, however. it is required to be able to predict beforehand. In this paper, how to predict the complex stiffness of inflated rubber diaphragm by commercial FE codes (e.g. ABAQUS) will be discussed and the results will be compared with the indirectly measured values.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.211-219
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• 2014

The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes, which are the extension of urban streets, are being changed from a mediating space aiming at movement to a staying-type space according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes. And they function as a resting place of user with court and plaza, and act as an urban public space, and accommodate an activity arising from the gathering of many people. As a result, a role of new relaxation and community space is played in the center of the city. And the aspect of publicness is brought into relief. Hence, this study is intended to examine the characteristics that the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes have, and furthermore, it is intended to show the planning characteristics in the contemporary mixed-use commercial complexes. With regard to the method of research, first, space configuration and role of internal streets was examined according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes on the basic of precedent research and literature review. And the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes were classified into doorway part, traffic line, and open space. And the characteristics of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes through the concept of architectural 'publicness' were derived as accessibility, amenity, perceptibility, openness, connectivity and symbolism. The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes should be changed by the space planning to secure continuity with the city on the basis of accessibility and connectivity and to reinforce visual openness in the internal streets in order to improve amenity and perceptibility, accordingly the mixed-use commercial complexes will be also born again as symbolic public space in the city. Variously changing elements to improve publicness very importantly act on the planning of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes, and therefore researches should be continuously carried out.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1984

남대양(南大洋)에 다량 서식하고 있는 중요한 단백질자원(蛋白質資源)인 크릴을 보다 유효하게 식량(食糧)으로 이용하기 위한 방안의 하나로 크릴을 원료로 하여 그 자체에 존재하는 활성이 높은 자가소화효소(自家消化酵素)나 단백질분해효소(蛋白質分解酵素)로써 크릴간장 제조(製造)를 시도(試圖)하였다. 마쇄한 크릴에 동량(同量)의 물을 첨가하여 가수분해(加水分解)시킬 때의 최적가수분해조건(最適加水分解條件) 및 저장안정성(貯藏安定性)을 검토(檢討)하고 아울려 제품의 정미성분(呈味成分)을 분석(分析)하였다. 자가소화(自家消化)에 의한 경우와 bromelain, complex enzyme을 첨가한 시료(試料) 모두 $52.5^{\circ}C$에서 최대활성을 나타내었고, 분해시간(分解時間)은 3시간(時間)이 적합하였으며, 효소농도(醴素濃度)는 bromelain의 경우 0.5 %, complex enzyme은 5%가 가장 좋았다. 그리고 pH는 자가소화(自家消化)나 complex enzyme을 첨가하여 분해(分解)하였을 경우는 7.0${\sim}$7.5, bromelain을 첨가하여 분해(分解)하였을 때는 6.5부근에서 가장 활성이 높았다. 이와 같은 최적가수부해조건(最適加水分解條件)에서 크릴을 자가소화(自家消化)시킨 후 $100^{\circ}C$, 20 분간(分間) 불활성화한 다음 여과한 가수분해물(加水分解物)에 식염(食鹽)(10 %)과 벤조산(0.06%)이나 알코올(3 %)을 첨가하여 멸균한 유리병에 밀봉(貯減)한 결과 $37^{\circ}C$에서 한달간 저장(貯藏)하여도 화학적, 미생물적 및 관능적으로 안정하였다. 또한 관능적인 맛으로 보아 식염(食鹽) 10 % 중 5 % 정도까지는 나트륨염(鹽) 대신 칼륨염(鹽)을 대체 첨가할 수 있었다. 크릴간장의 단백질가수분해율(蛋白質加水分解率)은 자가소화법(自家消火法)인 경우 83.2%, bromelain 첨가구는 89.7%, complex enzyme 첨가구는 92.7 %이었다. 자가소화법(自家消化法), bromelain 또는 complex enzyme첨가에 의해 제조(製造) 된 크릴간장의 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸) 중 함량이 많은 것은 lysine, arginine, leucine, proline, alanine 및 valine으로서 전 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸)에 대해 각각 58.8 %, 56.0 %, 55.3 %를 차지하였다. 그리고 전엑스분망(分望) 소(素)에 대하여 유리(遊離)아미노산(酸)이 차지하는 비율은 각각 67.4 %,69.4%, 69.8 %이었다. 핵산관련물질(核酸關聯物質) 중 함량이 가장 많은 것은 hypoxanthine이었고, 다음이 5’-IMP였다. TMAO, betaine, 총 creatinine은 함량이 적었다. 관능검사결과(官能檢査結果) 자가소화(自家消化)시킨 크릴간장은 효소(酵素)처리한 것이나 재래식 콩간장에 비하여 품질 면에서 손색이 없고 저장성(貯藏性)이 좋은 크릴간장을 제조(製造)할 수 있다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2005년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.283-286
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• 2005

In the modern city in which the high-density and complex land use is needed, high-rise residential-commercial buildings appeared as a scheme to arrange a metropolitan residence with multiple high-techs and to induce activation of the city with leading the settled population to flow into the city. And the need of the times is to actively apply the eco-friendly notion to the architecture. In this study, the works of Ken Yeang who is regarded as an eco-friendly architect to make high-rise residential-commercial buildings ecological should be focused on with analyses of eco-friendly characteristics in inside, intersection between inside and outside, and outside of his works. The result o the study would be the suggestion to design eco-friendly high-rise buildings which make the city rise in quality.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.44-49
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• 2009

Old newspaper was deinked using commercial cellulolytic enzymes and a surfactant complex at low alkalinity. The properties of the deinked pulp(DIP) were evaluated and the suspended solids content, cationic demand, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand(COD) of the process water were measured. The results can summarized as follows, 1. The brightness and yield of the DIP were improved using enzymatic surfactant complex deinking. 2. The amount of foaming during deinking with the enzyme surfactant complex was higher than that with synthetic surfactant deinking. However, it was not sufficient to cause process problem. 3. The pH and turbidity of the white water from deinking with the enzyme surfactant complex were similar to those of the white water from surfactant deinking. 4. The suspended solids content, cationic demand, and COD of the white water from deinking with the enzyme surfactant complex were improved compared to those of the white water from surfactant deinking.