• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.225-234
• /
• 1997

Vincristine, a kind of anticancerous drugs, interferes with development of microtubles and synthesis of nucleic acid and proteins in cells, and destructs cytoplasmic membrane so that mitosis of cancer cells is inhibited. Unfortunately these anticancerous effects by vioneristime are not limited to specific cancer cells, so several side effects are produced. This study was performed to explore the effects of vincristine on the fine structure of cytoplasmic organelles and cartilagenous matrix in proximal epiphyseal plate of the tibia in rat. The results were as follows: 1. Cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) were fragmented and sacculated, and membrane-bound ribocomes of RER were detached at 3 and 6 hours after vincristine treatment. Severely dilated, fagmented and sacculated cisternae of RER were found at 12 hours after vincristine treatment, and at 24 hours after vincristine treatment a few cisternae were framented and sacculated. At 72 hours after vincristine treatment cisternae of RER were parallely well arraged. 2. Golgi complex was atrophied at 3, 6, and 12 hours after vincristine treatment, while at 72 hours after vincristine treatment the cisternae of Golgi complex were made of 5-6 layers. 3. Mitochondria with disorganized mitochondrial cristae and outer membrane-losed mitochondria were found at 3 hours after vincristine treatment. At 6 and 12 hours after vincristine treatment mitochondria had possessed disorganized cristae, and a few mitochondria with disorganized cristae were. observed at 24 hours after vincristine treatment. While at 72 hours after vincristine treatment mitochondria were shown distinct cristae and double membranes. 4. Phagosome were begun to observe at 3 hourse after vincristine treatment, and at 24 hourse after vincristine treatment many phagosomes were found, while at 72 hours after vincristine treatment a few phagosomes were observed. 5. In the cartilagenous matrix large-sized matrix granules were decreased and collagen fibrils were dispersed at 3, 6, and 12 hours after vincristine treatment, while at 72 hours after vincristine treatment many large-sized matrix granules and numerous matrix it is suggested that although vincristine may induce the degenerative changes of the chondrocyte, resulting in changes of components of the cartilagenous matirx, these toxic effects may be regressed with time.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.8
• /
• pp.5336-5342
• /
• 2015

Although demand for scar treatment has been rising as our quality of life is improved, most scar treatment products rely on importation. Enkephalin is one of the neuropeptides secreted from neuronal ends. As both skin and neuron are derived from the exoderm during the development process, skin cells express opioid receptors as neuronal cells do. Opioid receptors are categorized into three types, mu(m)-, delta(d)-, and kappa(k)- opioid receptors, all of which are directly involved in the wound healing process. In this study, enkephalin derivatives are synthesized by Alanin Scan and their efficacy was evaluated and compared. In vitro wound healing effects, stimulatory effects of collagen synthesis, and skin hydration effects were also evaluated and confirmed. Among Enkephalin derivatives, AS13 showed highest wound healing effect.

• Applied Microscopy
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2004

The wound healing is very complex biological processing including inflammatory, reepithelialization and matrix construction. According to the biological systematic category, the ability of the healing is very different. Generally healing ability of the lower animal group has been known more excellent compared to its higher group. Therefore, lower animals have been used as the experimental model to explore the mechanism of the wound healing or repair. To verify histochemical characteristics of the wound healing, we have used skin of the frog (Bombina orientalis) as known common amphibian. At day 1, 10, and 16, the mucous substance was very actively synthesized and strong positive by PAS and Alcian blue (pH 2.5). Day 10 after wounding, margin of the wound was gradually strong positive by PTAH staining for detection of collagen synthesis. At 3 to 6 hour and day 23 to 27, we have found the cell division was active through the MG-P staining, in which the concentration and division of DNA in nucleus was green to deep blue color.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.297-305
• /
• 2014

