• KIEAE Journal
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2005

Every site has a different given geometrical and climatic condition, which influenced not only the lifestyle of the humanbeings but also the regional architecture. For example, on a cold region, the reduction of the energy loss is necessary, like an igloo, which has a littlest energy loss at hemisphere. Or on a warm region, the house must be protected thermally from the overheating at the sunshining. like a huge shading. An architectural interpretation in the (extreme) moderate climate, like Korea, has always tried to satisfy the both opposite demands simultaneously. A facade, which divides out- and inside, has an ideal position to lead the regulated regional climatic conditions into the room. The Double Facade System(DFS) is well known as an innovative solution in the european countries, like Germany. It provides an reasonable alternative, which can achieve these goals at the same time. A Double Facade System provides an effective sunshade, which means a cooling energy reduction at the warm season. In addition, it enables a natural ventilation at the cold season with the preheating at the system as well as spring and autumn. An ordinary Single Facade System with a inside or outside sun blind provides a solution just for a specified season, like a summer or winter. But the Double Facade System can deal with the various climatic conditions in the moderate climate.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2017

본 연구는 기상자료를 토대로 우리나라 각 지역별 한중 콘크리트 적용기간을 KCI 및 AIJ 규정에 의한 방법으로 각각 산정하고 초기동해 위험일을 각 지역 및 온도 단계별로 제안하고자 하였다. 한중 콘크리트 적용기간의 경우 최근 5년간의 기상자료를 토대로 조사한 결과와 종전의 연구결과를 비교하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 국내 91개 지역의 한중 콘크리트 적용기간은 평균 98일로 조사되었고, 고위도 지역일수록, 산악 및 내륙지역일수록 적용기간은 증가되는 것으로 나타났으며, 종전 연구 대비 본 연구의 적용기간이 1~2일 정도 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 지구온난화, 도시화 등의 영향으로 판단된다. 초기동해 위험일의 경우 $-5^{\circ}C$, $-2^{\circ}C$ 및 $0^{\circ}C$ 단계별로 시작일 및 종료일을 제시하였으며, 이를 토대로 $0^{\circ}C$ 이하 출현일 수, 출현일 및 평균 추위도를 제시하였다. 본 연구 범위에서 제시된 초기동해 위험일은 KCI에 의한 한중콘크리트 적용기간보다 길게 나타난 지역이 다수 존재하여 한중콘크리트 적용기간 이외에도 초기동해 위험이 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2024

Climate change has a broad impact on the entire water environment, and this impact is growing. Climate adaptation in water supply systems often involves quantity and quality control, but there has been a lack of research examining the impacts of climatic factors on water supply productivity and operation conditions. Therefore, the present study focused on, first, building a database of climatic factors and water purification operating conditions, and then identifying the correlations between factors to reveal their impacts. News big data was analyzed with keywords of climatic factors and water supply systems in either nationwide or region-wide analyses. Metropolitan area exhibited more issues with cold waves whereas there were more issues with drought in the Southern Chungcheong area. A survey was conducted to seek experts' opinions on the climatic impacts leading to these effects. Pre-chlorination due to drought, high-turbidity of intake water due to rainfall, an increase of toxins in intake water due to heat waves, and low water temperature due to cold waves were expected. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted based on meteorological data and the operating data of a water purification plant. Heavy rain resulted in 13 days of high turbidity, and the subsequent low turbidity conditions required 3 days of high coagulant dosage. This insight is expected to help inform the design of operation manuals for waterworks in response to climate change.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 1992

한국반도와 중국은 황해(서해)를 둘러싸고 있으므로 황해를 중앙에 두고 동쪽에는 한국반도, 서쪽과 북쪽에는 중국이 위치하고 있다. 따라서 황해는 남쪽으로 터져 있는 반 폐쇠적인 바다이며 해양학적으로 특유의 바다이다. 즉 semi-enclosed epicontinental sea(반폐쇠적 대륙붕 바다)이며 주위의 육지로부터 상당한 쇄설물질을 받아들이는 바다로서, 현재의 지구의 여러가지 해양환경 조건중에서도 대단히 특이한 특성을 가진 바다이다. 황해는 평균 수심이 약 45m 이며 고유 냉수괴를 바다중심에 갖고 있고 한국반도쪽의 해안과 중국쪽의 해안에 각각 다른 해류가 흐르고 있다. 황해 해저의 지형과 황해를 둘러싼 육지의 해안 지형의 효과에 의하여 한국반도의 연근해역은 대단히 큰 조차(tidal range)를 나타내고 있고 이것이 또한 황해 연안 해양환경의 특징을 이룬다. 지난 수천년 동안의 황해권 또는 황해연안 지역의 환경과 문화를 해석하고 공부하는데는 과학적인 해양학측면의 황해해역 해양특성을 알아야 할 것이며 바다를 통한 문화와 경제의 교류는 바다의 영향을 대단히 크게 받았을 것으로 사료된다. 현재의 해수면 위치 즉, 해안선이 현재의 자리를 잡고 "황해"라는 바다가 오늘의 모습을 갖추는데는 약 15,000년의 시간이 필요했고 이때는 제4기 (Quaternary)의 마지막 빙하기 (예컨데 Wisconsin 빙하기 또는 Wurm 빙하기)이후 부터의 간빙기 (interglacial)인 것이다.ial)인 것이다.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제18권2호통권23호
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• pp.103-104
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• 2004

