• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.141-154
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose is to provide basic information for establishing improvements on performance-based pay's evaluation method of health teachers. Methods: For subjects, 200 teachers at public elementary schools and 200 health teachers at public elementary schools in Gyeonggi-do were conveniently sampled, and then surveyed through a questionnaire. The questionnaire was to recognize recognition of teachers working under the teacher's performance-based pay system, which was quoted in the questionnaire of Choi ji-hye (2005) and Lee mi-gyeong (2008). Inquiry for the recognition of teachers on evaluation of health teacher's performance-based pay system and improvements on the performance-based pay's evaluation method of health teachers were used after consultation with five incumbent health teachers and a review with the thesis director. Results: The performance-based pay's evaluation method of health teachers has the same method with general teachers in schools, so it is not fair to evaluate the performance of health teachers. The ways to improve the performance-based pay evaluation method of health teachers is as follows: first, the approval on improving 'the number of class hours' which is a detailed item of a teacher's performance evaluation criterion to 'the number of health lesson hours per week and the number of students visiting the school infirmary per week'; second, improving 'life guidance' into 'counseling results of medically-treated students, parents of students and personal hygiene guidance'; third, improving 'a teacher in charge' into 'awarding of points by being recognized as a health teacher in charge of all students and considering the economic situation of the region,; forth, improving 'difficulty of position' into 'the number of health-teacher's annual promotion task items and the treatment number of issuing and receiving of official documents', and improving the 'task difficulty' into 'importance and urgency of emergency patient management, risk level and urgency of infectious diseases and avoiding work in charge' appeared to be more than 90% respectively. Conclusion: The performance-based pay system of teachers being carried out every year should be executed by preparing fair evaluation criteria suitable for task properties and the role of health teachers with different evaluation criteria compared to general teachers.

• 한국응급구조학회지
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.5-13
• /
• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate dual gender identity, masculine gender identity, feminine gender identity, undifferentiated gender identity with related to Sex, home environments, parental child-rearing attitude of warmth, parental child-rearing attitude of control, role division of parents and determine predictors for dual gender identity. Method : Study subjects were $6^{th}$ grade of primary students with 2,118. Data was collected from Oct to Nov 2003 by using structured questionnaire. Results : ${\cdot}$ Among the children, 345 had masculine gender identity, 529 had feminine gender identity, 526 had undifferentiated gender identity, and 718 had dual gender identity. ${\cdot}$ There were significant differences in the children's sex, mother's age, father's age, mother's educational level, father's educational level, existence of mother's job, father's job, social economic status, sex of siblings, mother's job satisfaction, family structure, family atmosphere, child-rearing attitude(warmth and control), role division of parents($p{\leq}0.001$) among 4 groups. ${\cdot}$ The significant predictors for dual gender identity were children's sex (OR = 0,196, P =0.001), father's age(OR = 31.053, p = 0.020), mother's educational level(OR = 43,980, p = 0.001), father's job(OR=27.465, p = 0.001), social economic status(OR=O.941, p=0.001), sex of siblings(OR = 0.329, p = 0.005), mother's job satisfaction(OR = 0.673, p =0.001), family structure(OR = 0.887, p = 0.001), family atmosphere(OR = 23.786, p = 0.001), parental Child-rearing attitude of warmth(OR = 8.043, p = 0.001) and child-rearing attitude of control(OR = 0.666, p = 0.005), role division of parents(OR = 3.009, p = 0.001). Conclusions : These findings suggest the necessity of broad understandings about factors which influence dual gender role, and construction of combinative model. Also they suggest parent education for establishment of children's dual gender identity.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제17권12호
• /
• pp.289-296
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 입원한 알콜의존환자가 지각하는 신체상, 정서표현신념 및 의사소통 능력의 정도와 상관관계를 파악하고 의사소통능력에 영향을 미치는 요인을 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 자료 수집은 J시 소재 2개 정신전문병원과 S시에 소재한 1개 정신전문병원에 입원 중인 151명의 알코올의존 환자들을 대상으로 구조화된 설문지를 이용하였다. 자료수집 기간은 2018년 10월 11일부터 11월 20일 까지였다. 자료는 SPSS/WIN 21.0을 이용하여 T-test, ANOVA, 상관관계 분석과 다중회귀 분석을 사용하였다. 알코올의존 환자의 신체상과 정서표현 신념은 유의한 부적 상관관계, 신체상과 의사소통능력은 정적 상관관계가 있었고. 정서표현신념과 의사소통능력은 부적 상관관계가 있었다. 의사소통능력에 영향을 미치는 요인은 신체상, 학력, 정서표현신념이었고 총 설명력은 24.9%였다. 따라서 알코올의존환자의 의사소통 능력을 향상시키기 위하여 긍정적인 신체상을 가지도록하며 정서표현신념을 낮출 필요가 있다. 본 연구결과가 알코올 의사소통능력을 향상시키는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제39권5호
• /
• pp.596-604
• /
• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 청소년들의 스마트폰 과의존과 피로회복 간의 관계에서 불안의 매개효과를 검증하여, 청소년의 스마트폰 과의존 중재의 근거자료를 확보하는 것이다. 연구 대상자는 '제16차 청소년 건강행태 온라인조사'를 이용한 청소년 54,948명이다. 연구변수 간의 관계는 상관분석, 요인분석, 매개효과 분석을 실시하였다. 연구 결과 청소년의 스마트폰 과의존은 피로회복에 영향을 미치는 직접효과와, 불안을 경유하여 피로회복에 영향을 주는 간접효과가 나타났다. 청소년의 스마트폰 과의존이 매개변인인 불안에 유의한 영향을 주었고, 피로회복에 유의한 영향을 주었다. 또한 또한 불안은 스마트폰 과의존과 피로회복 간의 관계에서 매개효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 스마트폰 과의존 청소년을 대상으로 피로회복을 향상하기 위해 불안을 관리할 필요가 있다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.11-24
• /
• 2007

