• 청정기술
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

본 연구는 알루미늄 식각액(PWF100)이 응집제로서의 성능을 가지고 있는가를 평가하고 시중에서 판매되고 있는 응집제(PAC17)와의 물성을 비교하였다. PWF100을 이용하여 제조된 BKN-100, BKR-110, 그리고 BKR-120의 농도에 따른 침전층의 높이를 측정하였는데 농도가 낮은 범위에서는 첨가제의 농도가 증가할수록 침전층의 높이가 감소하지만 일정농도 이상에서는 침전층의 높이가 일정해졌다. BKN-100의 농도에 따른 침전층의 밀도를 조사하였는데 BKN-100의 농도가 증가에 따라 침전층의 밀도가 감소하는 경향이 있었다. BKN-100, BKR-110, 그리고 BKR-120 응집제의 첨가량에 따른 침강속도의 변화를 조사하였는데, 첨가량이 증가함에 따라서 침강속도가 빨라지지만 일정한 농도 이상에서는 침강속도가 둔화되었다. BKN-100, BKR-110, 그리고 BKR-120의 농도에 따른 침전층 형성시간의 변화를 측정하였는데, 저농도 영역에서는 농도가 증가함에 따라 침전층 형성시간이 감소하지만 일정농도 이상에서는 침전층 형성시간이 증가하였다. 위의 실험결과로부터 PWF100은 응집제로서의 효과가 있는 것으로 판정되었다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.313-321
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• 2005

항만 및 저수지에서 점착성 퇴적물의 침식 및 제거는 극도로 큰 에너지를 동반한 기계적인 배출방법으로 단지 가능할 수 있다. 소위 분사방법은 높은 전단력에도 불구하고 점착성 퇴적물을 움직이게 하는데 실효를 거두지 못하고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구는 다목적댐, 항만 그리고 호수 등에서 퇴적된 점착성 미립자들을 저감시키기 위해 기포 투입으로 침전된 미립자($Al_{2}O_3$)의 부유현상을 실험하는데 목적을 두고 있다. 실험을 통해 중요한 매개변수는 투입된 기포의 양과 침전된 퇴적물의 응고시간인 것을 알 수 있었다. 기포 투입없이 높은 pH값에서 빨리 침전되는 미립자 퇴적물(alumina)은 기포의 증가로 입자의 부유현상이 일어난다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권1B호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 금강하구의 표층에 분포하는 점착성 퇴적물의 침식매개변수를 정량적으로 산정하는 것이다. 또한 본 연구는 침식매개변수들의 금강하구역 내에서의 지엽적 계절적 변화에 대한 조사와 타 지역 분석 결과와의 비교/분석을 통한 공간적 변화에 대한 조사를 포함한다. 점착성 퇴적물의 침식특성은 기본적으로 퇴적물 자체의 물리 화학적 특성에 의해 크게 영향을 받으므로, 본 연구는 또한 퇴적물의 이러한 기본특성이 침식특성에 미치는 영향에 대한 정성적 분석을 포함한다. 침식실험은 전북대 환형수조를 이용하여 균일저면 조건하에서 수행되었으며, 저면밀도와 바닥전단응력을 변화시키면서 총 16회의 실험이 수행되었다. 실험결과에 따르면, 금강하구역 점착성 퇴적물은 저면밀도 $1.14{\sim}1.38g/cm^3$ 범위에서 침식한계전단응력(${\tau}_{ce,s}$)은 $0.19{\sim}0.41N/m^2$, 침식률 계수(${\varepsilon}_{M,s}$)는 $54.26{\sim}7.70mg/cm^2{\cdot}hr$ 범위의 값을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 산정된 침식 매개변수들은 타 지역 점착성 퇴적물과 비교시 정량적으로 그 값이 크게 다른 것으로 나타났으나, 금강하구역 내에서의 지엽적/계절적 변화는 미미한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.915-927
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• 2022

