• 생물정신의학
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2018

Objectives This study aimed to investigate the relationship between depressive and anxiety symptoms and tardive dyskinesia (TD) and reveal the association of cognitive function and TD in patients with schizophrenia. Methods We recruited 30 schizophrenia patients with TD and 31 without TD from a national mental hospital in South Korea. To assess depressive and anxiety symptoms, the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were conducted. Using the five-factor structure of the BDI-II and BAI, somatic anxiety, cognitive depression, somatic depression, subjective anxiety, and autonomic anxiety were assessed. Computerized neurocognitive function test (CNT) was performed to assess levels of cognitive functions. We compared the clinical characteristics, levels of cognitive functions, and depressive and anxiety symptoms between schizophrenia patients with TD and without TD. Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, independent t-test and Mann Whitney U test were conducted to compare two groups. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to evaluate relationships among the abnormal involuntary movement scale (AIMS), BDI-II, BAI, somatic anxiety, cognitive depression, somatic depression, subjective anxiety, and autonomic anxiety. Results The subjects with TD had significantly lower score on the cognitive depression than those without TD (t = -2.087, p = 0.041). There were significant correlations between the AIMS score and the BDI-II score (r = -0.386, p = 0.035) and between the AIMS score and cognitive depression score (r = - 0.385, p = 0.035). Conclusions Our findings suggest the inverse relationship between severities in TD and depression and support the assumption that there is an inverse relationship between the pathophysiology of TD and depression.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.21-38
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• 2019

This study starts from the question, "Are people of the age 60 and over equally 'old?' "As the aging population has rapidly become a global issue, it is a timely question to think about whether it is appropriate to classify people aged 60 and over as senior citizens monolithically based on their chronological age. Thanks to the advancement of medical technology and ever-increasing life expectancy, there may be more differences than we thought in terms of cognitive and behavioral patterns among the elderly population. In order to further investigate this question, this study focuses on technology acceptance behavior of 132 participants over the age of 60 towards a wearable healthcare device. The results show that there were interesting behavioral differences among participants depending on their cognitive capabilities. More specifically, participants with high cognitive capability (Superagers) consider the usefulness and the social aspects (social norm and image) of using wearable healthcare technology. Whereas for those with relatively low cognitive capability (non-Superagers), usefulness of using the technology was not a significant factor, and they mainly considered social norm and image. Our findings imply that the current monolithic application of chronological age to classify the elderly population should be carefully reconsidered because people aged over 60 years old may not always share homogeneous cognitive and behavioral patterns.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.1464-1471
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• 2007

당뇨병은 만성적 대사질환으로 말초뿐만 아니라 중추신경계에서도 다양한 합병증을 유발시키는 것으로 알려져 있다. 특히, 당뇨환자는 인지기능의 손상으로 인해 치매 유병율이 높은 것으로 보고되고 있다. 규칙적인 운동은 당뇨병의 이차 합병증을 예방하기 위한 치료적 방법으로 흔히 권장된다. 이에 본 연구는 당뇨흰쥐를 대상으로 트레드밀 운동이 기억력과 해마 BDNF 발현에 미치는 효과를 조사하였다. SD계열 흰쥐를 실험동물로 하여 STZ (50 mg/kg) 투여로 유발시킨 당뇨흰쥐를 8주간 주 5회 30분씩 트레드밀에서 달리도록 하였다. 운동프로그램 종료 후, Morris water maze로 기억력을 측정하고, 해마조직을 적출하여 Western으로 brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) 발현을 정량화하였다. 본 연구결과 8주간의 당뇨는 선행연구과 유사하게 기억력 손상과 함께 해마 조직의 BDNF 발현을 유의하게 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 트레드밀 운동은 당뇨흰쥐에서 기억력과 해마 BDNF 발현을 유의하게 향상시키는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 당뇨동물에서 운동이 해마 BDNF 발현의 증가를 통해 인지기능의 손상을 완화시킬 수 있음을 보여주는 것이다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.241-251
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• 2019

