• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제43권
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• pp.173-208
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• 2008

본 연구는 2003년부터 2006년까지의 국내 전통미디어 기업집단들의 사업다각화 현황에 따른 기업성과에 대하여 실증 분석하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미디어 기업집단중, 신문사는 생존을 위해 다양한 영역으로부터 수익창출을 하려는 경향으로, 비관련 다각화의 비중이 높은 반면, 방송사는 고유의 사업영역인 콘텐츠의 제작과 공급을 중심으로 한관련 다각화의 비중이 높다. 둘째, 국내 미디어 기업들의 주력업종 매출비중은 해가 갈수록 감소되고 있어 다각화에 자원과 노력을 투입하고 있는 것으로 사료된다. 셋째, 조사 대상미디어 기업집단의 사업다각화 수준을 3개의 그룹으로 분류해본 결과, 다각화 수준이 가장높은 그룹에서 ROE가 가장 높았으며, ROE 변동성은 낮고, 위험대비 수익성 또한 높게 나타나 다각화를 적극적으로 진행하는 것이 안정적인 경영성과를 성취할 수 있었다. 넷째, 조사대상 미디어 기업들을 군집분석하고 몇 개의 조직속성 변수들과의 관계성을 살펴본 결과, 매출액 규모, 부채비율, 조직년수, 대주주 지분율에서 중간수준을 유지하고 ROE가 높은 군집에서 다각화 수준이 높았다. 다각화 수준과 조직속성 변수들로 인과분석을 해본결과, 미디어 기업집단의 다각화 수준에 영향을 미치는 조직속성으로는 매출액 규모가정의 방향으로, 대주주 지분율이 부의 방향으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 다각화 수준은 경영성과에 대해 정의 방향으로 의미 있게 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악되었다. 본 연구는 미디어 기업을 대상으로 하여 탐색적으로 수행되었는데, 지금까지 국내 미디어 기업의 경영성과에 대한 주제는 활발히 다루어지지 못했기 때문이다. 이에 선행연구가 부족하여 이론적 바탕에 기초하여 연구모델 및 가설을 수립하고 실증분석하는 연구방법을 선택하기보다는 조사대상 기업 경영지원 담당자들과의 수차례 인터뷰와 패널토론을 통하여 실무적인 관점의 주요 관심대상이 되는 경영지표들을 선정하고, 사업다각화와 경영성과 간의 관계를 각종 통계분석방법들을 이용하여 다각도로 조명하는 분석방법을 선택하였다. 본 연구는 수집된 자료가 최근 4개년에 한정되어 있고, 다각화와 경영성과 값 간의 시차를 두지 못한 한계를 가지고 있으므로 향후 연구에서는 미디어 기업의 특성을 보다 반영하여 미디어 기업 유형을 분류하거나, 다각화와 그에 따른 경영성과들 간의 시차도 반영한 연구들로 발전시켜야 한다.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.206-220
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• 2003

