• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to estimate teachers' knowledge of mathematics via the concept of function. For the purpose, a survey was done to measure their knowledge of mathematics. The result obtained from the survey was as follows With respect to the knowledge on concept of friction, they understood the function as ordered pairs and graph rather than as relation and expression. This study reached the following conclusions from the result : They have the more static cognition than the dynamic one on the concept of unction.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the task-oriented training according to the application time with the change of motor and cognition function. Focal ischemic brain injury was produced in Sprague-Dawley rats (20 rats, $250{\pm}50$ g) through middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo). Before MCAo induction, all rats were trained in treadmill training and Morris water maze training for 1 week. Then they were randomly divided into groups: Group I : MCAo induction ($n_1$=5), Grop II: the application for simple treadmill task training after. MCAo induction ($n_2$=5). Group III: the application for Morris water maze cognitive task training after MCAo induction ($n_3$=5). Group IV: the application for progressive treadmill task training and Morris water maze cognitive task training after MCAo induction ($n_4$=5). Modified limb placing tests (MLPTs) and motor tests (MTs) were performed to test motor function and then Morris water maze acquisition test (MWMAT) and Morris water maze retention test (MWMRT) were performed to test cognitive function. For MTs, there were significant interactions among the groups with the time (p<.001). Group IV showed the steeper increasing pattern than those in other Groups on the 7th and 14th day. For MLPTs, there were significant interactions among the groups with the time (p<.001). The scores in Group III. IV had showed the more decreasing pattern than those in Group I, II since the 7th day and 14th day. For MWMAT, there were significant interactions among the groups with the time (p<.001). Group II found the Quadrant circular platform showed the steeper decreasing pattern than that in Group I on the 9th, 10th, 11th and 12th day. Group III. IV found the quadrant circular platform showed the slower decreasing pattern than that in Group I, II, For MWMRT, there were significant differences among the four groups (p<.001). The time to dwell on quadrant circular platform in Group IV on the 13th day was the longest compared with other groups. These results suggested that the combined task training was very effective to improve the motor and cognition function for the rats affected on their focal ischemic brain injury.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2016

PURPOSE: Many studies have reported the improvement of cognition through physical activity among subject with dementia. This study aimed to whether the current studies supports that physical activity intervention is efficacious on cognitive performance in subject with dementia. METHODS: Two independent reviewers searched National assembly library, RISS, KISS (2005-2015) using the concepts of dementia, exercise, and physical activity. We included randomized controlled trials that examined the efficacy of physical activity in subject with dementia. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the effect sizes cognition with CMA (Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, version 2.2.064) soft-ware program. Nine randomized controlled trials were included, providing data from 133 individuals and excluding those failing to criteria of this study. RESULTS: The meta-analysis showed that physical activity intervention had a rather small effect sizes of 0.36 (95% confidence interval 0.14-0.59) on cognition performance in subject with dementia. Outcome measurement were MMSE-K (Mini-mental state examination Korean version) and LOCTA (Loewenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment). We found heterogeneous among studies and there was difference between the studies (Q = 19.63, d(f)=12, $I^2= 38.88$). CONCLUSION: The present analysis suggests that physical activity interventions have the low effect sizes on cognition performance in subject with dementia Further studies will be required to develop the various programs for improving the cognitive performance in subject with dementia.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.1026-1034
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• 2002