본 연구에서는 Alzheimer's disease(AD) 마우스 모델에서 미세전류의 적용을 통한 인지능력 개선 효과를 확인하였다. ICR 마우스에 amyloid beta($A{\beta}$)를 뇌 내 주입하여 인지능력 손상을 유도한 후, 4가지 파형의 미세전류를 각각 적용하여 손상된 인지능력에 미치는 미세전류의 영향을 검토하였다. AD 마우스의 공간 및 물체 인지능력을 확인하기 위해 행동실험을 실시한 결과, novel object recognition test와 Morris water maze test에서 $A{\beta}$로 인해 손상되었던 인지능력이 미세전류 적용군에서 유의적으로 개선됨을 확인하였으며, 지질과산화 반응으로 인한 malondialdehyde의 뇌 내 생성량 또한 감소하였다. 뇌 조직에서 AD 관련 단백질 발현을 측정한 결과, 특히 미세전류 Wave4 [STEP FORM 파형(0, 1.5, 3, 5V), 중첩Hz 적용] 적용군에서 $A{\beta}$ 생성 관련 단백질인 ${\beta}$-secretase, presenilin 1, presenilin 2의 발현이 감소하였고 신경영양인자인 brain-derived neurotrophic factor 단백질 발현이 증가하였다. 이 결과를 바탕으로 AD 마우스에서 미세전류를 이용한 손상된 인지능력에 대한 개선 효과를 확인하였으며, AD 예방 및 치료를 위한 비약물적인 방법으로서 적용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 인지과학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.41-56
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• 2008

감성에 대한 기존 연구들은 감성 요인들을 추출하는 데에 치중하여 왔으며, 감성의 내적 구조에 큰 관심을 보이지 않았다. 본 연구는 감성에 감각적 측면과 정서적 측면이 있으며, 이들이 대상의 속성을 묘사하는 객관형용사와 경험자의 심리를 묘사는 주관형용사에 각각 상응한다고 보았다. 국어학적 분류와 경험적 평정을 통해 최종 선별된 43 개의 객관형용사 군과 21 개의 주관형용사 군에 대해 요인분석을 하여, 감각적 측면(객관형용사)의 다섯 요인과 정서적 측면(주관형용사)의 세 요인을 추출하였다. 두 측면의 요인점수들에 대한 다중회귀분석을 통해, 감각적 측면과 정서적 측면 간의 위계 구조를 도출하였다. 그 결과 감성의 정서적 측면은 여러 감각적 요인의 결합으로 파악될 수 있었다. 본 연구의 제한점과 의의를 논의하였다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.243-261
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of the mother-child relationship and marital satisfaction on the subjective well-being of mothers with young children. The subjects consisted of 237 mothers with young children. Data were analyzed by means of multiple regression analysis, T-test and one way ANOVA. The results included that 1) There were clear differences in terms of the mother's level of education, her monthly income in household, and job satisfaction when it came to the subjective well-being of mothers. 2) The mother-child relationship and marital satisfaction were both positively correlated with the cognitive and affective factor (positive affects) of subjective well-being, whereas there were negative correlations with regard to affective factors (negative affects) of subjective well-being. 3) The mother-child relationship and marital satisfaction accounted for 32.5% of subjective well-being. More specifically, marital satisfaction was the most influential variable when it came to determining the level of life satisfaction (which is also a cognitive factor of subjective well-being), whereas the mother-child relationship was the most influential variable when it came to the affective factor of subjective well-being.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.19-29
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• 2020