Purpose: this study was intended to search the relationship between perception of the infant temperament in mother of infant at the age of 1～12 months and maternal confidence and satisfaction in performing maternal role, and to submit a basic data to establish a nursing intervention program which is helpful for determination of infant development and performing maternal role promotion by identify variables associated with infant temperament. Method: The subjects of this study were 300 mothers of infant at the age of 1～12 months who visited well baby clinic in 4 hospitals in Busan city and Kyoung-Nam province. Final analysis was performed in 293 cases. Seven cases was excluded in this study because of its inappropriate data collection. The data was collected from 1st July to 15th August 2002. The questionaries which were fill-up by mother were collected. Infant temperament was measured by using the tool of 'what my baby is like'(WBL) which was developed by Priham et. al.(1994) and translated by Bang(1999). The scale of postpartum self evaluation which was developed by Lederman et al(1981) and translated by Lee(1992) was used for the confidence and satisfaction of maternal role. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS-PC for window, version 10.0: frequency, percentage, minimum, maximum, mean, SD, t-test, ANOVA, Post-hoc test(Scheffe's test), Pearson Correlation Coefficients. Result: The mean score of maternal perception of the infant temperament was 6.17±1.04, and mother recognized her infant as positive. The mean score of confidence of maternal role was 2.89± .41 and this revealed in an average level. The mean score of satisfaction of maternal role was 3.29± .51 and this revealed in a higher level. There was a weak significant positive correlation between the score of maternal perception of infant temperament and confidence of maternal role(r=0.176, P= .003), but there was no significant correlation between satisfaction of maternal role(P> .05). It revealed the more maternal perception of the infant temperament as positive, the higher confidence of maternal role. There was a moderate significant positive correlation between confidence of maternal role and satisfaction of maternal role(r=0.410, P= .000). It revealed the more confidence of maternal role, the higher satisfaction of maternal role. The variables related with the score of maternal perception of infant temperament were the type of delivery (t=-2.600, P= .010), experience of learning baby care(t=2.382, P= .018), maternal perception on baby's health status(F=3.467, P= .033), maternal perception on her health status(F=3.467, P= .027), baby's age(F=3.080, P= .028). Conclusion: Our result showed the confidence of maternal role was increased as the maternal perception of infant temperament was positive, and conformed that the confidence of maternal role was also related with satisfaction of maternal role. Prenatal education, type of delivery, baby's age were also related with the maternal perception of infant temperament. So, nursing intervention program of developmental stage maybe necessary in order to help maternal perception of infant temperament as positive, and it will be increased the confidence of maternal role and satisfaction of performing maternal role which was considered as real indicate of achievement of maternal role.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.169-177
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• 2002

목적 : 만성신부전은 신장에 병적 손상이 있어 지속적으로 신기능이 저하되어 말기신부전에 이르게 된다. 만성신부전의 진행을 지연시킬 수 있는 인자 중 혈압조절이 중요한 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 부분 신절제를 이용하여 만성신부전을 유발시킨 후 항고혈압제로 enalapril과 nicardipine을 투여하여 만성신부전의 진행에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 백서에서 5/6 신절제술로 만성신부전을 유발시킨 후 무작위로 대조군, enalapril 투여군(E군), nicardipine 투여군(N군)으로 나누어 4주 간격으로 꼬리 동맥압을 측정하고 12주째 24시간 소변 단백량과 creatinine배설량, 혈청 creatinine을 측정한 후 희생시켜 신조직을 광학현미경과 전자현미경으로 관찰하여 사구체의 형태학적 소견을 조사하였다. 결과 : 1. 신절제 후 대조군은 지속적으로 혈압이 증가하였으나 E군과 N군에서는 정상 혈압이 유지되었다. 2. 12주째 E군에서 요단백량은 대조군과 N군에 비하여 유의하게 적었다. 3. 12주째 조사한 신장의 형태계측학적 검사에서 E군과 N군 모두에서 mesangium의 증식이 대조군에 비하여 유의하게 적었으나 사구체 용적은 E군에서만 대조군에 비하여 적었다. 4. 대조군, E군, N군간의 상피세표 족돌기의 형태학적 변화의 차이는 없었다. 결론 : 부분 신절제로 유발한 만성신부전 백서에서 enalapril, nicardipine 모두 고혈압을 예방하였으나 enalpril 투여군에서 단백뇨의 감소와 신병변 발생 예방 효과가 우수하였으며, 상피세포 족돌기의 변화에는 차이가 없었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.10-39
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• 1987