Purpose : Health Risk behaviors are a leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality. Adolescents is a critical transitional period for establishing health behavior for healthy life. The purpose of this study was to describe the types and frequency of the health risk behaviors being performed by middle school students, examine the gender and grade differences of health risk behaviors, and identify the relationship among health risk behaviors. Methods : A total of 1952 early adolescents recruited from 7 middle schools in a district of urban setting completed questionnaires. Youth Risk Behavior Survey-Middle school questionnaires was used to identify the types of health risk behaviors among early adolescents. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test using SAS program . Results : The results showed the frequency for most health risk behaviors and increased with advancing grade level. Males were more likely than females to behaviors related to smoking and violence, whereas females were more likely than males to have suicidal thoughts, be physical inactive and attempt to lose weight. Among health risk behaviors, the relationship of alcohol experience, smoking, and suicide was high. Conclusion : The findings identify a high risk target group among middle school adolescents and suggest that preventive intervention strategies should take into consideration the types with gender and grade, and provided the evidence that one of health risk behaviors may induce the other health risk behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
• /
• 제10권2호
• /
• pp.236-243
• /
• 1999

방법론적으로 사회적 지지와 건강과의 관련성에 관한 메타 분석의 결과 사회적 지지의 연구 결과는 측정된 도구에 의해 영향을 받는 점을 시사하고 있다. PRQ Part II는 초기 청소년을 대상으로 사회적 지지의 이론검증연구에서 건강 관련 행위와의 예측 타당도 검증은 이루어 졌으나, 한국에서의 청소년을 대상으로는 이루어지지 않았다. 따라서 청소년을 대상으로 한 PRQ-Part II에 대한 타당성과 신뢰도 검정이 청소년기 스트레스에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 사회적 지지의 정확한 측정을 위하여 매우 중요하며, 다면적인 개념으로서의 인지적 사회적 지지를 측정하는 방법론의 향상을 위해서 본 연구가 시행되었다. 연구결과 한국청소년을 대상으로 PRQ-Part II 25문항을 요인 분석한 결과 15문항의 4요인으로 분류되었다. 요인 1에 해당하는 5가지 항목은 2개의 지도/정보(assistance/guidance), 3개의 정서적지지(intimacy) 항목으로 구성되었다. 따라서 요인 1을 '정서/지도/정보 지지'라고 명명하였다. 15문항의 PRQ-Part II한국 청소년의 인지적 사회적 지지를 측정하는 타당하고 신뢰성 있는 도구로 나타났다. 4가지의 요인 추출로 구성된 15문항의 PRQ-Part II가 부모-자녀 관계, 또는 대처에서 더 높은 상관계수로 구성 타당도를 잘 설명하고 있다. 이에 청소년의 정신 건강의 완충 및 중재 변인으로서의 인지적 사회적 지지에 관심을 둔 이론 검정 연구 및 청소년 평가와 진단에서 15문항의 PRQ-Part II가 구성 타당도면에서 적절함을 제시한다.

