• 한국측량학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국측량학회 2006년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.99-104
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• 2006

The new gravity field combination models are expected to improve the knowledge of the Earth's global gravity field. This study evaluates eleven global gravity field models derived from gravimetry and altimetry surface data in a comparison with ground truth in South Korea. Geoid heights obtained from GPS and levelling in South Korea are compared with geoid heights from the models. The results show that the gravity satellites CHAMP, GRACE and LAGEOS plus gravimetry and altimetry surface data have led to an improvement in gravity field models. As expected, the new combination gravity field model which are EIGEN-CG03C and EIGEN-GL04C give better results than the predecessors widely used models(EGM96, OSU91A etc.).

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제31권6_2호
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• pp.567-576
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• 2013

The determination of the geoid in South Korea is a national imperative for the modernization of height datums, specifically the orthometric height and the dynamic height, that are used to monitor hydrological systems and environments with accuracy and easy revision, if necessary. The geometric heights above a reference ellipsoid, routinely obtained by GPS, lead immediately to vertical control with respect to the geoid for hydrological purposes if the geoid height above the ellipsoid is known accurately. The geoid height is determined from gravimetric data, traditionally ground data, but in recent times also from airborne data. This paper illustrates the basic concepts for combining these two types of data and gives a preliminary performance assessment of either set or their combination for the determination of the geoid in South Korea. It is shown that the most critical aspect of the combination is the gravitational effect of the topographic masses above the geoid, which, if not properly taken into account, introduces a significant bias of about 8 mgal in the gravity anomalies, and which can lead to geoid height bias errors of up to 10 cm. It is further confirmed and concluded that achieving better than 5 cm precision in geoid heights from gravimetry remains a challenge that can be surmounted only with the proper combination of terrestrial and airborne data, thus realizing higher data resolution over most of South Korea than currently available solely from the airborne data.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.15-29
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• 2005

Superconducting Gravimeters (SG) are the most sensitive instruments for measuring temporal gravity variations. The gravimeter is an integrating sensor therefore the gravity variations caused by different sources must be separated for studying a special effect by applying different models and data analysis methods. The present reduction methods for gravity variations induced by atmosphere and hydrosphere including the ocean and the detection and determination of the most surface gravity effects are shown. Some examples demonstrate the combination of ground (SG) and space techniques especially the combination of SG with GRACE satellite derived temporal gravity variations. Resulting from the performance of the SG and the applied data analysis methods some proposals are made for future SG applications.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.367-377
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• 2019

As an alternative navigation system for the non-GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) environment, a new type of DBRN (DataBase Referenced Navigation) which applies both gravity gradient and terrain, and combines filter-based algorithm with profile matching was suggested. To improve the stability of the performance compared to the previous study, both centralized and decentralized EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) were constructed based on gravity gradient and terrain data, and one of filters was selected in a timely manner. Then, the final position of a moving vehicle was determined by combining a position from the filter with the one from a profile matching. In the simulation test, it was found that the overall performance was improved to the 19.957m by combining centralized and decentralized EKF compared to the centralized EKF that of 20.779m. Especially, the divergence of centralized EKF in two trajectories located in the plain area disappeared. In addition, the average horizontal error decreased to the 16.704m by re-determining the final position using both filter-based and profile matching solutions. Of course, not all trajectories generated improved performance but there is not a large difference in terms of their horizontal errors. Among nine trajectories, eights show smaller than 20m and only one has 21.654m error. Thus, it would be concluded that the endemic problem of performance inconsistency in the single geophysical DB or algorithm-based DBRN was resolved because the combination of geophysical data and algorithms determined the position with a consistent level of error.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.177-185
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• 1995

본 논문은 Geosat, ERS-1, Topex/Poseidon 위성으로부터 얻은 한반도 주변의 위도 $30^\circ{N~50}^\circ{N}$, 경도 $120^\circ{E~140}^\circ{E}$, 지역에서의 $5'\times{5"}$해면고도 데이타를 이용하여 중력이상을 계산하였다. 계산 방법은 Inverse FFT(Fast Fourier Transform) 방법을 이용하였으며, Stokes의 역계산 방정식으로 계산된 중력이상값과 한반도 일원에서 측정된 중력데이타와 비교 분석하였다. 관측데이타와 위성고도 데이타로부터 계산한 중력이상값의 차이에 대한 비교 결과에서 평균 -0.51 mGal, 표준편차 13.48 mGal을 얻었으며, 관측데이타와 OSU91A 지오포텐셜 모델로부터 계산한 중력이상값의 차이의 비교결과는 평균 11.93 mGal, 표준편차 19.19 mGal이었다. 또한, OSU91A 지오포텐셜 모델과 위성고도 데이터로부터 계산한 중력이상값의 차이의 비교 결과 평균 5.30 mGal, 표준편차 19.62 mGal이었다. 이로부터 위성고도 데이터로부터 역계산된 중력이상값을 지오이드 계산에 사용할 수 있을 것이다. 것이다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.89-97
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• 2010

