• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 1978

Elder-berries are economical plants and grown commercially in the United States. Most of the crop is sold to processors and made into natural colour, jellies, jam, port wine or elder berry wine, elder berry juice or used to manufacture of pie mixes. Processors are showing increasing interest in cultivation elder berries. In the present study was wish to find the effect of various factors and practical methods on the processing for the true fruit colour made from fresh elder berries juice as the clearing by the treated pectinase, added sugar, vaccum concentration, extraction of anthocyanosid powder and its property with used prospects. In this study obtained results can be summarized as follows. 1. Pectinase is useful and effected to make clear juice from fresh elder berry juice treated on the $34{\sim}45^{\circ}C$. 2. P.V.C. drum is most useful stored without unfading for clearing elderberry juice and its exposed redish dark purple colour. 3. Clearing elderberry juice stored in the stainless steel drum, changed colour from redish dark purple to dark violets during the stored at the room temperature. 4. Added sugar (Brix $48{\sim}53^{\circ}C$) to the fresh elderberry juice is useful and suitable prospects for to make home juice and wine. 5. The elderberry juice of vaccum concentration is change colour from dark purple to black brown colour during the stored at the room temperature. 6. Its possible to make anthocyanosid powder extracted made from fresh elderberry juice 7. Property of anthocyanosid is an follows. 1) The spectrum of elderberries juice is $523{\sim}530m{\mu}$ 2) The colouring stability is less than $pH_4$ 3) The colouring stability by the heating is less than $pH_4$, and then the more than $pH_4$ is changed colour from redish dark purple to dark brown. 4) By the light colouring stability is less than $pH_4$ 5) The colouring most stability in the pH is $pH_3$ 8. In the future, natural colour made from elderberry juice on the useful prospects is suitable used to make natural fruit juice, ice cream, candy, commercial and home wine, gum, and manufacture of jelly jam, pie maxes, ect.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 1969

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.34
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• pp.57-66
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• 1997

This thesis is mainly on the study of Gongbok(official dress) and Sangbok (usual dress) in the system of official o-utfit of the Song dynasty. The Song dynasty has not left many historical remains due to the vicious cycle of intermittent internal disturbance and several outside invasions. According to the records of the Song dynasty which identified official dress with usual dress saying "the official dress of every government officers is his usual dress" this thesis is concentrated on the study of official dress and usual dress among many different types of official outfit. In the Song dynasty had survived until the year of 1123 from the year of 960 us-ing the four colour system of purple chi-nese red green and blue. The four colour system of purple deep red. green and black of official outfit of the Song dy-nasty the first year of Wonpung's regin and wearing Eodae(fish sack)is a sure sign of influence of the system of the Song dynasty.g dynasty.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.200-207
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• 2017

PURPOSE. In this study, three bioceramic materials, [IPS Empress CAD (Ivoclar), IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar), and Lava Ultimate CAD (3M ESPE)] were treated with three commercial mouthrinses [Listerine, Tantum Verde, and Klorhex]; and changes in colour reflectance and surface roughness values were then quantitatively assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS. One hundred and twenty ceramic samples, with dimensions of $2{\times}12{\times}14mm$, were prepared and divided into nine sample groups, except three control samples. The samples were immersed in the mouthrinse solutions for 120 hrs, and changes in colour reflectance and surface roughness values were measured by UV light spectrophotometry (Vita Easyshade; VITA Zahnfabrik) and by profilometer device (MitutoyoSurftest SJ-301), respectively. The change of surface roughness was inspected by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). RESULTS. There was a positive correlation between the ${\Delta}E$ and increase in the surface roughness. Two of the ceramic materials, IPS Empress and Lava Ultimate, were affected significantly by the treatment of the mouthrinse solutions (P<.05). The most affecting solution was Tantum Verde and the most affected material was Lava Ultimate. As expected, the most resistant material to ${\Delta}E$ and chemical corrosion was IPS e max CAD among the materials used. CONCLUSION. This work implied that mouthrinse with lower alcohol content had less deteriorating effect on colour and on the surface morphology of the bioceramic materials.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.15-20
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• 2022

Colours are primarily composed of three properties - hue, brightness, and saturation, However, each property of colour is not independently visually recognised. Previous studies on saturation and brightness found that brightness was sensed differently depending on the degree of purity of the saturation; however, most of the psychophysical experiments used subtractive mixing. Therefore, fundamental research on colour perception based on display is needed. In this study, we conducted a psychophysical experiment and to investigate the visual characteristics of saturation and brightness based on a display with a self-luminous system. After selecting a certain brightness in the additive-mixed display, the experiment was conducted by adjusting the saturation of the main colours. Thus, by analysing the experimental results, we determined whether the results were the same as ones from subtractive mixing and whether the data are meaningful for the characteristics of colour perception. We also suggested future research directions.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.407-420
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• 2022

