• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.77-88
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was founded to identify the differences of stress responses, according to Sasang Constitutions (the Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin and Soumin) of highly stressed oriental medicine college students. Methods : The subjects were 76 students who majored in oriental medicine. We processed 'University students Stress Scale', and 'Medical Stress Scale'. We selected 30 students who stressed higher than average. We then processed 'QSCC II (Questionnare for the Sasang Constitution Classification II)' and 'Scale for the Stress Response'. Collected data was analyzed with the SPSS 19.0 for windows statistical program. Results : The university students stress score of oriental medicine students was 1.97 that was higher than the other college students. The medical stress score was 2.77, which was similar with other medical college students. The symptoms of stress score was 2.53, which was higher than the others. Particularly, the depressive syndrome and rage syndrome were highly ranked. The frequently appearing symptoms of each type of Sasang Constitutions (the Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin and Soumin) showed as follows. The Soyangin's symptoms of stress showed in order of Anxiety, Depression, and Emotional irritability. The Soumin's symptoms of stress showed in order of Depression, Emotional irritability, and cognitive disorganization. The Taeumin's symptoms of stress showed in order of Anxiety, Depression, and Emotional irritability. However, there was were no significant differences among the results of each constitution. Conclusions : The results show that oriental medicine students have as much stress as other medical college students and there was tendency of showing different patterns of stress response, according to Sasang Constitution, but it's not significantly different.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.171-196
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• 2018

With the development of the web, two-way communication and evaluation became possible and marketing paradigms shifted. In order to meet the needs of consumers, web design trends are continuously responding to consumer feedback. As the web becomes more and more important, both academics and businesses are studying consumer emotions and satisfaction on the web. However, some consumer characteristics are not well considered. Demographic characteristics such as age and sex have been studied extensively, but few studies consider psychological characteristics such as regulatory focus (i.e., emotional regulation). In this study, we analyze the effect of web style on consumer emotion. Many studies analyze the relationship between the web and regulatory focus, but most concentrate on the purpose of web use, particularly motivation and information search, rather than on web style and design. The web communicates with users through visual elements. Because the human brain is influenced by all five senses, both design factors and emotional responses are important in the web environment. Therefore, in this study, we examine the relationship between consumer emotion and satisfaction and web style and design. Previous studies have considered the effects of web layout, structure, and color on emotions. In this study, however, we excluded these web components, in contrast to earlier studies, and analyzed the relationship between consumer satisfaction and emotional indexes of web-style only. To perform this analysis, we collected consumer surveys presenting 40 web style themes to 204 consumers. Each consumer evaluated four themes. The emotional adjectives evaluated by consumers were composed of 18 contrast pairs, and the upper emotional indexes were extracted through factor analysis. The emotional indexes were 'softness,' 'modernity,' 'clearness,' and 'jam.' Hypotheses were established based on the assumption that emotional indexes have different effects on consumer satisfaction. After the analysis, hypotheses 1, 2, and 3 were accepted and hypothesis 4 was rejected. While hypothesis 4 was rejected, its effect on consumer satisfaction was negative, not positive. This means that emotional indexes such as 'softness,' 'modernity,' and 'clearness' have a positive effect on consumer satisfaction. In other words, consumers prefer emotions that are soft, emotional, natural, rounded, dynamic, modern, elaborate, unique, bright, pure, and clear. 'Jam' has a negative effect on consumer satisfaction. It means, consumer prefer the emotion which is empty, plain, and simple. Regulatory focus shows differences in motivation and propensity in various domains. It is important to consider organizational behavior and decision making according to the regulatory focus tendency, and it affects not only political, cultural, ethical judgments and behavior but also broad psychological problems. Regulatory focus also differs from emotional response. Promotion focus responds more strongly to positive emotional responses. On the other hand, prevention focus has a strong response to negative emotions. Web style is a type of service, and consumer satisfaction is affected not only by cognitive evaluation but also by emotion. This emotional response depends on whether the consumer will benefit or harm himself. Therefore, it is necessary to confirm the difference of the consumer's emotional response according to the regulatory focus which is one of the characteristics and viewpoint of the consumers about the web style. After MMR analysis result, hypothesis 5.3 was accepted, and hypothesis 5.4 was rejected. But hypothesis 5.4 supported in the opposite direction to the hypothesis. After validation, we confirmed the mechanism of emotional response according to the tendency of regulatory focus. Using the results, we developed the structure of web-style recommendation system and recommend methods through regulatory focus. We classified the regulatory focus group in to three categories that promotion, grey, prevention. Then, we suggest web-style recommend method along the group. If we further develop this study, we expect that the existing regulatory focus theory can be extended not only to the motivational part but also to the emotional behavioral response according to the regulatory focus tendency. Moreover, we believe that it is possible to recommend web-style according to regulatory focus and emotional desire which consumers most prefer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.473-482
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• 2021