• 대한간호
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.68-82
• /
• 1989

This study was a quasi-experimental research study to test the characteristics of temperature regulation according to sponge bath methods of cold application. Thirteen volunteers were selected from among nursing college students according to an established criteria using a purposive sampling technique. Four different cold application methods were used: $\circled1$ tepid water sponge bath at $28^{\circ}C$, $\circled2$ 20% alcohol sponge bath at $28^{\circ}C$, $\circled3$ 40% alcohol sponge bath at $28^{\circ}C$ and $\circled4$ tepid water sponge bath at 28$^{\circ}$C plus an ice bag to the head. Changes in rectal temperature, mean skin temperature, mean body temperature, heat content change and thermal discomfort during the cold application were measured at 5 minute intervals over a 120 minute period. The data collection period was from Dec. 20, 1988 to Feb. 3, 1989. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple regression, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test and Pearson correlation coefficient using the SPSS-X Program. The results of the study are summarized as follows. Five general hypothesis were tested. Hypothesis 1 that "Change in heat content will be decreased for each cold application method according to the cold application time" was rejected. (tepid water sponge bath: after 10 minutes of cold application, 20% alcohol sponge bath: after 25 minutes of cold application: 40% alcohol sponge bath: after 45 minutes of cold application, tepid water sponge bath plus an ice bag to the head: after 80 minutes of cold application) Hypothesis 2 that "Thermal discomfort will be changed for each cold application method according to the cold application time" was rejected after 5minutes of cold application. Hypothesis 3 that "Change in heat content will differ among the cold application methods" was accepted except 0~5, 0~10, 0~65, 0~105 and 0~120 minute. This difference showed significance only between sponge bath methods and tepid water sponge bath plus an ice bag to the head. Hypothesis 4 that "Thermal discomfort will differ among the cold application methods" was accepted at 15, 20, 35, 45, 75, 80, 90, 95, 100, 105, 110, 115 and 120 minute of cold application time. This difference showed significance only between sponge bath methods and tepid water sponge bath plus an ice bag to the head. Hypothesis 5 that "The higher the change in heat content, the higher the thermal discomfort during the cold application time" was accepted for between 10~60 and 75 minute of cold application. In conclusion, this study showed that in sponge bath at $28^{\circ}C$, 10~80 minute was a effective cold application time in the view of heat loss through the skin. Concerning the effects of evaporation and thermal discomfort, it was found that there was no difference with regard to the solutions; tepid water sponge bath; 20% alcohol sponge bath or 40% alcohol sponge bath at a $28^{\circ}C$ controlled solution temperature. So it was thought that the type of solution itself did not have a big influence on the heat loss through skin. The combined effect of sponge bath with an ice bag to the head showed a significant difference and also showed a slight increase in thermal discomfort. On the basis of this research it can be concluded that cold application, for example, an ice bag to the head during a tepid water sponge bath is a good method as it increase heat loss through conduction, although fit can also cause a slight increase in thermal discomfort. The correlation between changes in heat content and thermal discomfort were not high. So factors other than change in heat content are considered to have an effect on the cognition of thermal discomfort.