Mortality rate and causes of death are regarded as an index of strength as well as level of development of a country. However, there is no accurate data for the causes of death in Korea due to lack of systematic vital data collection system. The objective of this study was to define the causes of death of the school teachers, its changing pattern, cause-specific mortality rate, and geographic variation. The study population included all of the teachers in primary school, middle and high schools, and college who joined in Korean Teachers' Union between 1968 and 1985 that provided a total of 1,972, 069 person-years to observe (1,384,911 man-years, 587,158 woman-years). There were 3,678 deaths in this period (3,377 males, 301 females). The most common cause of death was neoplasm which was followed by the diseases of circulatory system. The proportion of death of neoplasm was 1.5 times higher than that of the general population. Causes of death were classified into 5 major groups (neoplasm, diseases of circulatory system, accidents and poisoning, diseases of liver, and all others). The mortality rates of diseases of circulatory system and all others for general population were 4 to S times higher than those for the teachers. However, mortality rates of neoplasm and diseases of liver were only about 2 times higher than those for teachers. Mortality rate of liver cancer for teachers was higher than gastric cancer mortality rate which is the reverse in general population. The crude death rate was 2.12 per 1,000 person-years for male and 1.00 for female which is one-third of the crude death rate of general population. Crude death rate of study population was higher in rural area than in urban area. However, mortality rate of neoplasm for male was higher in urban area than in rural area while mortality rates of all other causes were higher in rural area. For female, mortality rates of neoplasm and diseases of circulatory system were higher in urban area and the rates for all other causes were higher in rural area. Crude death rate was lowest in Gyeongin area and highest in Yeongnam area. The mortality of neoplasm for male accounted the highest proportion of all death in Gyeongin, Chungcheong and Yeoungnam areas while the mortality of neoplasm and mortality of circulatory system accounted the same proportion in Jeonra area. For female, the mortality of disease of circulatory system accounted the highest proportion in Gyeongin and Yeoungnam and Jeonra areas. Proportion of death due to accidents and poisoning was high in Chungcheong area and death due to all other causes was high in Yeoungnam area. The most common cause of death for male by city and province was neoplasm in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gyeonggi, Chungnam, Chungbuk, Gyeongnam and Gyeongbuk. Diseases of circulatory system was the leading cause of death in the rest of city and provinces. The leading cause of death for female was diseases of circulatory system in Seoul, Incheon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, and Gyeongbuk, neoplasm in Busan, and accident and poisons in all other cities and provinces. The mortality rates of male were above 2 per 1,000 person-years in Jeju, Gyeongbuk, Gyeongnam, Daegu, and Chungbuk, and it was below 1.5/l,000 in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi. The mortality rate of female was above 1.2/1,000 person-years in Gyeongnam and Incheon while it was below 0.5/l,000 in Daegu, Geonggi Chungbuk and Jeju. The leading cause for male by school of employment was neoplasm in all levels of school with a remarkably higher rate in the professors of college. Leading cause of death for female was disease of circulatory system in primary schools, high schools and college but neoplasm in middle schools. There was no death due to liver diseases in middle and high school teachers and college professors and no death due to all other category in high school teachers and college professors, in females. High school teachers and the highest mortality rate and college professors showed the lowest mortality rate. Temporal trend of mortality was examined in three periods; period I ($1968{\sim}1974$), period II ($1975{\sim}1979$), and period III ($1980{\sim}1985$). The leading cause of death for male was diseases of circulatory system in period I and II but neoplasm in period III. Such trend of decreasing diseases of circulatory system and increasing neoplasm was observed in female. Overall mortality rate was decreased over the 3 periods. The mortality rates of diseases of circulatory system, liver disease and all others were decreased in male but the mortality rates of neoplasm and accident and posions was increased. Female showed a similar trend to male but the mortality rate of liver diseases was increased. Mortality rates of diseases of circulatory system, neoplasm and liver diseases increased with age of teachers up to 50 years of age but decreased in 60 years of age. Mean age at death due to each cause was higher in male than female by $4{\sim}10$ years. However, the mean age at death of the teachers was $2{\sim}5$ years lower than that of the general population in all causes of death and the sex difference in the mean a2e at death was smaller ($2{\sim}3$ years) in general population. In sex ratio of mortality, male was higher than female in almost all diseases except suicide and maintained a high ratio. The general population showed universally high ratio in male like teachers, and more or less did regular patterns in mortality with ratio smaller.

