Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2008.51.9.935

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder  

Eun, So-Hee (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine)
Eun, Baik-Lin (Department of Pediatrics, Korea University College of Medicine)
Publication Information
Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics / v.51, no.9, 2008 , pp. 935-943 More about this Journal
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral developmental disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity, as well as forgetfulness, poor impulse control or impulsivity, and distractibility. The recommended evaluation includes documenting the type and severity of ADHD symptoms, verifying the presence of normal vision and hearing, screening for comorbid psychological conditions, reviewing the child's developmental history and school performance, and applying objective measures of cognitive function. Prevailing opinion characterizes ADHD as a disorder of executive function attributable to abnormal dopamine transmission in the frontal lobes and frontostriatal circuitry. A clearly defined etiology remains unknown, but studies suggest a strong genetic link. The aim of treatment is to decrease symptoms, enhance functionality, and improve well-being for the child and his or her close contacts. Stimulants remain the pharmacological agents of first choice for the management of ADHD, and psychosocial, behavioral and educational strategies that enhance specific behaviors may improve educational and social functioning in children with ADHD.
Keywords
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Child; Review;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Polanczyk G, de Lima MS, Horta BL, Biederman J, Rohde LA. "The worldwide prevalence of ADHD: a systematic review and metaregression analysis". Am J Psychiatry 2007;164:942-8   DOI   ScienceOn
2 Clements SD, Peters J. Task force one: Minimal brain dysfunction in the school aged child. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1962;6:185   DOI
3 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1980
4 Baumgaertel A, Wolraich ML, Dietrich M. Comparison of diagnostic criteria for attention deficit disorders in a German elementary school sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1995;34:629-38   DOI
5 Barbaresi WJ. Primary-care approach to the diagnosis and management of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Mayo Clin Proc 1996;71:463-71   DOI   ScienceOn
6 Accardo P. A rational approach to the medical assessment of the child with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Pediatr Clin North Am 1999;46:845-56   DOI
7 Clinical practice guideline: diagnosis and evaluation of the child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 2000;105:1158-70   DOI   ScienceOn
8 Conners CK. Rating scales in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: use in assessment and treatment monitoring. J Clin Psychiatry 1998;59:24S-30S   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Zametkin AJ, Liebenauer LL, Fitzgerald GA, King AC, Minkunas DV, Herscovitch P, et al. "Brain metabolism in teenagers with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder." Arch Gen Psychiatry 1993;50;333-40   DOI   ScienceOn
10 Oades RD. Role of the serotonin system in ADHD: treatment implications. Expert Rev Neurother 2007;7:1357-74   DOI   ScienceOn
11 Wender PH, Reimherr FW, Wood DR. Attention deficit disorder ("minimal brain dysfunction") in adults. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1981;38:449-56   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Palfrey JS, Levine MD, Walker DK, Sullivan M. The emergence of attention deficits in early childhood: A prospective study. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1985;6:339-48
13 Acosta MT, Arcos-Burgos M, Muenke M. "Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Complex phenotype, simple genotype?". Genetics in Medicine 2004;6:1-15   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Snow JB, Sapp GL. WISC-III subtest patterns of ADHD and normal samples. Psychol Rep 2000;87:759-65   DOI
15 Reiff MI, Banez GA, Culbert TP. Children who have attentional disorders: diagnosis and evaluation. Pediatr Rev 1993;14:455-65
16 Biederman J, Newcorn J, Sprich S. Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1991;148:564-77   DOI
17 Hazell P. The overlap of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with other common mental disorders. J Paediatr Child Health 1997;33:131-7   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Fletcher JM, Shaywitz SE, Shaywitz BA. Comorbidity of learning and attention disorders. Separate but equal. Pediatr Clin North Am 1999;46:885-96   DOI
19 Blackman JA. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in preschoolers. Does it exist and should we treat it? Pediatr Clin North Am 1999;46:1011-25   DOI
20 Wolraich ML, Hannah JN, Pinnock TY, Baumgaertel A, Brown J. Comparison of diagnostic criteria for attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder in a county-wide sample. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1996;35:319-24   DOI
21 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 4th ed. Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1994
22 Waxmonsky J. Assessment and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with comorbid psychiatric illness. Curr Opin Pediatr 2003;15:476-82   DOI   ScienceOn
23 Barkley RA. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press;1998
24 Still G. Some abnormal psychical conditions in children. Lancet 1902;20:192
25 Corkum PV, Siegel LS. Is the Continuous Performance Task a valuable research tool for use with children with Attention-Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder? J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1993;34:1217-39   DOI   ScienceOn
26 Bender L. A visual motor gestalt test and it's clinical use. New York: American Orthopsychiatric Association;1932
27 Fischer M, Barkley RA, Edelbrock CS, Smallish L. The adolescent outcome of hyperactive children diagnosed by research criteria: II. Academic, attentional, and neuropsychological status. J Consult Clin Psychol 1990;58:580-8   DOI   ScienceOn
28 Solanto MV. Dopamine dysfunction in AD/HD: integrating clinical and basic neuroscience research. Behav Brain Res 2002;10:65-71
29 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd ed. revised, Washington, DC, American Psychiatric Press, 1987
30 Pliszka S. "Patterns of psychiatric comorbidity with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder". Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin North Am 2000;9:525-40   DOI
31 Smucker WD, Hedayat M. Evaluation and treatment of ADHD. Am Fam Physician 2001;64:817-29
32 LinksNaglieri JA, Goldstein S, Delauder BY, Schwebach A. Relationships between the WISC-III and the cognitive assessment system with conners'rating scales and continuous performance tests. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2005;20:385-401   DOI   ScienceOn
33 Tuthill RW. Hair lead levels related to children's classroom attention-deficit behavior. Arch Environ Health 1996;51:214-20   DOI   ScienceOn
34 LinksChen WJ, Faraone SV, Biederman J, Tsuang MT. Diagnostic accuracy of the child behavior checklist scales for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a receiver-operating characteristic analysis. J Consult Clin Psychol 1994;62:1017-25   DOI   ScienceOn
35 Jensen PS, Garcia JA, Glied S, Crowe M, Foster M, Schlander M, et al. "Cost-effectiveness of ADHD treatments: findings from the multimodal treatment study of children With ADHD". Am J Psychiatry 2005;162:1628-36   DOI   ScienceOn
36 Schachar R, Taylor E, Wieselberg MB, Ghorley G, Rutter M. Changes in family functioning and relationships in children who respond to methylphenidate. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 1987;26:728-32   DOI
37 Shin MS, Cho SZ, Chun SY, Hong KE. A study of the development and standardization of ADHD diagnostic system. J Korean Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2000;11:91-9