• Title/Summary/Keyword: Commercial complex

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A study on the economic analysis of high-rise residential-commercial building that is made by precast concrete (초고층 주상복합 프리캐스트 콘크리트 구조물의 경제성 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Bum-Ki;Suk, Sung-Joon;Lee, Ung-Kyun;An, Sung-Hoon;Kang, Kyung-In
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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    • v.5 no.1 s.15
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    • pp.89-96
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    • 2005
  • The increase of hish-rise residential-commercial buildings is required to cut down a term of works and the cost of construction. Reinforced concrete structures and steel framed reinforcement concrete that are commonly used have the difficulty in reducing them. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to propose a new precast concrete complex system and to analyze its economical feasibility. The economic analysis is performed through comparing the cost of a high-rise reinforced building that was already constructed with that of the new proposed precast concrete system, which is limited to structural frame work of typical floors. This study shows that the proposed precast concrete complex system is economical. Further research should be directed at including the influence of a term of works.

The Execution of International Technology Transfer Contracts for Avoiding the Commercial Disputes (국제기술이전 거래에서의 계약이행과 상사분쟁 예방)

  • Shim, Sang-Ryul
    • Journal of Arbitration Studies
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    • v.18 no.3
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    • pp.71-89
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    • 2008
  • International technology transfer(ITT) or technology trade is a very comprehensive term covering various mechanisms and channels for shifting technologies across borders. Thus, it refers to numerous complex processes, ranging from innovation and international marketing of technology to its absorption and imitation. It includes technology, trade, and investment. Markets for exchanging technologies are inherently subject to failure due to appropriability problems, spillovers, asymmetric information, and market power. Thus, there is strong justification for public intervention. Technology developers are interested in reducing the costs and uncertainty of making transfers, along with protecting their rights to profit from such transfers. On the other hand, technology importers are interested in acquiring knowledge at minimal costs, asking for restricting sharply the exclusive rights of foreign firms to exploit technology. The purpose of this paper is to review the characteristics, risks, legal issues and contractual check points of ITT, focusing on the avoidance of commercial disputes during the very complex processes of ITT.

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A Proposal of Planning Direction of Eco-Friendly Multi-Use Housing and Commercial Complex (주상복합건물의 환경친화적 계획방향에 관한 기초 연구)

  • Lee, Eun Jung;Park, Myung Kyug;Park, Young Ki
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.39-46
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    • 2006
  • Multi-use housing and commercial buildings have been emerged according to social and economic changes of CBD in Seoul Metropolitan Areas. The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of the multi-use building, to analyze the problems on the base of survey and to suggest the solutions for architectural planning, focusing on eco-friendly dwelling environment. A field survey with 46 subjects has been carried out with structured questionnaire. Some problems in planning of the complex building have been discussed in terms of environmental issues and design criteria. In conclusion, basic planning directions for improving the building environmental quality have been suggested.

A Study on the Architectural Evaluation for the Commercial-Residential Complex - Focused on the Seoul Building Design Review - (주상복합건축물의 심의평가에 관한 연구 -서울시 건축(1)심의를 중심으로 -)

  • Cho Ja-Yeon
    • Journal of the Korean housing association
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.143-150
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    • 2006
  • In this Study, it was investigated what the critical elements of the Architectural Review by the Seoul Building Design Committee were. The critical elements selected by the members of committee were systematically analyzed. They were based on the 169 cases reviewed by the Building Design Committee. The committee consists of Professors, famous architects, architectural experts and official members. Thus, the critical elements selected by the committee can be regarded as the important criteria for the forthcoming architectural reviewing process. The critical elements selected by 960 members of the committee were classified by the frequency. The results in this study showed that the critical elements were ordered as follows: (1)floor plan, (2)landscape gardening, (3)form, (4)open space, (5)structure, (6)plan for preventing disasters, (7)circulation for men and cars, (8)facilities, (9)parking, (10)revision of drawings and documents. These criteria of the architectural evaluation established by the Seoul Building Design Committee can be applied to the fundamental preparation of the architectural review.