• 대한교통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한교통학회 1995년도 제27회 학술발표회
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• pp.3-32
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• 1995

The Highway Capacity Manual specifies procedures for evaluating intersection performance in terms of delay per vehicle. What is lacking in the current methodology is a comparable quantitative procedure for ass~ssing the safety-based level of service provided to motorists. The objective of the research described herein was to develop a computational procedure for evaluating the safety-based level of service of signalized intersections based on the relative hazard of alternative intersection designs and signal timing plans. Conflict opportunity models were developed for those crossing, diverging, and stopping maneuvers which are associated with left-turn and rear-end accidents. Safety¬based level-of-service criteria were then developed based on the distribution of conflict opportunities computed from the developed models. A case study evaluation of the level of service analysis methodology revealed that the developed safety-based criteria were not as sensitive to changes in prevailing traffic, roadway, and signal timing conditions as the traditional delay-based measure. However, the methodology did permit a quantitative assessment of the trade-off between delay reduction and safety improvement. The Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) specifies procedures for evaluating intersection performance in terms of a wide variety of prevailing conditions such as traffic composition, intersection geometry, traffic volumes, and signal timing (1). At the present time, however, performance is only measured in terms of delay per vehicle. This is a parameter which is widely accepted as a meaningful and useful indicator of the efficiency with which an intersection is serving traffic needs. What is lacking in the current methodology is a comparable quantitative procedure for assessing the safety-based level of service provided to motorists. For example, it is well¬known that the change from permissive to protected left-turn phasing can reduce left-turn accident frequency. However, the HCM only permits a quantitative assessment of the impact of this alternative phasing arrangement on vehicle delay. It is left to the engineer or planner to subjectively judge the level of safety benefits, and to evaluate the trade-off between the efficiency and safety consequences of the alternative phasing plans. Numerous examples of other geometric design and signal timing improvements could also be given. At present, the principal methods available to the practitioner for evaluating the relative safety at signalized intersections are: a) the application of engineering judgement, b) accident analyses, and c) traffic conflicts analysis. Reliance on engineering judgement has obvious limitations, especially when placed in the context of the elaborate HCM procedures for calculating delay. Accident analyses generally require some type of before-after comparison, either for the case study intersection or for a large set of similar intersections. In e.ither situation, there are problems associated with compensating for regression-to-the-mean phenomena (2), as well as obtaining an adequate sample size. Research has also pointed to potential bias caused by the way in which exposure to accidents is measured (3, 4). Because of the problems associated with traditional accident analyses, some have promoted the use of tqe traffic conflicts technique (5). However, this procedure also has shortcomings in that it.requires extensive field data collection and trained observers to identify the different types of conflicts occurring in the field. The objective of the research described herein was to develop a computational procedure for evaluating the safety-based level of service of signalized intersections that would be compatible and consistent with that presently found in the HCM for evaluating efficiency-based level of service as measured by delay per vehicle (6). The intent was not to develop a new set of accident prediction models, but to design a methodology to quantitatively predict the relative hazard of alternative intersection designs and signal timing plans.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제1호
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• pp.351-370
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• 1997