Red ginseng (RG) contains specific ginsenosides (Rg2, Rg3) which show various pharmacological effects and absorption rate in the body better than panax ginseng. Therefore many people have been used it for health for a long time. Furthermore, many researchers have been studying its biological activities for a long times because fermentation generates lots of beneficial small molecules good for health. In this study, we fermented red ginseng with mycelium of Leatiporus sulphures var. miniatus for 7 days. As a result, we found that three ginsenosides Rg1, Re and Rb2 were decreased from 0.24, 0.25, 0.16 mg/g to 0.12, 0.1, 0.03 mg/g respectively HPLC analysis. In addition, we studied biological activities of fermented red ginseng (FRG) about skin ageing such as anti-inflammation, cell migration, anti-oxidation, collagen type 1 synthesis, and MMP-1 inhibition activities. As a result, FRG were shown higher anti-inflammatory and cell migration promoting activities than RG. FRG inhibited production of nitric oxide (NO) and mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and decreased interleukin (IL)-6 induced by LPS stimulation in RAW 264.7 cells. In conclusion, this study suggest that FRG could be a potential source as a new natural anti-inflammatory agent.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.69-77
• /
• 2006

Background : Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are present in most of the tissue matrix, taking part in their regeneration when injury or damage occurs. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of cells with pluripotential characteristics in human subchondral bone and the capacity of these cells to differentiate to osteoblast. Methods : Human subchondral bone were digested with collagenase. Isolated cells were cultured with a-MEM, 15% FBS, 10-8M dexamethasone and 50 ng/mL ascoric acid. Cells from 0 day(isolated cells), 7 day (first subculture) and 14 days (third subculture) were used to carry out phenotypic characterization experiments flowcytometry analysis with 11 monoclonal antibodies) and osteogenic differentiation experiments. Osteogenic differentiation of cells was assessment by quantification of bone extracellular matrix components by following analysis: alkaline phosphatase(ALP) stains to detect ALP activity, RT-PCR and western blot to detect osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) and type I collagen(Col I), and Alizarin red stains to detect calcium deposition. Results : Flowcytometry analyses showed that in our population more than 98% of cells were positive for MSC markers: SH-2(CD105, 99%), CD29 (95%), CD73 (95%). Cells were negative for hematopoietic markers (CD11b, CD34, and CD45). Furthermore, cells showed positive stain to multipotent markers such as CDl17 (c-kit) (15.1%), and CD166 (74.9%), and cell adhesion molecules such as CD54 (78.1%) and CD106 (63.5%). The osteogenic specific marker analyses showed that the culture of these cells for 7 and 14 days stimulates ALP, OCN, OPN and Col I synthesis by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. Also, after 14 days in the culture of MSCs induces mineralization by Arizarin red stain. Conclusion : In this work, we demonstrated a new and efficient method for osteoblastic differentiation of human subchondral bone stem cells. As MSCs takes part in reparative processes of adult tissues, these cells could play an important role in osteogenesis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.461-474
• /
• 2005

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is the regeneration of periodontal tissue and the repair of function. For more than a decade there have been many efforts to develop materials and methods of treatment to promote periodontal tissue regeneration. Recently many efforts are concentrated on the regeneration potential of material used in traditional medicine. Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.) seed extract(SSE) have long clinically used in Korea to promote bone formation and prevent osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of SSE on bone formation in human osteoblastic cell line. Human fetal osteoblastic cell line(hFOB 1.19) was cultured with DMEM and SSE($1{\mu}g/ml$, $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, $1mg/ml$) at $34^{\cdot}C$ with 5% $CO_2$ in 100% humidity. The proliferation, differentiation of the cell was evaluated by several experiments. Cell proliferation was significantly increased at $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE after 3 and 7 days incubation(p<0.05). Cell spreading assay was significantly increased at $100{\mu}g/ml$ of SSE after 3 days and $1{\mu}g/ml$, $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE after 7 days(p<0.05). Alkaline Phosphatase(ALP) level was significantly increased in $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE(p<0.05). Collagen synthesis was significantly increased at $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$, 1mg/ml of SSE(p<0.05). A quantified calcium accumulation was significantly increased at $10{\mu}g/ml$, $100{\mu}g/ml$ of SSE(p<0.05). ALP and osteocalcin mRNA was expressed in $100{\mu}g/ml$ of SSE by RT-PCR. These results indicate that SSE are capable of increasing osteoblasts mineralization and may play an important role in bone formation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.149-158
• /
• 2013