Study on the Space Composition Characteristics in the Urban Complex Building (도심복합시설의 공간용도구성 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Kang-Hee;Chae, Chang-U
    • KIEAE Journal
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.109-116
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    • 2010
  • The city means not only a geographical area as a role of the spatial boundary, but also a socio-economic place to communicate with each area. It requires various functions to get the income and economic-activities. But city has a limitation of a available land to provide the required functions and a sufficient space to supply the urban activity. Therefore, the development trend of city has not been to spread to the horizontal area any more and considered the vertical area. In addition, various functions put into a massive building because many people want to solve the daily requirements without spending time and cost in outer area. In this paper, it aimed at classifying the mixed-use building into function, circulation, relation according to the public and private space and the building shape to provide the design information such as land area, functional complex, accessibility, etc.. The classification of the mixed-use buildings is divided into four areas. The data are collected with foreign countries in Japan, Europe and US. Results of the study are as follows; First, the commercial function is mainly centered with other functions. Second, after studied the development scale, accessibility, building form, the commercial and residential area overwhelmly share at the total area.

Computation of Complex Stiffness of Inflated Diaphragm in Pneumatic Springs by Using FE Codes (상용 유한요소해석 프로그램을 이용한 공압 스프링 내 다이아프램의 복소강성 산출)

  • Lee, Jeung-Hoon;Kim, Kwang-Joon
    • Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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    • v.16 no.9 s.114
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    • pp.919-925
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    • 2006
  • An accurate mathematical model for complex stiffness of the pneumatic spring would be necessary for an efficient design of a pneumatic spring used in vibration isolation tables for precision instruments such as optical devices or nano-scale equipments. A diaphragm, often employed for prevention of air leakage, plays a significant role of complex stiffness element as well as the pressurized air itself Therefore, effects of the diaphragm need to be included in the dynamic model for a more faithful description of dynamic behavior of pneumatic spring. But the complex stiffness of diaphragm is difficult to predict In an analytical way, since it is a rubber membrane of complicated shape in itself. Moreover, the diaphragm should be expandable in response to pressurization inside a chamber, which makes direct measurement of complex stiffness of diaphragm extremely difficult. In our earlier research, the complex stiffness of diaphragm was indirectly measured, which was just to eliminate the theoretical stiffness of pressurized air from the measured complex stiffness of the pneumatic spring. In order to reflect complex stiffness of inflated diaphragm on the total stiffness at the initial design or design improvement stage, however. it is required to be able to predict beforehand. In this paper, how to predict the complex stiffness of inflated rubber diaphragm by commercial FE codes (e.g. ABAQUS) will be discussed and the results will be compared with the indirectly measured values.

Analysis of Trend on the Planning Characteristics of Internal Streets within Mixed-use Commercial Complexes - Focused on the Mixed-use Commercial Complexes in Seoul City - (복합상업시설 내부가로 계획특성 경향 분석 - 서울시 복합상업시설을 중심으로 -)

  • Lin, Zhe;Song, Byung-Joon;Chu, Beom
    • Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.211-219
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    • 2014
  • The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes, which are the extension of urban streets, are being changed from a mediating space aiming at movement to a staying-type space according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes. And they function as a resting place of user with court and plaza, and act as an urban public space, and accommodate an activity arising from the gathering of many people. As a result, a role of new relaxation and community space is played in the center of the city. And the aspect of publicness is brought into relief. Hence, this study is intended to examine the characteristics that the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes have, and furthermore, it is intended to show the planning characteristics in the contemporary mixed-use commercial complexes. With regard to the method of research, first, space configuration and role of internal streets was examined according to the change of mixed-use commercial complexes on the basic of precedent research and literature review. And the internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes were classified into doorway part, traffic line, and open space. And the characteristics of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes through the concept of architectural 'publicness' were derived as accessibility, amenity, perceptibility, openness, connectivity and symbolism. The internal streets of mixed-use commercial complexes should be changed by the space planning to secure continuity with the city on the basis of accessibility and connectivity and to reinforce visual openness in the internal streets in order to improve amenity and perceptibility, accordingly the mixed-use commercial complexes will be also born again as symbolic public space in the city. Variously changing elements to improve publicness very importantly act on the planning of internal streets in the mixed-use commercial complexes, and therefore researches should be continuously carried out.