Chicken dominates meat consumption because it is low in fat and high in protein and has less or no religious and cultural barriers. Recently, meat quality traits have become the focus of the poultry industry more than ever. Currently, poultry farming is focusing on meat quality to satisfy meat consumer preferences, which are mostly based on high-quality proteins and a low proportion of saturated fatty acids. Meat quality traits are polygenic traits controlled by many genes. Thus, it is difficult to improve these traits using the conventional selection method because of their low to moderate heritability. These traits include pH, colour, drop loss, tenderness, intramuscular fat (IMF), water-holding capacity, flavour, and many others. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are an efficient genomic tool that identifies the genomic regions and potential candidate genes related to meat quality traits. Due to their impact on the economy, meat quality traits are used as selection criteria in breeding programs. Various genes and markers related to meat quality traits in chickens have been identified. In chickens, GWAS have been successfully done for intramuscular fat (IMF) content, ultimate pH (pHu) and meat and skin colour. Moreover, GWAS have identified 7, 4, 4 and 6 potential candidate genes for IMF, pHu, meat colour and skin colour, respectively. Therefore, the current review summarizes the significant genes identified by genome-wide association studies for meat quality traits in chickens.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.131-140
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• 2015

After drawing the sensory images from the color green, the difference of sensory images and the difference of the color green according to demographic characteristics and which factors affect the preference have been analysed. The thirty six-photos of 2013 women fashion show on the STYLE.COM were used for the stimuli of green colour fashion for the questionnaire. The people surveyed were adults in their 20s to 50s. The 123 copies of the questionnaire were used for the statistical analysis of this study. Factor analysis, Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ test, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and Regression analysis test were carried out by SPSS 19 for the statistical analysis of collected data. The results were as follows. The sensory images of green fashion were drawn in six types. The sensory images of green fashion according to demographic characteristics showed a significant difference depending on martial status, age, monthly income and occupation. The preference of green colour fashion according to demographic characteristics showed a significant difference depending on sex, age, monthly income, occupation. The variables affecting the preference of green fashion were identified as four types, and the most affecting variable to the preference was the favorable and familiar factor. These research results will become available on selecting the target customer and making the marketing differentiation strategy when planning fashion products.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.17 no.2 s.81
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• pp.19-25
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• 2005

A colour-difference formulae would be based on a colour appearance model, but, So far, most colour-difference formulae in common use are based on empirical fits to data. Therefore, of the many proposed, none are completely satisfactory but advances have been made in recent years. A new color-difference data set has been produced with the aims of making a comparison of the advanced CIE Lab formulae as well as confirming the effect of color-difference. 416 low lightness pairs that have only lightness-difference were produced for evaluation of CIE Lab-based formulae on lightness-difference from glossy polyester fabric. The standard color-difference pair was prepared and used. It was neutral grey sample pair that has only lightness difference. The standard pair was used to investigate lightness tolerances. And grey-scale method used to evaluate visual assessment. CIE Lab coordinates of the samples were measured using a X-Rite 8200 spectrophotometer. Visual assessments were carried out using Gretag Macbeth The Judge II Light Booth. A study of color tolerances at low lightness was carried out and get avaliable some results.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2003

This paper analyses the geometric aspect of Sonia Delaunay′s works on the basis of design elements and principles. Geometric pattern is one of the distinct features of early 20th century avant-garde works. The significance of its pattern and colour comes from the fact that it has not only influenced the contemporary fine art but also offered the basic principle of modern costume design. In 1925 she was designing clothes which could be worn today without appearing old-fashioned. She foresaw the future trends in fashion and interior decoration. One might claim she belongs to the avant-garde even today and no less astonishing a phenomenon than she was in 1925. Sonia Delaunay′s art was one of the first expressions of abstract painting and her "simultaneous contrasts" are among the earliest example of the aesthetic. In Delaunay′s geometric abstraction it is found that the technique of "simultaneous contrasts" is exploited almost without exception. Colour as well as Collage was the favourite technique Delnaunay used in creating a distinct simultaneity. Many "inobjective" paintings as she herself called unite the rigour of simple geometric forms with an inner life and poetry which emanate from the richness of the colour, the musicality of the rhythm, the vibrant breadth of the execution.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.47-58
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• 2000

This paper analyses the geometric aspect of Soma Delaunay's works on the basis of design elements and principles. Geometric pattern is one of the distinct features of early 20th century avant-garde works. The significance of its pattern and colour comes from the fact that it has not only influenced the contemporary fine art but also offered the basic principle of modern costume design. In 1925 she was designing clothes which could be worn today without appearing old-fashioned. She foresaw the future trends in fashion and interior decoration, One might claim she belongs to the avant-garde even today and no less astonishing a phenomenon than she was in 1925. Soma Delaunay's art was one of the first expressions of abstract painting and her "simultaneous contrasts"are among the earliest example of the aesthete. In Delaunay's geometric abstraction it is found that the technique of"simultaneous contrasts" is exploited almost without exception. colour as well as collage was the favourite technique Delnaunay used in creating a distinct simultaneity, Many "inobjective" paintings as she herself called unite the rigour of simple geometric forms with an inner life and poetry which emanate from the richness of the colour, the musicality of the rhythm, the vibrant breadth of the execution.rant breadth of the execution.