The introduction of automated flight systems has greatly improved aviation safety, but aircraft pilots continue to face new challenges. The pilot's stress from an aeronautical perspective can be distinguished by the 'Startle and Surprise' responses. 'Startle' is a short, strong physiological response to sudden or threatening stimuli such as unexpected gunfire. 'Surprise' is a cognitive-emotional response to an event that goes beyond one's expectations. In Martin et al.'s (2012) Startle Effect Experiment, the pilot identified physiological responses in the 'Startle' state, including delayed response and increased heart rate. In the Rahim (2020) Startle/Surprise experiment, the pilot's breathing rate and pulse rate did not change due to pre-planned emergency training. On the other hand, it was confirmed that the pilot's respiratory and heart rate were greatly increased due to the complicated aircraft and unplanned emergencies. Based on the results of these experiments, domestic pilots need to be trained to handle non-technical and various unexpected emergencies that could arise in an aircraft, rather than be just put through courses for enhancing technical capabilities or simple repetitive training as required by aviation law.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.377-406
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• 2016

Current lists of the Korean emotion words either do not consider word frequency, or only include emotion expression words such as 'joy' while disregarding emotion inducing words like 'heaven'. Also, none of the current lists contains the concreteness level of the emotional words. Therefore, the current study aimed to develop a new Korean affect word list that makes up such limitations of the current lists. To do so, in experiment 1, valence, arousal and concreteness ratings of the 450 Korean emotion expression nouns and emotion inducing nouns were surveyed with 399 participants. In addition, in experiment 2, an emotional stroop task was performed with the newly developed word list to test the usefulness of the list. The results showed clear patterns of the congruency effects between emotional words and emotion expressing faces. Increased response times and more errors were found when the emotion of the words and faces are non-matched, than when they were matched. The result suggested that the newly developed Korean affect word list can be effectively adapted to studies examining the influence of various aspects emotion.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.161-167
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• 2021

This study was conducted for the purpose of comparing the advertising effect of Korean companies and Vietnamese domestic companies by applying the balance theory to Vietnamese consumers emerging as a new market for Korean companies. An experiment was conducted on female university students, and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to advertisements in the two countries were investigated. The results showed that there was no difference in the cognitive dimension of Vietnamese consumers' evaluation of advertisements in Korea and Vietnam, but there is a difference in the emotional dimension and the behavioral dimension. This study contributed theoretically to the possibility of applying the balance theory to the study of international advertising effects, and the implications of international advertising of Korean companies in the underdeveloped markets were discussed.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.14-26
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• 2003

This research aimed 1) to analyze the relationship between consumer's emotional needs and elements of textile design in the 1st survey 2) to investigate textile design process presently conducted in the industry in the 2nd survey, and 3) to suggest a desirable direction to improve the textile design process based on a comparison of the results obtained from the two surveys. A description system and an emotion model on textile design were redeveloped as research devices in this study. In the 1st survey, total 600 respondents were sampled and asked to report their emotional response on 50 representative types of textile design, on a emotion measurement scale. The data set obtained from the 1st survey were statistically analyzed. In the 2nd survey, a depth interview was applied to qualitatively analyze the textile design process presently conducted in the industry. The results from the two surveys were compared.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.255-267
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• 2020