This paper discuss some results of observed changes of meteorological elements as temperature, precipitation and some extreme indexes in Mongolia. Mongolia is one of the largest landlocked countries in the world. The climate is characterized by a long lasting cold winter, dry and hot summer, low precipitation, high temperature fluctuation and relatively high number of sunny days per year. During last 60 years the annual mean air temperature has risen $1.66^{\circ}C$. Intensive warming of > $2^{\circ}C$ was observed at higher altitudes of high mountains when warming of < $1^{\circ}C$ was observed the Domod steppe and the Gobi Desert. Heat Wave Duration have statistically significant risen trend with increaded number of days by 8-18 at significance level of 95-99.9% depending on geography and Cold Wave Duration have shortened by 13.3 days significance level of 95-99%. In general, by the amount of precipitation, Mongolia falls in semi-arid and arid region. It is 300-350 mm in the high mountain regions while it is only 50-150 mm in Gobi Desert regions. The changes of annual precipitation have very localized character i.e.decreasing at one site and increasing at a sit nearby. Annual precipitation decreased by 30-90 mm in the northern-central region and increased by 2-60 mm in the western and eastern region. The magnitude of alteration changes in precipitation regardless increasing or decreasing is 5-25%. A trends, significant at the level of 90%, found where changes are more than 40 mm or more than 15% of annual mean value. Moreover, the soil moisture resources was decreased in the last 40 years. Specially, moisture contents of the top soil have decreased 2 times(N. Natsagsuren, 2002). Months of June and July in Mongolia is the year that moisture is not inhibiting vegetation growth. Unfortunately, its also found that moisture in this time tends to decrease. Increased temperature, decreased precipitation and soil moisture are most likely resulted in occurences of more intense drought spells that have taken place during the recent years. Intimately, these changes have considerable impact on livestock in Mongolia.

• 대기
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2007

Future climate changes over East Asia are projected by anthropogenic forcing of greenhouse gases and aerosols using ECHO-G/S (ECHAM4/HOPE-G). Climate simulation in the 21st century is conducted with three standard SRES scenarios (A1B, B1, and A2) and the model performance is assessed by the 20th Century (20C3M) experiment. From the present climate simulation (20C3M), the model reproduced reliable climate state in the most fields, however, cold bias in temperature and dry bias of summer in precipitation occurred. The intercomparison among models using Taylor diagram indicates that ECHO-G/S exhibits smaller mean bias and higher pattern correlation than other nine AOGCMs. Based on SRES scenarios, East Asia will experience warmer and wetter climate in the coming 21st century. Changes of geographical patterns from the present to the future are considerably similar through all the scenarios except for the magnitude difference. The temperature in winter and precipitation in summer show remarkable increase. In spite of the large uncertainty in simulating precipitation by regional scale, we found that the summer (winter) precipitation at eastern coast (north of $40^{\circ}N$) of East Asia has significantly increased. In the 21st century, the warming over the continents of East Asia showed much more increase than that over the ocean. Hence, more enhanced (weakened) land-sea thermal contrast over East Asia in summer (winter) will cause strong (weak) monsoon. In summer, the low pressure located in East Asia becomes deeper and the moisture from the south or southeast is transported more into the land. These result in increasing precipitation amount over East Asia, especially at the coastal region. In winter, the increase (decrease) of precipitation is accompanied by strengthening (weakening) of baroclinicity over the land (sea) of East Asia.

