• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.337-351
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• 1992

Nursing as it is practiced and taught, historically has been viewed as natural science. There are new movements to create a paradigm of nursing in the human sciences. A natural science methodologies elicit quantitative data from observable phenomena and reveal causal relationships. Human science methodology is the study of Unitary Man's participative experience in a situation, the simultaneity paradigm. In a theory of nursing rooted in human science assumptions about man and health are synthesized, and the practice of nursing is continuously expanded through research. To find independent nursing interventions especially cognitive nursing intervention models it has been necessary to consult a multitude of journals and text sources for references, and no one nursing textbook can be used in help patients achieve nursing goals. The goals of nursing in the simultaneity paradigm focus on the quality of life from the person's perspective. Cognitive interventions based on the person's perspective were selected from those that colleagues deemed appropriate to nursing and those that were identified in the nursing literature. They were supportive nursing care, reminiscence, meditation, relaxation and imagery. Nurses have been reluctant to make diagnoses, implement actions, and assume responsibility for this actions and this is of concern but can be understood because nurses have had little exposure to action and lack an intervention armamentarium from with which to choose actions to achieve nursing goals. Efforts in nursing education and nursing service are required to remedy this problem. Nurses must be convinced of the challenge and excitement associated with autonomous functioning. It is a characteristic of the true professional. Traditionally, nursing has prescribed one method for handling a situation. Fundamental nursing texts usually only present one way to handle a situation, because alternative interventions to achieve a client goal may be available. Considerably more research is necessary before these can be prescribed. However, unless a first step is taken, progress will not be made. The quality of health care or nursing care is enhanced when nurses transform dilemas into commited action. This is apparent from widespread experiences of nurses.

• Korean Journal of Schizophrenia Research
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2017

Objectives : It has been shown that early intervention is crucial for favorable outcome in patients with schizophrenia. However, development of biomarkers for predicting prognosis of psychotic disorder still requires more research. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether baseline mismatch negativity (MMN) predict prognosis in patients with first episode psychosis (FEP). Methods : Twenty-four patients with FEP and matched healthy controls (HCs) were examined with MMN at baseline, and their clinical status were re-assessed after 1 year. Repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed to compare baseline MMN between the two groups. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify factors predicting prognosis in FEP patients during the follow-up period. Results : MMN amplitudes at baseline were significantly reduced in patients with FEP compared to healthy controls. In the multiple regression analysis, baseline MMN amplitude significantly predicted later improvement of performances on digit span and delayed recall of California Verbal Learning Test. However, baseline MMN did not predicted improvement of clinical symptoms. Conclusion : These results indicate that MMN may be a possible predictor of improvement in cognitive functioning in patients with FEP. Future study with larger sample and longer follow-up period would be needed to confirm the findings of the current study.

• Journal of Music and Human Behavior
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2016

This study examined the correlation between the rhythm reproduction performance and cognitive function of school-aged children. A total of 59 third grade elementary students participated in this study. An iPad-based rhythm reproduction task, the Digit Span Test (DST), the Children's Color Trails Test (CCTT), and a self-paced tapping task via a MIDI keyboard were conducted for each participant. The results demonstrated that scores at each stage of the iPad-based rhythm reproduction test showed different patterns of correlation with cognitive function test scores. This result suggests that accuracy of a simple rhythm task is correlated to speed of self-paced tapping (second). Also cognitive function may affect rhythm grouping ability. Results of this analysis for each of 20 rhythm items showed that there was a common rhythm characteristics that correlated with executive function, working memory or self-paced tapping speed. These results indicate that rhythm ability is related to, and predictive of, the level of cognitive functioning in elementary school students and can be used as an useful parameter when examining cognitive function of school-aged children in multifaceted dimensions.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.51-62
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• 2019

Objective: To develop and verify the usability of a cognitive rehabilitation system with diverse cognitive functional levels based on tangible objects for the elderly population. Methods: A study was conducted to investigate the system's strengths and weaknesses by upgrading it with responses from two groups of 15 patients and 4 occupational therapists. After undergoing three forms of training - regarding executive function, memory, and concentration for a total of 20-30 min, the participants were asked to answer a structured questionnaire about contents of the three forms of training, hardware including the tablet PC functioning as a CPU and display media and tangible objects, and satisfaction of experiential usage of the system. Results: Both groups responded that the most interesting training area was executive function while the least interesting was concentration. Six participants reported that the size of the screen of the tablet PC was inappropriate, and five responded that the size of the tool was inappropriate. All therapists and 40% of the patients responded that they were satisfied with this system. Conclusion: This system's features include easy manipulation of tangible tools for performing training tasks, easy selection of and training in cognitive areas based on users' needs, and automatic adjustment of difficulty level based on users' performance. The training environment was designed to be similar to the natural environment by using tangible objects in both hands as input devices for the system, and the system was considered as an alternative to the lack of community cognitive rehabilitation specialists.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.173-190
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• 1989