Students' engagement is important for meaningful learning and it has multifaceted aspects for their science learning. This study investigated elementary students' perceptions of science learning engagement. The subjects of this study were 341 4^th to 6^th elementary students. The survey questionnaires were 5-Likert scale questions and free response questions on science learning engagement. The results showed that elementary students' perceptions of behavioral engagement were higher than emotional and cognitive engagement. Keyword network analysis with NetMiner program showed that the frequent key words of science learning engagement were 'experiment', 'listening', and 'teachers' explanation', which were mostly the behavioral types of engagement. The degree centrality and eigenvector centrality of these key words appeared high. 'Interest', which is emotional engagement, were also one of the frequent key words, but the centralities of this word were relatively low. The Frequent key words of science learning disengagement were mostly related with off-tasks, not doing expected behaviors and negative emotions about science and science learning. Educational implications on science learning engagement were discussed.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.183-202
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• 2004

The former study results demonstrate that differences between people of creativity and non-creativity lie in differences of the self-efficacies rather than those of cognitive aspects and a man of higher self-efficacy has a tendency to set up a higher goal of achievement and higher self-efficacy influences his or her achievement results as well (Zimmerman & Bandura 1994). Using the method of mathematical creative responses of open-ended approach (Lee, Hwang & Seo 2003), difference of mathematical self-efficacies has been surveyed in the study. Results of the survey showed that some students of a high mathematical self-efficacy even had bad marks in the originality or creativity but, in some cases, some students of a low mathematical self-efficacy rather had good marks in the fluency. Therefore, the response results mathematical creativity ability may be a special ability and not just a combination of self-efficacy ability. The fluency of the mathematical creative ability may be a combination of mathematical motivation ability that have been surveyed in the study suggest that not only cognitive components but also social and emotional components should be included in a development process of new creative method for teaching and learning mathematics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.3-12
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• 1995

The purpose of this study were to identify the types of consumer responses and to investigate the attitude formation process toward the fashion advertising. A consusmer attitude model for the fashion advertising and to select relevant variables. A consumer attitude model was composed of the prior brand attitude, the consumer re, ;posses (affective, cognitive) the advertising attitude, the brand attitude, and the purchase intention paradigm. The result of this study were as follows: 1. Consumer responses on the fashion advertising were distingished between affective response and cognitive responses and the degree of responses differed by the advertising appeals types (emotional advertising, sex appeal advertising and product attribute advertising). 2. The main casual course of the fashion advertising was that the prior brand attitude $\rightarrow$ the consumer responses (affective, congnitive) $\rightarrow$ the advertising attitude $\rightarrow$ the brand attitude $\rightarrow$ the purcha, ie intention. These attitude formation process was differed by the advertising appeals types. Finally, consumer responses on the fashion advertising were disinguished beween affective responses and congitive responses, and were affected to advertising attitude, brand attitude, purchase intention. These consumer attitude formation process was differed by the advertising appeals.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.206-219
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• 2018

Purpose: This study tries to identify and clarify the concept of fear of dementia. Methods: The hybrid model method was used to perform a conceptual analysis of fear for dementia. Results from both the theoretical review of 35 studies and the field study with 8 community-dwelling older adults were included in the final stage. Results: Fear for dementia had 4 dimensions with 14 attributes including cognitive factors (direct experience of precursor symptoms of dementia, indirect experience of dementia, preliminary knowledge of dementia, impossibility of cognitive control, and confidence in dementia), emotional factors (negative feelings and pessimistic thoughts), social factors (social isolation, economic instability, embarrassment), and behavioral factors (existing health problems, making efforts to maintain health, impossibility of body control, peripheral autonomic nervous system response) along with 34 indicators. Conclusion: This study is meaningful because it reveals the attributes of Korean elderly adults' fear for dementia. In addition, the results may serve as a basis for the early assessment and management of fear for dementia.