This study concerns possible measures to prevent separatists' terrorist acts against overseas Korean businessmen. Of late, many Korean enterprises are helping a number of foreign countries develop their economy, by building factories and manning regional offices in those countries. But recent development of terrorism especially against Korean businessmen is alarming. This report discusses the need for Korean enterprises heading overseas to prepare themselves with awareness of terrorism and possible protective measures against it, besides their routine pursuance of profits; and for the government and prospective enterprises to refrain from investing in those countries having active separatist movements. If an investment has become inevitable, a careful survey of the region in conflict should be conducted and self-protective measures should be put in place through security information exchange, emergency coordination and training of personnel, etc. This study will first review the past terrorist incidents involving employees of overseas Korean enterprises, and then will focuss on seeking effective measures on the basis of the reported incidents. In carrying out the study, related literature from both home and abroad have been used along with the preliminary materials reported and known on the Internet from recent incidents. 1. The separatist movements of minority groups Lately, minority separatist groups are increasingly resorting to terrorism to draw international attention with the political aim of gaining extended self rule or independence. 2. The state of terrorism against overseas Korean enterprises and Koreans Korean enterprises are now operating businesses, and having their own personnel stationed, in 85 countries including those in South East Asia and Middle East regions. In Sri Lanka, where a Korean enterprise recently became a target of terrorist bombing, there are 75 business firms from Korea and some 700 Korean employees are stationed as of August 1996. A total of 19 different terrorist incidents have taken place against Koreans abroad since 1990. 3. Terrorism preventive measures Terrorism preventive measures are discussed in two ways: measures by the government and by the enterprises. ${\blacktriangleleft}$ Measures by the government - Possible measures at governmental level can include collection and dissemination of terrorist activity information. Emphasis should be given to the information on North Korean activities in particular. ${\blacktriangleleft}$ Measures by individual enterprises - Organizational security plan must be established by individual enterprises and there should also be an increase of security budget. A reason for reluctant effort toward positive security plan is the perception that the security budget is not immediately linked to an increment of profit gain. Ensuring safety for overseas personnel is a fundamental obligation of an enterprise. Consultation and information exchange on security plan, and an emergency support system at a threat to security must be sought after and implemented. 4. Conclusion Today's terrorism varies widely depending on reasons and causes, and its means has become increasingly informationalized and scientific as well while its method is becoming more clandestine and violent. Terrorist organizations are increasingly aiming at enterprises for acquisition of budgets needed for their activities. Korean enterprises have extended their business realm to foreign countries since 1970, exposing themselves to terrorism. Enterprises and their employees, therefore, should establish their own security measures on the one hand while the government must provide general measures, on the other, for the protection of the life and property of Korean residents abroad from terrorist attacks. In this regard, set-up of a counter terrorist organization that coordinates the efforts of government authorities in various levels in planning and executing counter terrorist measures is desired. Since 1965, when the hostile North Korea began to step up its terrorist activities against South Koreans, there have been 7 different occasions of assassination attempt on South Korean presidents and some 500 cases of various kidnappings and attempted kidnappings. North Korea, nervous over the continued economic growth and social stabilization of South Korea, is now concentrating its efforts in the destruction and deterioration of the national power of South Korea for its earlier realization of reunification by force. The possibility of North Korean terrorism can be divided into external terrorist acts and internal terrorist acts depending on the nationality of the terrorists it uses. The external terrorist acts include those committed directly by North Korean agents in South Korea and abroad and those committed by dissident Koreans, hired Korean residents, or international professionals or independent international terrorists bought or instigated by North Korea. To protect the life and property of Korean enterprises and their employees abroad from the threat of terrorism, the government's administrative support and the organizational efforts of enterprises should necessarily be directed toward the planning of proper security measures and training of employees. Also, proper actions should be taken against possible terrorist acts toward Korean business employees abroad as long as there are ongoing hostilities from minority groups against their governments.

• 한국어류학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.168-178
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• 2010

2006년 2월부터 10월까지 남해 거문도 연안의 암반초와 비 암반 정점의 어류 종조성을 비교 분석하였다. 어류자료는 밤에는 삼중자망으로 수집하였고, 낮에는 스쿠버 잠수관찰로 수집하였다. 조사기간 동안 세 정점에서 삼중자망에는 총 40종, 380마리, 71,426.9 g의 어류가 채집되었다. 어획된 어종 가운데 전갱이가 최우점하였으며, 그 외 홍어, 노랑가오리, 쥐치, 전기가오리, 참돔, 볼락, 꼬치고기 등이 많이 채집되었다. 암반 초 정점에서는 26종, 264마리, 46,776.7 g의 어류가 채집되었고, 우점종은 전갱이이었다. 다음으로 비 암반 정점 1에서는 17종, 45마리, 10,535.1 g의 어류가, 비 암반 정점 2에서는 19종, 71 마리, 14,115.1 g의 어류가 채집되었다. 스쿠버 다이빙에 의한 3정점 잠수조사에서는 13종, 1,749마리의 어류가 관찰되었다. 주로 관찰된 어종은 자리돔이며, 기타 범돔, 쥐치, 망상어, 육동가리돔, 뱅에돔, 용치놀래기, 노래미, 쥐돔, 볼락, 혹돔 등이 관찰되었다. 암반초에서 어류의 풍도는 어종수 7종, 개체수 1,739마리이며, 이는 전체의 99.4%를 차지하는 것이다. 거문도 해역에서 어류군집은 많은 암초성 어류들을 포함하고 있었지만, 전갱이, 고등어 같은 회유성 어종들도 다량 포함하고 있었다. 또한 암반초에서 어류의 풍도는 다른 비암반 정점들에 비해 높았으며, 암초성 어종이 대부분을 차지하였지만 낮과 밤 간에 우점종은 차이가 있었다. 결과적으로, 거문도 해 역의 높은 어류 풍도는 암반초와 같은 물리적 구조물과 관련이 있었으며, 이는 암반초지역이 많은 어류에게 주요 서식처의 하나가 될 수 있음을 시사하는 것이다.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.505-513
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• 2009

