• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.215-220
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• 2004

The TIER-LII system was established and evaluated using carbon black for diesel particulate size measurement. It contains a new designed sensor head which makes it easier to be measured. Through LII signal analysis of some parameters, we can understand that there were few correlations observed in effect of temperature, shield gas flow rate, and mixture flow rate.. However, an amount of difference was observed in different size of particulates.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2003.07b
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• pp.1115-1118
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• 2003

A great part of flint fuel is Hydrogen and carbon's combination. they should be generated steam and carbon gas when combine with oxygen for perfect combustion in the inside of engine, but the pollutive material especially NOx and Soot are exhausted, even though fuel is combine perfectly. In this paper the characteristics of exhaust material from diesel engine is investigated for the corona discharge-EGR hybrid plasma reactor, which combined corona discharge with EGR system. NOx is decreased in all load and applied voltage to plasma reactor. However Soot is increased as increasing EGR rate and it is decreased as increasing applied voltage.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.36 no.7
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• pp.910-918
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• 2012

Carbon monoxide (CO) is a primary air pollutant as an indicator of air quality released from motor vehicle combustion. A comparative study of the distributions of CO concentration with no heat source in two tunnel models open and closed at both end sides is simulated with a commercial CFD code. The tunnel models are used to investigate the CO concentration distributions at three Reynolds numbers, which are computed by the inlet velocities of 0.3, 0.6 and 1.0 m/s. For a better tunnel design, the CFD predictive approaches are available in qualitatively studying the distributions of CO concentration. In the case of the tunnel open at both end sides in sixty seconds, the total CO concentrations are approximately twenty eight percent higher than those in the closed case.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2018

Compression ignition diesel engine can reduce carbon emission than gasoline engine in case of high efficiency, output and durability. So, compression ignition diesel engine is used in various fields such as automobiles, industries and so on. Due to reducing of emission exhaust by Developing of injection and combustion type of diesel engine, emission of pollution substance is developed compared the past. Moreover, its efficiency and reduce of carbon emission is better than gasoline engine and it is used in power source of industries, transports and others because of its high efficiency and durability nowadays. In this study, we experiment by making and designing of compression ignition diesel engine witch has air-cooling, 2 cylinder and 2 strokes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.598-603
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• 2005

Biogas produced from anaerobic digestion processes has about 60% of methane and about 40% of carbon dioxide. Raw biogas can be used in internal combustion engines either spark ignition or diesel engines. Since the gas has relatively low calorific values, engine power also is lower than rated power values. Modified engines or biogas-specific engines have been utilized in order to increase efficiency. Another option is gas cleansing for increasing its calorific values. A couple of European countries adopted this approach in using biogas for one of transportation fuels, such as $CO_2$ scrubbing with water or special solutions. This study reports the results of water scrubbing for reducing $CO_2$ concentration. In 2.5m-high PVC pipe accepting water, $CO_2$ reduction rates were investigated. When flow rate of $CO_2$ and air mixture was about 5 LPM, $CO_2$ concentration was decreased up to 70%. Higher calorific biogas through water scrubbing is expected to be applied to various commercial engines without costly modification.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.55-66
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• 2011

Recently developed a variety of architectural interior decoration according hwadoeme type of toxic gases generated during fire also are becoming diversified, resulting in fatal casualties occurred in the trend is also being increased. During a fire, toxic gas that is generated varies depending on the combustible material occurs. However, all combustible materials, including carbon, incomplete combustion of carbon monoxide which is generated in the most common toxic gases can be seen as one. Accordingly, in this study of organic solids that are generated in case of fire toxic gases, and briefly discuss the characteristics of the risks and, by far the most common Co gas for measures to prevent human casualties, seolbijeok, the temperature dependence, divided into four aspects of administrative daechaekdeung explained.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2013.06a
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• pp.19-20
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• 2013

