• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.56-65
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of hairstyle, hair length, and hair color on women's professional image. The quasi-experimental method by a $2{\times}3{\times}3\;(hairstyle\;{\times}\;hair length\;{\times}\;hair color)$ factorial design was used. Subjects were 343 women in Seoul, Korea. The bright brown hair was perceived to be less professional than the black and the dark brown. The straight hair was evaluated to be more professional than the wavy hair in the short and the medium length hair, whereas the wavy conveyed a higher professionalism than the straight style in long hair. The shorter the hair was, the more professional the image was. Among 18 stimuli, the short straight hair in black was evaluated to have the highest in professional image, and the long straight hair in bright brown was the lowest. Perceivers in their 40's and 50's evaluated the bright brown hair to be more professional than those in their 10's to 30's did. The present findings provide that hairstyle, hair length, and hair color are significant cues when perceiving women's professional image.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.195-206
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• 2013

The main causes of traffic accidents while driving a car is of the driver's visual distraction. In this study, the color sensitivity of the information projected on the windshield were evaluated for HUD (Head Up Display) system which helps the driver's eyes on the road while driving. The driving Information were projected $9^{\circ}$ downward from front sight $0^{\circ}$ under lab's fluorescent lights, LED floorlights and the TV had having 25 [lux] illumination when driving at night environment and 100,000 [lux] of daylight environment. Munsell color hue of the basic five colors (R, Y, G, B, P) and the color of traffic lights YR, W were the color of the seven characters, each character were outlined by White, Gray except for W. Total of 19 experimental stimuli was shown in the environment of day and night driving for asking visibility information of color, fatigue, preferences, and evaluate the degree of interference. The results came out that the bright Y and G color is visibility significantly for daylight. Second, with the outline of the text, the color of the outline works as a background for luminance contrast effects and affects visibility. Third, without the outline, the glass in front of the vehicle acts as the background and the luminance contrast of characters achieve greater brightness and visibility. The luminance contrast between the stimuli and background should be considered for increasing color visibility for driving information which is an important factor for HUD commercialization.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2005

Purpose : Instead of conventional two-dimensional (2-D) visual stimuli, three-dimensional (3-D) visual stimuli with stereoscopic vision were employed for the study of functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (f-MRI). In this paper f-MRI with 3-D visual stimuli is investigated in comparison with f-MRI with 2-D visual stimuli. Materials and Methods : The anaglyph which generates stereoscopic vision by viewing color coded images with red-blue glasses is used for 3-D visual stimuli. Two-dimensional visual stimuli are also used for comparison. For healthy volunteers, f-MRI experiments were performed with 2-D and 3-D visual stimuli at 3.0 Tesla MRI system. Results : Occipital lobes were activated by the 3-D visual stimuli similarly as in the f-MRI with the conventional 2-D visual stimuli. The activated regions by the 3-D visual stimuli were, however, larger than those by the 2-D visual stimuli by $18\%$. Conclusion : Stereoscopic vision is the basis of the three-dimensional human perception. In this paper 3-D visual stimuli were applied using the anaglyph. Functional MRI was performed with 2-D and 3-D visual stimuli at 3.0 Tesla whole body MRI system. The occipital lobes activated by the 3-D visual stimuli appeared larger than those by the 2-D visual stimuli by about $18\%$. This is due to the more complex character of the 3-D human vision compared to 2-D vision. The f-MRI with 3-D visual stimuli may be useful in various fields using 3-D human vision such as virtual reality, 3-D display, and 3-D multimedia contents.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.863-877
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dot pattern size(0.8, 1.8, 2.5, 5, 8), color combination (BG/R, Y/B), value tone(lt/dk, p/g), area-ratio on image information. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 20 color pictures manipulated with the combination of dot pattern size, color combination, value tone and area-ratio using computer simulation. The subjects were 240 female undergraduates living in Gyeongsangnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 4 different components, visibility, chastity.feminity, cuteness and attractiveness. In the visibility, color combination, value tone, area-ratio, dot pattern size showed independent effect. In the chastity feminity, color combination, value tone, showed independent effect. In the cuteness, value tone, area-ratio, dot pattern size showed independent effect. Significant interaction effects of color and area-ratio combination on visibility and cuteness were found. Interaction efforts of color and value tone combination, value tone and area-ratio was significant on cuteness. For visibility image, BG/R combination of color and yellow background/blue dots were effective. For cuteness image, pale/grayish tone and background/dots area-ratio were effective.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.416-429
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of VM components(facade color and show window type) on store image and purchasing intention of fashion stores. The subjects were 428 male and female university students in Daejeon and Chungnam province. The measuring instruments were 6 stimuli manipulated by $3{\times}2$ factorial design of facade color and show window type, and a self-administrated questionnaire consisted of store image, purchasing intention, and subjects' demographic characteristics. The results were as follows. First, facade color mainly affected store image and purchasing intention. White color was preferred as more positive images(pleasurable, comfortable, neat, and modern), and showed higher purchasing intention than brown color. Second, show window type affected some store images. Semi-open type was perceived as more pleasurable image than enclosed type, whereas enclosed type was perceived as more luxurious, neat, and attractive image than semi-open type. However, show window type didn't affect purchasing intention. Third, subject' sex affected store image and purchasing intention. Male subjects perceived more positively on store image and had higher purchasing intention than females. This study suggested that facade color and show window type are important VM components affecting store image and purchasing intention.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.841-851
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of motif categories and motif colors on evaluating sensory image of fashion materials with the gestalt theory as the background. The research was conducted on a quasi experimental basis, with subjects numbering 187 male and 207 female college students. Data were collected in the period from march 19th to march 31st, 2007. A set of fabric stimuli and semantic differential scales were developed. The stimuli were thirteen fabric species(each measuring 12 by 13cm). Variables included; (a) motif colour(white, grey, pink and blue) (b) motif categories(plain, paisley, flower, stripes and zebra effect). The semantic differential scale to measure sensory image of fabric stimuli included 23 sets of bi-polar adjectives. The data were analysed by factor analysis and ANOVA and the major finding were as follows. 1) Four sensory dimensions emerged of importance: salience, attractiveness, comfort and softness. 2) The motif category effected on the four sensory image dimensions while the motif colour effected on salience, comfort and softness sensory dimensions. 3) An interaction effect was founded between motif category and motif colour. 4) Motif category showed significant effects on the preference and liking of the fashion, however the motif colour did not show any significant effects on the preference and liking. As a whole the results supported the gestalt theory and the results can be used for the marketing strategy for developing fashion fabrics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.995-1006
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• 2004