L-ascorbic acid, the representative antioxidants, has a great effect on skin whitening, collagen synthesis, and anti-aging, but has low oxidative stability during storage. Therefore, in this study, thermal and oxidation properties of L-ascorbic acid under various storage conditions (powder, aqueous phase, changes of temperature, UV-irradiation, and inflow of external air etc.) were investigated. And the storage stability of ingredient was validated in the double-spaced pouch by analysing oxidation properties under each storage conditions (powder phase and blended with essence). In oder to analyze the thermal properties, TGA, DSC, and FT-IR analysis were carried out and UV-visible spectrophotometer & redox titration were used in parallel for oxidation property analyses. From the result of experiment, L-ascorbic acid was oxidized fast when it contained lots of metallic ion, hydroxy ion in aqueous solution under high temperature, UV-irradiation & inflow external air, whereas it was not oxidized for a long time when it was stored as pure powder although it has same condition as heating up, UV-irradiation & inflow external air. Based on this result, retention period of cosmetics which is using L-ascorbic acid, less stable material in oxidation can be innovatively increased when using double-spaced pouch that is designed and produced for separating storage of active ingredients.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.233-237
• /
• 2006

In the present study, we compared the functional analysis of pear extracts cultured in conventional and environment-friendly conditions in primary cultured rat hepatocytes. ATP synthesis significantly increased by the treatment with environment friendly cultured pear powder but not by conventional group. In addition, cell proliferation using $[^3H]$-thymidine incorporation was also stimulated by environment-friendly cultured pear extract compared to conventional group. Moreover, the expressions of CDK-2 and CDK-4 were increased but p21WAF1/Cip1 and p27 Kip1 decreased by environment-friendly cultured pear extract but not by conventional group. In conclusion, environment-friendly cultured pear powder has stimulatory effect on cell proliferation compared to conventional group in primary cultured rat hepatocytes.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.173-181
• /
• 2016

Skin basement membrane (BM) is a specialized structure that binds dermis and epidermis of the skin and plays an important role in maintaining skin structure. Structural change and destruction of BM is reported to appear due to UV exposure and aging, which may contribute to skin aging including wrinkle formation and a decrease in elasticity of the skin. One of the key components of the BM is laminin-332 (LN-332), and is a major contributor to epidermal-dermal attachment. In this study, we elucidated the effects of Meladrium firmum hexane fraction (MFHF) on LN-332 expression in HaCaT, a human keratinocyte cell line. Quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and immunoblot analysis revealed that MFHF induced upregulation of LN-332 gene and protein expression. Next, cells were treated with p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB202190) prior to MFHF treatment to analyze the signaling pathway contributing to LN-332 expression. The mRNA and protein levels of LN-332 expression were suppressed completely by pretreatment with p38 MAPK inhibitor. Furthermore, MFHF also increased the mRNA level of collagen type VII and integrin ${\alpha}6$ of skin BM component. These results collectively suggest that MFHF may have potential as an effective agent to stimulate the synthesis of BM components, and could be used to improve phenomenon of skin aging ascribed to the structural and functional impairments of BM in aged human skin.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.3
• /
• pp.225-231
• /
• 2008

It is known that Spirulina extracts have strong antioxidant activities since it contains diverse antioxidants such as phycocyanian, ${\beta}$-carotene, vitamin E and other carotenoids. In order to enhance antioxidant activity of Spirulina, Spirulina extracts were fermented by Lactobacillus plantarum P23 and Bacillus subtilis TP6. The resulting fermented supernatants were analyzed for their antioxidant activities by DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydiazyl) method. The results indicated that fermentation process significantly enhanced total antioxidant activities. Increased levels of UV-induced TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6 were reduced back to normal level even by treatment of all three of the Spirulina extracts. The result suggested that the fermentation process enhanced the anti-inflammatory activities at least ten times higher than the simple extract. Zymography is used to determine the expression of UV-induced MMP. Spirulina extracts fermented by Bacillus subtilis TP6 were found to suppressed the expression of MMPs. Also treatment with the fermented Spirulina extracts resulted in an increase of collagen synthesis in vitro. In conclusion, the fermented Spirulina extracts are expected to be used as anti-aging cosmeceuticals.