The cofiring of renewable fuel in coal fired boilers is an attractive option to mitigate $CO_2$ emissions, since it is relatively low cost option for efficiently converting renewable fuel to electricity by adding biomass as partial substitute of coal. However, it would lead to reduce plant efficiency and flexibility in operation, and increase operation cost and capital cost associated with renewable fuels handling and firing equipment. The aim of this study is to investigate reduction of carbon dioxide at varying percentage of biomass in fuel blend to the boiler biomass, and estimate operation and capital cost. Wood pellet, PKS (palm kernel shell), EFB (empty fruit bunch) and sludge are considered as a renewable fuels for a cofiring with coal. Several approaches by the cofiring ratio are chosen from past plant demonstrations and commercial cofiring operation, and they are evaluated and discussed for CO2 reduction and cost estimation.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.604-610
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• 2007

Characteristics of steam gasification and combustion of naphtha tar pitch, which is the bottom product of naphtha cracking process, were investigated by using the thermo gravimetric analyzer to develop the technology for obtaining syngas by using the naphtha tar pitch as a carbon source. Friedman's and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method were used to calculate activation energy, reaction order and frequency factor of reaction rate constant for both of steam gasification and combustion. The activation energy of combustion of naphtha tar pitch based on the fractional conversion by Friedman's method was in the range of 41.58 ~ 68.14 kJ/g-mol when the fractional conversion level was in the range of 0.2~0.6, but 183.07~191.17 kJ/g-mol when the conversion level was 0.9~1.0, respectively. In case of steam gasification of naphtha tar pitch, the activation energy was in the range of 31.87~44.87 kJ/g-mol in the relatively lower conversion level (0.2~0.6), but 70.63~87.79 kJ/g-mol in the relatively higher conversion level (0.8~0.95), respectively. Those results exhibited that the steam gasification as well as combustion would occur by means of two steps such as devolitilization followed by combustion or gasification.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.40-47
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• 2014

Feasibility of utilizing unburned carbon residue in coal ash as a potential precursor for the production of activated carbon was assessed to seek for solution to recycle unburned carbon residue. The unburned carbon concentrate generated from the 4 stages of cleaner flotation has a grade of 87% carbon. The crystalline impurities in the concentrate included quartz and mullite. Unburned carbon had a low specific surface area of $10m^2/g$, which might be related to a high degree of coalification of domestic anthracite coal. Carbon particles were mostly porous and have a turbostratic structure. When 1g of carbon was activated with 6g of KOH powder, the highest specific surface area value of $670m^2/g$ was achieved. Low wettability of unburned carbon particles, which was resulted from high temperature combustion in a boiler, might cause poor pore formation when they were activated by KOH solution. The activated carbon produced in this study developed micropores, with an equivalent quality of general-purpose activated carbon made from coal. Hence, it is concluded that chemically treated unburned carbon can be used for water purification or an alternative to carbon black as it is.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.368-377
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• 2015

Bunker C fuel oil is a high-viscosity oil obtained from petroleum distillation as a residue. The sulfur content of bunker C fuel oil is limited to 4.0% or even lower to protect the environment. Because bunker C fuel oil is burned in a furnace or boiler for the generation of heat or used in an engine for the generation of power, carbon dioxide is emitted as a result of combustion. The objective of this study is to investigate $CO_2$ emission characteristics of bunker C fuel oil by sulfur contents. Calorific values and carbon contents of the fuels were measured using the oxygen bomb calorimeter method and the CHN elemental analysis method, respectively. Sulfur and hydrogen contents, which were used to calculate the net calorific value, were also measured and then net calorific values and $CO_2$ emission factors were determined. The results showed that hydrogen content increases and carbon content decreases by reducing sulfur contents for bunker C fuel oil with sulfur contents less than 1.0%. For sulfur contents between 1.0% and 4.0%, carbon content increases as sulfur content decreases but there is no evident variation in hydrogen content. Net calorific value increases by reducing sulfur contents. $CO_2$ emission factor, which is calculated by dividing carbon content by net calorific value, decreases as sulfur content decreases for bunker C fuel oil with sulfur contents less than 1.0% but it showed relatively constant values for sulfur contents between 1.0% and 4.0%.