This study examines the effects of clothing style and the order effect on impression formation. The instrument of this study consisted of response scales and stimuli. Fifty-one items of 7-point semantic differential scales, 9 items of demographic traits, and 4 items of subjective evaluation scales were developed. Stimuli were color pictures of a model wearing each of two clothing styles(mannish style, feminine style). The sample include 56 male and female subjects in their twenties and thirties. The experimental design was within-subject design and the half of the sample responded to the mannish style first and the other half responded to the feminine style first. Responses to the semantic differential scales were factor analyzed, and seven factors were identified: intellectuality, sensibility, activity, modesty, competence, display, keenness. There were significant differences between mannish style and feminine style in impression of wearer＇s age, job, and physical attractiveness as well as wearer＇s intellectuality and sensibility. It was revealed that the first impression and second impression of wearer＇s intellectuality, sensibility, modesty, competence, display were differed by the function of the order of stimuli shown to the subjects. Both primacy effect and recency effect of order effect were confirmed, and especially negativity effect was influenced prominently on impression formation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.60 no.6
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• pp.37-47
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of perceiver's gender, interval and color of checked pattern on clothing image. The experimental materials developed for this study were a set of stimulus and response scales. The stimuli were 16 color pictures, in which the perceiver's gender, interval(0.5cm, 1.5cm, 3.5cm, 5.5cm), and color(red, yellow, blue, purple) were manipulated. The 7-point scale was used for evaluation of clothing image. Data were obtained from 192 male college students and 192 female college students living in Seoul, Gwangju, Jinju, and Masan on December 2009. For data analysis, ANOVA and Duncan-test were used by using SPSS program. Results of this study were as follows.; Clothing image according to interval and color of checked pattern consisted of five dimensions of attractiveness, appeal, warmness, modesty, and freshness. Perceiver's gender showed an independent effect on appeal, modesty, and freshness. Interval showed an independent effect on appeal, warmness, modesty, and freshness. Also, interaction effects of Perceiver's gender and interval on appeal and freshness were found. Interaction effects of Perceiver's gender and color on appeal were found.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1111-1121
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• 1998

The objectives of this study were to identify the dimensional structure of female impression formation based on ornaments and color of jacket, and to analyze the effect of ornaments, color of jacket, and perceiver's gender on impression formation. The experimental design was 3$\times$4$\times$2(ornaments$\times$color of jacket$\times$gender) factorial design by 3 independent variables. The stimuli of color photographs of female model and the semantic differential scale were used. Samples were 288 college males and females. The data were analyzed by factor analysis, ANOVA, duncan's multiple range test, and t-test. Four factors derived to account for the dimensions of impression formation. These were potency, elegance, evaluation, youthfulness, and feminine. Wearing of large ornaments(a necklace and earrings) had a negative effect on impression of elegance and positive on potency. Red jackets increased the impression of positive evaluation, potency, feminity, and youthfulness. On the jackets of achromatic color such as white and black, wearing of large ornaments increased the effect of potency, and large ornaments increased matured impression on black jacket. The results of this study mean that perceiverss used large ornaments and red jackets as a salient cue.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.58 no.6
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• pp.54-68
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of dot pattern size(0.8, 1.8, 2.5, 5, 8), color combination(BG/R, Y/B), area-ratio on image formation. Sets of stimulus and response scales(7 point semantic) were used as experimental materials. The stimuli were 20 color pictures manipulated with the combination of dot pattern size, color combination, and area-ratio using computer simulation. The subjects were 240 female undergraduates living in Gyeongnam-do. Image factor of the stimulus was composed of 5 different components, visibility, attractiveness, cuteness, stability and high class image. In the cuteness, color combination, dot pattern size showed independent effect. In the stability, area-ratio, dot pattern size showed independent effect. Interaction effects of color and area-ratio combination was significant on cuteness. For visibility image 8cm yellow dot/blue background, for attractiveness image BG/R coloration, for cuteness image Y/B coloration and for stability image 0.8cm yellow dot/blue background were effective. According to the variation of dot pattern size, color combination and area-ratio, it was investigated that the images for a dress wearer were expressed diversely, were shown differently in image dimensions, and could be produced to different images.