Studies on the Processing of Krill Sauce (크릴간장 제조(製造)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Lee, Eung-Ho;Cho, Soon-Yeong;Cha, Yong-Jun;Park, Hyang-Suk;Kwon, Chil-Sung
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.13 no.1
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    • pp.97-106
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    • 1984
  • The Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, is drawing attention over the world as the largest source of unutilized proteins in the ocean. For the use of krill as a human food, processing conditions of krill sauce by autolysis and/or commercial proteolytic enzyme digestion were examined. The krill was chopped and mixed with equal weight of water, and hydrolyzed by autolysis and/or commercial proteolytic enzyme digestion. The optimal conditions for hydrolysis of krill were $52.5^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0-7.5, 3 hours by autolysis, $52.5^{\circ}C$, pH 6.3, 3hours by bromelain (0.5 %) digestion, and $52.5^{\circ}C$, pH 7.0-7.5, 3 hours by commercial complex enzyme (5 %) digestion, respectively The maximum hydrolyzing rate of protein were 83.2 % by autolysis, 89.7 % by bromelain digestion, 92.7 % by commercial complex enzyme digestion. After krill meat hydrolyzed by autolysis at optimum condition, inactivated at $100^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes and filtered with Buchner funnel. Two kinds of products were prepared with krill hydrolysate and preservatives: one contained 10 % of sodium chloride and 0.06 % of benzoic acid and the other 10 % of sodium chloride and 3 % of ethyl alcohol. These products were filled in the sterilized glass bottle and sealed. The pH, volatile basic nitrogen, amino nitrogen, color value (L, a and b values) and viable counts of bacteria were determined during storage at $37^{\circ}C$. The results showed that the products could be preserved in good condition during one month at $37^{\circ}C$. As a method to reduce the sodium level in krill sauce, it is convinced that sodium chloride could be replaced half in partially by potassium chloride. In the products prepared from krill by autolysis, bromelain or commercial complex enzyme digestion, hypoxanthine and 5'-IMP were abundant among the nucleotides and their related compounds as 15.3-20.4 ${\mu}mole/g$, dry solid, 2.2-2.5 ${\mu}mole/g$, dry solid, respectively. The abundant free amino acids were lysine, leucine, proline, alanine and valine. The contents of these amino acids were 67.4 %, 69.4 %, 69.8 % of the total free amino acids of each products. And TMAO, betaine and total creatinine were low in contents. The flavor of krill sauce prepared from krill by autolysis or enzyme digestion was not inferior to that of traditional Kerean soy sauce by sensory evaluation.

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Study on the Eco-friendly Design Methods of the High-rise Residential-Commercial Building -Based on a work of Ken yeang, Bishopsgate Towers- (초고층 주상복합건축물의 친환경적 디자인 방법에 대한 연구 -켄 양의 Bishopsgate Towers를 중심으로-)

  • Kim, Sun-Ok;Oh, Se-Gyu
    • Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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    • 2005.11a
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    • pp.283-286
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    • 2005
  • In the modern city in which the high-density and complex land use is needed, high-rise residential-commercial buildings appeared as a scheme to arrange a metropolitan residence with multiple high-techs and to induce activation of the city with leading the settled population to flow into the city. And the need of the times is to actively apply the eco-friendly notion to the architecture. In this study, the works of Ken Yeang who is regarded as an eco-friendly architect to make high-rise residential-commercial buildings ecological should be focused on with analyses of eco-friendly characteristics in inside, intersection between inside and outside, and outside of his works. The result o the study would be the suggestion to design eco-friendly high-rise buildings which make the city rise in quality.

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Characteristics of White Water from Enzyme Deinking process for ONP at Low Alkalinity

  • Eom, Tae-Jin
    • Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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    • v.41 no.5
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    • pp.44-49
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    • 2009
  • Old newspaper was deinked using commercial cellulolytic enzymes and a surfactant complex at low alkalinity. The properties of the deinked pulp(DIP) were evaluated and the suspended solids content, cationic demand, turbidity, and chemical oxygen demand(COD) of the process water were measured. The results can summarized as follows, 1. The brightness and yield of the DIP were improved using enzymatic surfactant complex deinking. 2. The amount of foaming during deinking with the enzyme surfactant complex was higher than that with synthetic surfactant deinking. However, it was not sufficient to cause process problem. 3. The pH and turbidity of the white water from deinking with the enzyme surfactant complex were similar to those of the white water from surfactant deinking. 4. The suspended solids content, cationic demand, and COD of the white water from deinking with the enzyme surfactant complex were improved compared to those of the white water from surfactant deinking.