• 지역사회간호학회지
• /
• 제9권2호
• /
• pp.502-517
• /
• 1998

This research intends to survey family environment, health behavior and health status of the students in urban-rural elementary schools and analyze those factors comparatively, and use the result as basic material for school health teacher to teach health education in connection with family and regional areas. It also intends to improve a pupil's self-abilitiy in health care. The subjects involve 2,774 students of urban elementary schools and 583 student in rural ones, who were selected by means of a multi -stage probability sampling. Using the questionnaire and school documents, we collected data on family environment, health behavior and health status for 19 days. Feb. 2nd 1998 through Feb. 20th 1998. The R -form of Family Environment Scale (Moos, 1974) was used in the analysis of family environment(Cronbach's Alpha =0.80). Questionnaires of Health Behavior in School-aged children used by the WHO in Europe(Aaro et al., 1986) and the ones developed by the Health Promotion Committee of the Western Pacific(WHO, 1995)(adapted by long Young-suk and Moon Young-hee(1996)) were used in the analysis of health behavior, as well documents on absences due to sickness, school health room-visits, levels of physical strength, height, weight and degree of obesity were used to determine health status. In next step, We used them with an $X^2$-test, t-test, Odds Ratio, and a 95% Confidence Interval. 1. In two dimensions of three, family-relationship (t=3.41, p=0.001) and system -maintenances(t= 2.41, p=0.0l6) the mean score of urban children were significantly higher than those of rural ones. In the personal development dimension however, there was little significant difference. Assorting family environment into 10 sub-fields and analyzing them, we recognized that urban children were superior to rural children in the sub-fields of expressiveness (t =3.47, p=0.001), conflict (t=0.48, p=0.001), active-recreational orientation (t = 1.97, p=0.049) and organization (t=4.33, p=0.000). 2. Referring to the Odds Ratios of urban-rural children's health behaviors, urban children set up more desirable behavior than rural children wear ing safety belts (Odds Ratio =0.32, p=0.000), washing hands after meals(Odds Ratio = 0.43, p= 0.000), washing hands after excreting (Odds Ratio = 0.39, p=O.OOO), washing hands after coming - home ( Odds Ratio = 0.75, p = 0.003), brushing teeth before sleeping(Odds Ratio =0.45, p=0.000), brushing teeth more than once a day (Odds Ratio =0.73, p=0.0l2), drinking boiled water (Odds Ratio = 0.49, p=0.000), collecting garbage at home(Odds Ratio=0.31, p=0.000) and in the school(Odds Ratio =0. 67, p=0.000). All these led to significant differences. As to taking milk(Odds Ratio = 1.50, p=0.000), taking care of eyesight(Odds Ratio=1.41, p=0.001) and getting physical exercise in(Odds Ratio = 1.33, p=0.0l9) and outside the school(Odds Ratio = 1.32, p=0.005), rural children had more desirable behavior which also revealed a significant difference. There was little significant difference in smoking, but the smoking rate of rural children(5.5%) was larger than that of urban children(3.9%). 3. Health status was analyzed in terms of absences, school health room-visits, levels of physical strength, and the degree of obesity, height and weight. Considering Odds Ratios of the health status of urban-rural children, the health status of rural children was significantly better than that of the urban ones in the level of physical strength(t=1.51, p=0.000) and the degree of obesity(t=1.84, p=0.000). The mean height of urban children ($150.4{\pm}7.5cm$) is taller than that of their counterparts($149.5{\pm}7.9$), which revealed a significant difference (t =2.47, p=0.0l4). The mean weight of urban children($42.9{\pm}8.6kg$) is larger than that of their counterparts($41.8{\pm}9.0kg$), which was also a significant difference(t=2.81, p=0.005). Considering the results above, we can recognize that there are significant differences in family environment, health behavior, and health status in urban-rural children. These results also suggestion ideas for health education. What we would suggest for the health program of elementary schools is that school health teachers should play an active role in promoting the need and importance of health education, develop the appropriate programs which correspond to the regional characteristics, and incorporate them into schools to improve children's ability to manage their own health management.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.165-176
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 백개자 피내침(皮內鍼)이 여대생의 윌경곤란증에 미치는 효과를 규명하기 위하여 한의학의 경락학설(經絡學說)을 기반으로 한 단일군 전 후 실험설계(one-group pretest-posttest design)를 이용하였다. 자료수집기간은 2004년 1월부터 5월까지 이었으며, 대상자는 B시에 있는 D대학의 보건진료소에 월경곤란증으로 진통제 복용을 위해 방문하는 여대생 중 진통제를 복용하지 않고 본 연구에 참여하기로 동의하고, 현재 전신적 질환 이 없고 산부인과나 한의원 진료를 받지 않으며 피임약을 복용하지 않고 임신이 아닌 50명을 대상으로 하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 월경곤란증에 백개자 피내침으로 류치(留置)한 결과 실험 전 총 평균 $2.11{\pm}0.66$에서 실험 후 총 평균 $0.85{\pm}0.57$로 월경곤란증이 감소된 것으로 나타났다(t=12.777, p=0.000). 2. 백개자 자극과 진통제의 효과 비교에서 백개자 자극이 진통제보다 '진통효과 나타난 시간'은 빠르다가 78%, '진통효과'는 좋다가 84%, '진통효과의 지속시간'은 길다가 82%, '월경 불편감'은 덜하다가 86%로 나타났다. 3. 생리특성에 따른 월경곤란증의 차이는 초경시기에서 초등학교 군의 평균은 $1.90{\pm}0.62$, 중학교군의 평균은 $2.32{\pm}0.65$로 중학교 때 초경을 시작한 군에서 월경곤란증이 높게 나타났으며(t=-2.305, p=0.026), 월경곤란증의 형태에 따른 차이는 원발성의 평균은 $1.96{\pm}0.67$, 속 발성의 평균은 $2.60{\pm}0.33$으로 속발성 군에서 월경곤란증이 높은 것으로 나타났다(t=-3.149, P=0.003). 그 외 월경주기, 월경기간, 가족력 등은 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 삼음교, 음릉천, 신수혈의 백개자 피내침(皮內鍼)이 여대생의 월경곤란증을 효과적으로 감소시킴을 알 수 있고 시간과 비용 그리고 노력면에서 아주 효율적인 방법임이 확인 되었다.