Recently, protein-fortified milk powders are being widely consumed in Korea to prevent sarcopenia, and the demand for high-protein food powders is continuously increasing in the Korean market. However, spray-dried milk proteins have poor flowability and wettability owing to their fine particle sizes and high inter-particle cohesive forces. Fluidized bed agglomeration is widely used to improve the instant properties of food powders. This study investigated the effect of fluidized bed agglomeration on whey protein isolate (WPI)-fortified skim milk powder (SMP) at different SMP/WPI ratios. The fluidized bed process increased the particle size distribution, and agglomerated particles with grape-like structures were observed in the SEM images. As the size increased, the Carr index (CI) and Hausner ratio (HR) values of the agglomerated WPI-fortified SMP particles exhibited excellent flowability (CI: <15) and low cohesiveness (HR: <1.2). In addition, agglomerated WPI-fortified SMP particles exhibited the faster wetting time than the instant criterion (<20 s). As a result, the rheological and physical properties of the WPI-fortified SMP particles were effectively improved by fluidized bed agglomeration. However, the fluidized bed agglomeration process led to a slight change in the color properties. The CIE L^* decreased, and the CIE b^* increased because of the Maillard reaction. The apparent viscosity (η_a,10) and consistency index (K) values of the rehydrated solutions (60 g/180 mL water) increased with the increasing WPI ratio. These results may be useful for formulating protein-fortified milk powder with better instant properties.

• 한국해안해양공학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.119-128
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• 2005

미세-점착성 퇴적물의 침식률 산정을 목적으로 국내 최초로 환형수조가 제작되었으며, 수조의 성능, 실험 방법 및 결과 등에 대한 타당성 검증을 목적으로 고령토를 이용한 침식실험이 수행되었다. 각기 다른 밀도를 갖는 균일저면 조건하에서 총 4회의 실험이 수행되었으며, 이 결과로부터 점착성 퇴적물의 침식한계 전단응력과 침식률 계수가 산정되었다. 기존의 타 연구결과와의 비교$\cdot$검토를 통하여, 본 연구에서 특수 제작된 환형수조는 성능상에 문제가 없음이 간접적으로 확인되었으며, 균일저면의 제작과정을 포함하는 침식실험 방법 및 실험 결과의 타당성이 입증되었다.

• Water Engineering Research
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2000

In this paper, the increment of the local scour depth at piers by constructing the bridge between existing bridges is examined through the experiments in which 5 piers in the non-cohesive bed material in the experimental flume were installed. In the experiments the maximum distance of 25 times of the pier length and the maximum distortion width of 8 times of the pier width were utilized. Through the experimental studies, it was indicated that low flow, which can be characterized as the flow having low Froude numbers, the maximum bed configuration change is obtained when the piers are installed in the straight line in the flor direction without any distortion. However, In the high flow, which can be characterized as the flow having high Froude numbers, the maximum bed configuration change is obtained when the piers are installed with some distortion from the flow direction. The influence of the bed configuration by interaction between bridge piers is changed depending upon the Froude numbers, the distance between piers, and the distortion width between adjacent bridge piers. Also, because the scour patterns are affected by the bed configuration, the maximum scour should be increased by about 60% compared to that in a single pier if the interaction between bridge piers exists. It can be suggested that the maximum scour depth at bridge piers predicted by applying the existing equations should be increased if the interaction between bridge piers exist. Those cases are found when new bridges are constructed successively in the river in the urban area.

• 한국해안해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해안해양공학회 1992년도 정기학술강연회 발표논문 초록집
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• pp.158-165
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• 1992

Bottom sediments, in various types of sediment transport models, have been usually assumed to be horizontally and/or vertically homogeneous. The assumption may be appropriate in well-sorted sedimentary environments including sand beaches and high turbid regions of fine grained cohesive sediments. (omitted)

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2011년도 학술발표회
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• pp.17-17
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• 2011