Streptococcus mutans는 Mutans streptococci 그룹에 속하는 치아우식 유발균으로 알려져 있다. 국내 자생쑥 종의 추출물이 이러한 치아우식을 유발하는 Streptococcus mutans균에 대해 활성 억제 효과가 있다는 것이 표준균주를 이용한 실험에서 밝혀져 있으며, 본 연구에서는 환자에서 분리된 S. mutans를 중심으로 쑥의 항균 효과를 알아보았다. 네 가지 임상 분리균주; Ch, L1, L2, P와 네 가지 표준균주: KCTC (Korean Culture for Type Collection) 3298, KCTC 3605 (ATCC 25175), KCTC 3306, Streptococcus mutans GS5를 이용하여 세 가지 종류의 쑥; 참쑥(Artemisia lavandulaefolia DC), 비쑥(Artemisia scoparia), 사철쑥(Artemisia capillaries)의 효능을 검증하였다. 항균활성은 세 가지 종류의 쑥 추출물의 Streptococcus mutans에 대한 최소 억제농도(MIC)와 최소살균농도(MBC), time-kill studies를 통해 알아보았다. 최소억제농도는 표준균주에 대해 각각 참쑥이 0.8 ug/mL, 비쑥이 0.8-1.6 ug/mL, 사철쑥이 0.2-25.6 ug/mL이 었으며, 분리된 균주에 대해서는 참쑥이 0.4-0.8 ug/mL, 비쑥이 0.4-0.8 ug/mL, 사철쑥 1.6-6.4 ug/mL이었다. 최소살균농도는 표준균주에 대해서 참쑥이 1.6-6.4 ug/mL, 비쑥이 6.4-12.8 ug/mL이였다. 분리균주에 대해서는 참쑥이 0.8-3.2 ug/mL, 비쑥이 0.8-3.2 ug/mL, 사철쑥은 6.4-12.8 ug/mL이었다. Time-kill assay에서 KCTC 3298이 4 hrs에 100% 살균되었으며, GS5도 거의 100% 살균되었고 L1과 L2 P는 0.5 hrs에 99.90% 살균되었다. 0.5 hrs에 KCTC 3298와 GS5는 99.99% 이상 살균되었고, 모든 균주들이 2.5 hrs에 99.99% 살균되었다. 전체적인 실험 결과 세 가지 종류의 쑥은 표준 균주 및 네 가지 분리 균주 모두에서 항균 효과가 있음을 확인하였다.

• 복식
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• 제32권
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• pp.293-312
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• 1997