• 기본간호학회지
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.267-282
• /
• 1997

This study was to test the relationship between regular physical exercise and physical fitness in nursing students. These subjects were 54 volunteers who agreed with intention of this study and were composed of 24 active group and 30 non-active group. The selected physical fitness tests were grip strength and back strength for measuring muscular strength, sargent jump and standing broad jump for measuring power, push-up, sit-up, and heart rate for measuring total endurance, reaction time and side step test for measuring agility, stick test and stork stand for measuring balance, and trunk flexion and trunk extension for measuring flexibility. The conclusion acquired was as follows : 1) Grip strength had significant difference between active group of $29.5{\pm}5.9kg$ and non-active group $25.4{\pm}7.2kg$(t=2.283, p=.027), and back strength between active group of $54.1{\pm}13.7kg$ and non-active group of $44.7{\pm}15.7kg$(t=2.310, p=.025), 2) Sargent jump was lower with non-active group($44.9{\pm}8.6cm$) than with active group($45.3{\pm}8.8cm$), however, was not significant(t=.182, p=.856). Standing broad jump was significantly lower with non-active group of $161.3{\pm}28.7cm$ than with active group of $191.4{\pm}27.0cm$(t=3.939, p=.000). 3) Push-up showed significant difference between active group of $25.3{\pm}12.3times$ and non-active group of $11.5{\pm}5.1times$(t=5.572, p=.000), and sit-up between active group of $21.8{\pm}7.4times$ and non-active group of $17.1{\pm}5.8times$(t=2.631, p=.011), and heart rate between actvie group of $110.5{\pm}12.8$beats/min and non-active group of $121.5{\pm}9.5$beats/min(t=-3.648, p=.001). 4) Reaction time was significantly higher with non-active group of $.300{\pm}.051sec$ than with active group of $.341{\pm}.041sec$(t=-3.285, p=.002). Side step test was lower with non-active group($8.8{\pm}1.1times$) than with active group($9.2{\pm}1.2times$), however, was not significant (t=1.309, p=.196). 5) Stick test showed not significant difference between active group of $25.8{\pm}14.8sec$ and non-active group of $30.7{\pm}17.9sec$(t=-1.058, p=.295), and stork stand between active group of $4.5{\pm}3.2sec$ and non-active group of $3.7{\pm}3.5sec$(t=.918, p=.363). 6) Trunk flexion came out not significant difference between active group of $14.2{\pm}5.0cm$ and non-active group of $15.8{\pm}7.3cm$(t=-.927, p=.358), and trunk extension between active group of $67.1{\pm}6.5cm$ and non-active group of $67.3{\pm}6.6cm$(t=-.140, p=.889). 7) Power was shown to be significantly related to total endurance(r=.717, p=.000 ; r-.739, p=.000). 8) Total endurance was shown to be significantly related to agility(r=-.752, p=.000 ; r=.684, p=.000 ; r=-.664, p=.000 ; r=.598, p=.002 ; r=.864, p=.000 ; r=-.536, p=.007). These results suggest that regular physical exercise is effective in promoting and maintaining physical fitness. As the further study, it is necessary to reinvestigate the effect with more refined design.