As a method of countermeasure to bed degradation and armoring phenomena of bed material in the downstream area of dam reservoirs, sediment augmentation (replenished sediment) has been carried out in many Japanese rivers. In general, bed of the replenished sediment site is composed of rocks, because the site is located in the downstream area of the dams and sediment supply is very small. Bed deformation process has been researched by many researchers. As a method of countermeasure to bed degradation and armoring phenomena of bed material in the downstream area of dam reservoirs, sediment augmentation (replenished sediment) has been carried out in many Japanese rivers. In general, bed of the replenished sediment site is composed of rocks, because the site is located in the downstream area of the dams and sediment supply is very small. Bed deformation process has been researched by many researchers. However, most of them can treat movable bed only and cannot be applied to the bed deformation process of sediment on rocks. If the friction angle between the sediment and the bed surface is assumed to be the same as the friction angle between the sediment and the sediment, sediment transport rate must be smaller without sediment deposition layer on the rocks. As a result, the reproduced bed geometry is affected very well. In this study, non-equilibrium transport process of non-cohesive sediment on rigid bed is introduced into the horizontal two dimensional bed deformation model and the model is applied to the erosion process of replenished sediment on rock in the Nakagawa, Japan. Here, the Japanese largest scale sediment augmentation has been performed in the Nakagawa. The results show that the amounts of the eroded sediment and the remained sediment reproduced by the developed numerical model are $56300m^3$ and $26800m^3$, respectively. On the other hand, the amounts of the eroded sediment and the remained sediment measured in the field after the floods are $56600m^3$ and $26500m^3$, respectively. The difference between the model and field data is very small. Furthermore, the bed geometry of the replenished sediment after the floods reproduced by the developed model has a good agreement with the measured bed geometry after the floods. These results indicate that the developed model is able to simulate the erosion process of replenished sediment on rocks very well. Furthermore, the erosion speed of the replenished sediment during the decreasing process of the water discharge is faster than that during the increasing process of the water discharge. The replenished sediment is eroded well, when the top of the replenished sediment is covered by the water. In general, water surface level is kept to be high during the decreasing process of the discharge during floods, because water surface level at the downstream end is high. Hence, it is considered that the high water surface level during the decreasing process of the water discharge affects on the fast erosion of the replenished sediment.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.434-442
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 자연시료에 대한 퇴적 매개변수를 정량적으로 산정하기 위하여, 환형수조를 이용한 퇴적실험이 수행되었다. 퇴적실험을 위해 마산항이 대표 해역으로 선정되어 시료가 채취되었으며, 퇴적실험은 초기농도가 동일한 조건에서 바닥전단응력의 크기만을 변화시키면서 총 18회의 실험이 수행되었다. 퇴적실험 결과, 마산항 갯벌 점착성 퇴적물의 최소전단응력 ${\tau}_{bmin}$과 퇴적률 매개변수 ${\sigma}1$ 및 $({\tau}_b^*-1)_{50}$은 각각 $0.10N/m^2$, 0.54, 0.87로 산정되었으며, 과거 타 연구결과와의 비교 검토를 통하여 본 실험에서 도출된 결과의 타당성이 입증되었다.

• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.86-98
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• 2016

In this study, after the installation of a subsea pipeline, backfilling was performed in the trenched area. During these operations, a stability problem in the subsea pipeline occurred. The pipeline was directly impacted by environmental loading such as waves and currents that were caused by backfill material when scouring or sediment transport and siltation was carried out. Therefore, this study reviewed whether trenching was necessary, and conducted research into an indigenous seabed property that contains granular soil. A study of cohesive soil was also conducted in order to cross-correlate after calculating the values of the critical Shields parameter relevant to elements of the external environment such as waves and current, and the shear Shields parameter that depends on the actual shearing stress. In case of 1), sedimentation or erosion does not occur. In the case of 2), partial sedimentation or erosion occurs. If the case is 3), full sedimentation or erosion occurs. Therefore, in the cases of 1) or 2), problems in structural subsea pipeline stability will not occur even if partial sedimentation or erosion occurs. This should be reflected particularly in cases with granular and cohesive soil when a reduction in shear strength occurs by cyclic currents and waves. In addition, since backfilling material does not affect the original seabed shear strength, a set-up factor should be considered to use a reduced of the shear strength in the original seabed.