Deconstructionism is a philosophical stream in the latter half of 20'th century which goes against western metaphysics and tries to deconstruct the dualism e.g. eastern/west-ern man/woman. Its main concepts are 'indi-vidual' 'other' 'difference' 'restoration of the repressed' 'decentralization' 'Today it shows strong influences in literature art, and other social fields. This study investigated inner meanings and exterior forms represented in clothing on the base of Jacques Derrida's theory in order to re-search modes of deconstruction in is. And it compared clothing with architecture among other genres of art in order to discover similarities between through and modes of art in a certain period. For illuminating concept of deconstruction I referred to the literatures of preceding studies and for deconstruction's characteristics in both clothing and architec-ture I referred work's collection book $\ulcorner$collec-tions$\lrcorner$ and other related books dealing from 1960's to this point. As a rsult there are four modes of decons-truction in both clothing and architecture as follows; 1) Differenance which is a concept of the dif-ference in time and space as being trace. 2) In termeaning of meanings which is not present in reality but re-interpreted a new in the future. 3) Interxtuality in which a texte is not alone but with others 4) Dis.De phenomenon in which distortion and fragmentation forms occur as the result of the denial of perfection and reson. There are characteristics of modes of de-construction in clothing as follows; 1) Differance; R.Gigli, P. Rabanne. G.Bersace, V.Westwood are representatives of the cloth-ing which is combined with the past the pres-ent and the future or is re-viewed as the clothing of the past in the present point of view. J. Watanabe R. Dawakubo I miyake are representatives of the clothing which is out-date but re-viewed in the sense of recollec-tion and re-usage. 2) Intermeaning of meanings: R. kawakubo I, Miyake Y,Yamamoto are representatives of the clothing which is incomplete but re-interpreted in the future and appears to be new-fashioned according to ways of bnding wearing throwing on and tying J.C. Castel-bajac K.Hamnett S.Sprouse are representa-tives of the clothing which is made up of ab -stract forms scribbling or symbolic letters which appears to be different according to view-point of observers. 3) Intertextuality ;J.P.Gaultier K.Hamnett, Comme des Gar ons are representatives of intertextuality of gender which avoids the 여-ality of man/woman J.P Gaultier G,Versace J. galliano are representatives of the intertex-tuality of time place and occasion which mixes temporality extensity and purposiveness. J.P Gaultier G,Versace are representatives of the intertextuality of coordination which combines items different in image purpose and use. P.Rabanne A,Courr ges R,Gernreic I,Miyake are representatives of the intertextuality of mat-ter which uses heterogeneous matter different from cloth. 4) Dis.De-phenomenon: R, Kawakubo I.Mi-yake J.P.Gaultier are representatives of the de-composition which discloses distortion and exag-geration of form through destructing the estab-lished way of construction J.Galliano R.Kawa-kubo Devota Y Lomba arte representatives of the decentring which restores the repressed and the alienated on the one hane and shows front-centrality on the other. Comme des Gar ones is representative of the discontinuity because of which right and left up and down are not in har-mony with one another. J,Galliano J.P,Gaultier T,Mugler are representatives of the disruption by way of which one makes one's body exposed through intentional slashes or holes. As a consequence deconstructionism enabled us to investigate similarities between through of deconstruction and modes of art interms of diffrance Intermeaning of meanings intertextuality and Dis De-phenomenon. And we found that deconstruction was a phase of development in that it as a all-comprising and multiple concept tries to pursue the new through deconstruction.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1114-1119
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• 2012

돼지 정액의 세균오염은 정자활력 감소나 수태율 저하 등을 유발하는데, 특히 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia는 자연환경에 널리 존재하여 비위생적으로 채취된 정액에 많이 오염될 뿐 아니라 사람에게도 병원성을 일으킨다. 본 연구에서는 S. maltophilia의 검사 시간 단축과 정확도를 높이고자 PCR 기법을 개발하였으며, 돼지 원정액에서 이들 세균의 오염율을 조사하고 유효 항생제를 선발하고자 하였다. 돼지 원정액에서 분리 빈도가 높은 18 균종을 대상으로 PCR을 적용한 결과, S. maltophilia에서만 445 bp의 특이 유전자 증폭산물이 확인되었다. 또한 순수 배양된 S. maltophilia는 $1.5{\times}10^3$ CFU/ml까지, 원정액에 혼합된 S. maltophilia에 대해서는 $1.5{\times}10^4$ CFU/ml까지 검출이 가능하였다. 2009년에 116건과 2011년 324건 등 총 440건의 원정액 중 26건(5.9%)에서 S. maltophilia가 분리되었으며, 여름과 가을철에 오염율이 상대적으로 높게 나타났다. 균분리법과 PCR간의 일치율은 98.9%, kappa value는 0.906이었으며, PCR의 민감도와 특이도는 각각 100%, 98.7%로 나타났다. 분리균주의 항생제 감수성 시험 결과, enrofloxacin (100%)과 florfenicol (92.3%)에 높은 감수성을 보였으나 amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, apramycin, ceftiofur, penicillin, spectinomycin에는 내성율이 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 개발된 PCR기법은 민감도, 특이도, 일치율이 높아 균분리법을 보조하고 신속 정확하게 정액 내 오염세균을 확인할 수 있어 효율적인 정액관리가 가능할 것으로 기대된다.