This literature review was undertaken to explore theoretical models of depression for their potential usefulness in nursing research and practice. Depression has bean accounted for by numerous theories or models of causation ; 11 theories selected from psychology, medicine and psychoanalysis and supported by empirical or experimental research were reviewed. These theories identify a variety of precipitating and predisposing factors that may affect the individual's depression. Aggression - turned - inward theory, object loss theory, ego functioning theory, personality organization theory, behavioral theory, learned helplessness theory, cognitive theory, genetic factors, and biological theories conceptualize predisposing factors. Only life stressors theory identifies precipitating facotrs. Each of these theories contributes to an understanding of depression, but many of them use overlapping and interrelated factors. It is also evident from recent. research that there are multiple causes for depression involving an interactive effect among predisposing and precipitating factors that are both biological and psychological in origin. That is, a single theory is not useful, but perhaps a unified theory could be developed that would be helpful to nursing. This review points to the need for continuing development and testing of theories that would integrate the multiple conceptualizations of depression.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.24-28
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• 1997

Visual perception is a complex process engaging many different aspects of brain functioning. Like other cognitive functions, the extensive cortical distribution and complexity of visual perceptional activites make them hihgly vulnerable to brain injury. Dectection and characterization of perceptual disorders require a careful clinical assessment as well as the application of selected neuropsychological tests. In this article we reviewed neuropsychological assessment of visual perception and constructional abilities. And the principal visuospatial disorders are discussed, the associated neuropsychiatric disorders are presented.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.10
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• pp.1026-1030
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• 2006

Mental retardation(MR) is one of the most common developmental disabilities, which is characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functions. Most children with MR have cognitive limitation in the mild range. With respect to the etiology, it is believed that genetic and environmental factors are interrelated and show variable pictures. Most children with MR present with speech and language delay during the early years. The diagnosis can be made by clinical features and neuropsychological tests of intelligence and adaptive functioning. The treatment is limited, but many associated problems are amenable to multidisciplinary interventions. The article will review the recent advances in the management of MR and other neurodevelopmental disorders in children.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.9
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• pp.935-943
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• 2008

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity, as well as forgetfulness, poor impulse control or impulsivity, and distractibility. The recommended evaluation includes documenting the type and severity of ADHD symptoms, verifying the presence of normal vision and hearing, screening for comorbid psychological conditions, reviewing the child's developmental history and school performance, and applying objective measures of cognitive function. Prevailing opinion characterizes ADHD as a disorder of executive function attributable to abnormal dopamine transmission in the frontal lobes and frontostriatal circuitry. A clearly defined etiology remains unknown, but studies suggest a strong genetic link. The aim of treatment is to decrease symptoms, enhance functionality, and improve well-being for the child and his or her close contacts. Stimulants remain the pharmacological agents of first choice for the management of ADHD, and psychosocial, behavioral and educational strategies that enhance specific behaviors may improve educational and social functioning in children with ADHD.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.119-128
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• 2007

Emotion interaction between human and robot is an important element for natural interaction especially for service robot. We propose a hybrid emotion generation architecture and detailed design of reactive process in the architecture based on insight about human emotion system. Reactive emotion generation is to increase task performance and believability of the service robot. Experiment result shows that it seems possible for the reactive process to function for those purposes, and reciprocal interaction between different layers is important for proper functioning of robot's emotion generation system.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.159-172
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• 1999

Relationships between socio-demographic variables and parents' education invest-ment motivation variables and extra-class private education expenditures were examined using a sample of 602 households in Inchon Korea. Tobit analysis was used. Singal-cognitive motivation parents' duty motivation household income housing asset father's occupation class and number of children had significant effects on extra-class private education expenditures on general high school students. To alleviate overspending in extra-class private education diploma pursuing society has to be changed and formal school education need to be properly functioning. Finally parents seek new child education paradigm for the creative labor demand in the next millenium.