• 대기
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2016

Climate Analysis Seoul (CAS) which provides gridded data relevant for thermal assessment was applied to one of the urban green areas, the Seonjeongneung, in Seoul, Korea. The thermal environment in the Seonjeongneung was evaluated from the CAS simulation for the five heat-wave issued cases during the last five years (2011~2015). The CAS has been improved continuously since it was developed. An updated version with a higher resolution of the CAS simulation domain and an addition of the vegetation information was used in this study. The influence of vegetation in the Seonjeongneung is estimated through the amount of the cold air generation ($Q_{ca}$) and air temperature deviation at each grid points, which are calculated by incorporating Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis on the simulation domain and meteorological analysis with the METeorology and atmospheric PHOtochemistry mesoscale MODel (MetPhoMod) in the CAS. The average amount of the cold air generation ($Q_{ca}$) at the Seonjeongneung is about $25.5m^3m^{-2}h^{-1}$ for the whole cases, and this value is similar to the ones in a forest or a well-wooded region. The average value of the total air temperature deviation (TD) is $-2.54^{\circ}C$ at the Seonjeongneung for the five cases. However, this cooling effect of the urban green area disappeared when the region is replaced by high-rise buildings in the CAS simulation. The $Q_{ca}$ drastically decreases to about $1.1m^3m^{-2}h^{-1}$ and the average TD shows an increase of $1.14^{\circ}C$ for the same events. This result shows that the vegetation in the Seonjeongneung supposes to keep down temperature during the heat-wave issued day and the average cooling effect of the green region is $3.68^{\circ}C$ quantitatively from the TD difference of the two simulations. The cooling effect represented with the TD difference is larger than $0.3^{\circ}C$ within 200 m distance from the boundary of the Seonjeongneung. Further improvements of the thermodynamical and advection processes above the model surface are required to consider more accurate assessment of the cooling effect for the urban green area.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.171-173
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• 2006

A species of moss (Musci) is observed on the Matanuska Glacier of Alaska in the middle of summer. The life cycle of the moss is perfectly observed. This is very rare and special because the environment is completely glacial and barren of plants. Matanuska is a gigantic glacier formed about 18,000 years ago in the Palmer region near Anchorage. It has a dimension of 27 miles in length and 4 miles in width. The glacier is located in the region between Anchorage and Mount McKinley. This huge glacier carved the Matanuska valley thousands of years ago. The mighty glacier also forms the Matanuska River. The summer weather is very changeable throughout the day: warm, cold, sunshiny, windy, cloudy, rainy, snowy, foggy, etc. The Arctic clouds move very quickly and create variable climates. So there are four seasons even in one day during the summer period of this region.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2015

Geothermal heat pump (GHP) systems have become an efficient alternative to conventional cooling and heating methods due to their higher energy using efficiency. These systems use the ground as a heat source in heating mode operation and a heat sink in cooling mode operation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the heating performance of the GHP system for a residential building ($420m^2$) in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. In order to demonstrate the feasibility of a sustainable performance of this system, we installed the water-to-water geothermal heat pump with ten vertical ground heat exchangers and measured operation parameters from October 19, 2013 to March 26, 2014. The results showed that the entering source temperature of brine from the ground heat exchangers was in a range of the design target temperature of $-10^{\circ}C$ for heating. For total values of the representative results, the ground heat exchangers extracted heat of 53.51 MWh from the ground. In addition, the GHP system supplied heat of 83.55 MWh to the building and consumed power of 30.27 MWh. Consequently, the average heating seasonal performance factor ($SPF_h$) of the overall system was evaluated to be 2.76 during the measurement period of the heating season.

• 대기
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.445-459
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• 2016

Air temperature deviation (ATD) is one of major indicators to represent spatial distribution of urban heat island (UHI), which is induced from the urbanization. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of air temperature deviation about Climate Analysis Seoul (CAS) workbench, which had developed by National Institute Meteorological Science and TU Berlin. Comparison and correlation analysis for CAS ATD including meso-scale air temperature deviation, local-scale air temperature deviation, total air temperature deviation, surface heat flux deviation, cold air production deviation among meso-scale numerical modelling variable in 'Seoul Region', micro-scale numerical modelling in 'Detail Region', and CAS workbench variable using observation data in ground stations. Comparison between night time OBS ATD and CAS ATD show that have most close values. Most of observations ($dT_{max}$ and $dT_{min}$) have highly positive ($dT_{SHP}$, $dT_{CA}$, MD, TD, $f_{BS}$, $f_{US}$, $f_{WS}$, $h_B$) and negative ($f_{VS}$, $f_{TV}$, $h_V$, Z) correlations. However, CAS workbench needs further improvement of both observational framework and analytical framework to resolve the problems; (1) night time OBS ATD of has closer values in compare with at high rise mountain area and (2) correlations are very dependable to meteorological scale.