Purpose: This study sought to explore the effects of sport enjoyment on leisure commitment. Research design, data, and methodology: Subjects of this study are members of MTB participation in Seoul and Gyeonggi area and were selected by purposive sampling out of non-probability sampling. 295 questionnaires were collected and 288 questionnaires were used for the study. To analyze data, frequency analysis, factorial analysis, t-test, ANOVA, correlation and regression analysis were employed. Results: First, as for leisure satisfaction and leisure commitment pursuant, there was significant difference in gender, age, the number of participation in weekly leisure, and hours of participation in weekly leisure. Second, regarding MTB participants' amusement and leisure satisfaction competence had significant influence on all the sub-factors of leisure satisfaction and that both achievement and competence had impacts on social leisure satisfaction. Third, regarding effects on leisure commitment, competence of amusement had impacts on cognitive and behavioral leisure commitment. Fourth, regarding relationships between leisure satisfaction and leisure commitment, satisfaction of mental leisure, social leisure, relaxation leisure, physiological leisure and leisure satisfaction had significant influence on cognitive commitment. Conclusions: Summary of above results showed that MTB participants' amusement factor had significant influence on leisure satisfaction and leisure commitment. Implications were discussed. Keywords: MTB, amusement factor, leisure commitment.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.678-687
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• 1996

Smoking is considered to be one of the important risk factors associated with various health problems. Thirty seven million people in America quit smoking in the past decade, with 90% quitting on their own(Americal Heart Association, 1986). According to McAlister(1975), 70% of smokers reported that they adopted a self-help smoking cessation approach rather than a formal treatment program. In our country, although, auccessful exsmokers have used, are not available, concerns about smoking cessation have increased, recently, due to changes in social and political attitudes to health promotion. This study was conducted to help smokers who had made a decision to adopt a self-helf smoking cessation approach instead of depending on a formal treatment program. It provided a structurd way for sucessful smoking cessation by identifying change mechanism factors which have been commonly used by smokers. The subjects selected for this study were 155 university students between 20 and 29. Years of age the results from the analysis of the collected data showed that seven factors in the self-help change processes significant, and they are named, Stimulus Control, Self-Determination, Information Management, Reinforcement Management, Helpful Relationships, Dramatic Relief, and Cognitive Restructuring. All of the factors except Self-Determination represent the same change mechanisms which are proposed by Prochaska et at.(1988). Self-Determination uniformly includes items belonging to various change processes. Therefore, it might be an transitional factor including strategies related to both cognitive and behavioral dimensions. In spite of this, noted that one item which gives meaning of Self-Determination shows the highest factor loading, it is named Self-Determination.

• 재활간호학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to analyse the trends of risk factor management programs for patients with coronary artery disease. Methods: Using PubMed, 35 intervention studies related to risk factor management programs among randomized controlled trials searched with the key words of coronary artery disease and coronary heart disease. Collected studies were analysed according to the characteristics of studies and participants, method and content of intervention, and outcome indicator and its effects. Results: The mean period of intervention was $28.7{\pm}26.8$ weeks, the mean frequency was $3.0{\pm}2.0$ times per week, and the duration of one session was below 60 minuets in 65.8% of the reviewed studies. The interventions were counselling, exercise, education, and cognitive behavior therapy. Counselling was applied most frequently in previous studies. The outcomes of intervention had been measured with anthropometric, physical, physiological, psychological, behavioral, and cognitive aspects, but the effect of the intervention was inconsistent among the studies. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, systematic and comprehensive cardiac rehabilitation program consisted of counselling, exercise, and education should be developed and performed for health management and relapse prevention of patients with coronary artery disease.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.13-22
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to figure out the differences in children's 'sense of place' followed by their development stages and to suggest a positive space design of school suited by their development. Haeng-Hyeon Elementary school was selected as the target area. The research methods of this study were based on drawing the cognitive map and a questionnaire survey. Through the cognitive map, children's development stages were determined. Also, through an awareness assessment, the places where the children had deep recognition were extracted. The questionnaires were based on knowing the places where children create their 'sense of place' and its reasons. The sense of place development factors are comprehended as physical factor, behavioral factor and psychological factor based on Relph(1976). The results were organized into a guide which has to be considered when designing an elementary school, sorted by adequate space responding to children's development stages.