삼면이 바다로 둘러싸인 우리나라에서 정밀 지오이드 모델 개발을 위해서 해상에서의 중력자료는 필수적인 요소이다. 기존의 연구에서 해상에서의 중력자료는 위성고도계자료에서 산출한 중력자료를 이용하여 처리하였으나, 측량장비의 발달과 측위 시스템의 개선 및 국내 선상중력자료의 취득으로 인해 보다 정밀한 중력 자료의 취득이 가능하게 됨에 따라 선상중력자료의 정밀도를 검증하고, 지오이드의 구축에 있어서 선상중력자료의 활용성을 분석해볼 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 국립해양조사원에서 지난 1997년부터 2007년까지 측정한 선상중력자료를 대상으로 에트뵈스(Eotvos) 효과 보정, 칼만 필터(Kalman Filter), 교차점 보정 등의 일관된 처리를 거쳐 평균 16.47 mGal, 표준편차 18.86 mGal의 프리에어이상값을 산출하였다. 산출된 선상중력 프리에어이상값의 정밀도는 DNSC08 위성고도계자료와 비교를 통하여 검증되었는데, 두 자료의 프리에어이상값의 차이는 평균 -0.88 mGal, 표준편차가 9.46mGal로 나타났다. 이러한 차이는 영외지역이나 섬의 분포가 많은 해안 지역에서의 선상중력자료를 확보하는데 있어서의 한계와 해저지형에 의한 영향이 상대적으로 선상중력자료에서 크게 나타나기 때문으로 판단된다. 향후 지오이드 모델 개발에 선상중력자료를 활용하기 위해서는 자료 취득의 한계를 극복하고 위성고도계 자료와의 연계에 대한 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1567-1575
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• 2006

In an automatic combination weigher, the line feeders distribute the product to several weighing hoppers. The ability to supply appropriate amount of product to the weighing hoppers for each combination operation is crucial for the overall performance. Determining the right duration of operating a line feeder to supply a given amount of product becomes very challenging in case of products which are irregular in volume or specific gravity such as granular secondary processed foods. In this research, several schemes were investigated to determine the best way for a line feeder to approximate the next operating time in order to supply a set amount of irregular goods to the corresponding weighing hopper. Results obtained show that a weighted least squares method (WLS) employing 10 data points is the most effective in determining the operating times of line feeders.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.141-149
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• 1993

순수한 위성모델의 조화상수와 지상중력을 조합하여 남한지역에서의 측지기준계 1980(GRS80) 중력지오이드가 산정되었다. Stokes적분의 영역으로는 측점증력을 사용한 $20^{\prime}{\times}20^{\prime}$의 인접범위와 $10^{\prime}{\times}10^{\prime}$ 평균중력을 사용한 $2^{\circ}{\times}2^{\circ}$의 중간범위, 그리고 GEM9 조화상수를 GRS80 기준계로 변환하여 구한 $1^{\circ}{\times}1^{\circ}$평균중력을 외곽범위에 적용하였다. 경계영역을 ${\psi}_0=30^{\circ}$로 한 Stokes 적분의 결과에서는 OSU89B 모델과 약 2~3m 의 차이가 있으며 이는 $1{\times}10^{-6}$ 인 프리에어 지오이드로서 만족됨을 보여주고 있다.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.373-382
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• 2016

In this study, an EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) based database reference navigation using both gravity gradient and terrain data was performed to complement the weakness of using only one type of geophysical DB (Database). Furthermore, a new algorithm which combines the EKF and profile matching was developed to improve the stability and accuracy of the positioning. On the basis of simulations, it was found that the overall navigation performance was improved by the combination of geophysical DBs except the two trajectories in which the divergence of TRN (Terrain Referenced Navigation) occurred. To solve the divergence problem, the profile matching algorithm using the terrain data is combined with the EKF. The results show that all trajectories generate the stable performance with positioning error ranges between 14m to 23m although not all trajectories positioning accuracy is improved. The average positioning error from the combined algorithm for all nine trajectories is about 18 m. For further study, a development of a switching geophysical DB or algorithm between the EKF and the profile matching to improve the navigation performance is suggested.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 1994

Stokes 적분에 의하여 지오이드고를 산정하는 문제에서 경계영역의 외곽에 대한 영향을 무시하게 되면 절단오차가 발생한다. 이 논문에서는 남한지역에 대하여 개선된 GRS80 중력 지오이드모델 KGM93(Korean Gravimetric geoid Model 1993)을 제시하였다. 이 모델은 GEM-72 등의 위성중력과 지상중력을 조합시켜 산정하였으며 경계영역을 $\psi_0=30^\circ$로 하고 프리에어 지오이드에 절단오차를 보정하였다. 연구결과에서는 제시된 KGM93-C의 정확도가 약 1 미터 수준에 있음을 보여준다.