청소년들의 칼슘에 대한 인식 및 섭취실태를 파악하기 위하여 부산시내 초등학교 6학년 145명, 고등학교 2학년 140명, 총 295명을 대상으로 이들의 칼슘에 대한 인식 및 섭취실태를 설문 및 식이섭취조사 방법을 통하여 조사하였다. 연구결과, 청소년들은 칼슘과 우유의 기능, 골다공증과 칼슘과의 관계는 잘 인식하고 있었으나, 칼슘의 흡수와 관련이 있는 영양소에 대해서는 인식이 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 칼슘에 대한 인식의 정도는 여학생들이 높은 점수를 얻었으며 초등학교 남학생에서 가장 낮은 점수를 나타내었다. 칼슘식품에 대한 기호도는 아이스크림, 김, 요구르트 순으로 높았으나 콩 및 뱅어포 등은 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 연령 및 성별에 따라 좋아하는 정도가 달랐다. 청소년들의 하루 평균 칼슘 섭취량은 여학생에서 491.51~530.5 mg, 남학생이 554.5~636.7 mg이었으며 이는 한국인 영양권장량의 각각61.4~66.3%, 69.3~70.7%의 범위를 나타내었다 칼슘 섭취량이 RDA 66.7% 미만의 경우가 고등학교 여학생에서 54.9%로 다른 집단보다 높게 나타났으며 특히 여고생들이 운동의 횟수나 운동량이 적다는 사실도 함께 나타나 이 집단에 대한 영양교육의 필요성이 절실하였다. 또한 청소년들의 칼슘급원 식품군은 우유 및 유제품, 채소류, 어패류 및 곡류 순이었으며, 칼슘섭취량은 칼슘에 대한 영양지식과 양의 상관관계를 보여 인식이 높을수록 칼슘섭취량이 많은 것으로 나타났다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2023

Purpose: We investigated the effects of transcranial stimulation and task-oriented training on upper extremity and cognitive function in chronic stroke patients. Methods: A total of 30 patients were randomly divided into transcranial stimulation and task-oriented training groups (TT) and task-oriented training groups (TO). The TT group performed 30 min 5 times a week for 4 weeks in task-oriented training combined with transcranial direct current stimulation. The TO group performed 30 min 5 times a week for 4 weeks in task-oriented training. To measure upper extremity function, the Jebsen-Taylor Hand Function Test, Manual Function Test, and Cognitive Function Test were performed using the Stroop Test and the Trail Making Test. Results: There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) before and after training in both groups, and the TT group showed significant improvement in both groups. Conclusion: In this study, we confirmed transcranial stimulation and task-oriented training in upper extremity function and cognitive function in patients with chronic strokes.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.4798-4804
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• 2015

본 연구는 지역사회에 거주하는 치매환자에게 인지작업치료 프로그램을 적용한 후 인지기능과 우울, 수부기능에 대한 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 연구방법은 2012년 9월에서 12월까지 일개광역지역 소재 요양원에 입소한 환자를 중심으로 실험군 12명, 대조군 9명의 전체 21명을 대상으로 10주 동안 신체활동을 포함한 현실인식 훈련, 점진적 단어소실기법, 수공예를 이용한 작업치료 중심의 인지프로그램을 실시하였다. 실험군에서 인지기능, 우울정도, 수부근력과 수부조화운동에서 치료 전에 비해 치료 후에 유의한 호전을 보였다(p<.05). 그 결과 본 인지작업치료프로그램은 치매환자에서 우울감소와 수부근력 및 수부조화운동, 인지기능 회복을 위한 유용한 중재적 방법으로 생각된다. 치매는 주로 증상을 호전시키는 것이 목적이기 때문에 조기발견과 조기중재를 통해서 환자의 잔존기능 유지와 사회복귀를 위한 다양한 인지 훈련 프로그램의 개발이 필요하다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:수학교육학연구
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.33-55
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• 2011

미적분학 강사와 학생의 미분에 관한 담화의 특징을 인식에 관한 의사소통적 접근을 통해 조사하였다. 이 연구의 자료는 설문, 수업 관찰, 그리고 인터뷰를 통해 수집되었다. 연구의 결과는 강사들이 도함수와 미분계수의 관계, 함수로써 의 도함수 등 미분의 성질들을 명백히 서술함 없이 사용한다는 것과 학생들의 문제 풀이에 있어 이런 성질들을 부정확하게 서술하고 사용한다는 것을 보여준다. 미분에 관한 교사들의 암묵적인 담화와 학생들의 부정확한 설명은 그들이 용어, "미분"을 "미분계수" 혹은 "도함수"로 구분하지 않고 사용한다는 사실과 밀접한 관련이 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 강사와 학생의 담화 비교는 분명한 용어 사용을 포함한 미분의 수학적인 성질에 대한 명백히 설명이 학생들이 도함수의 한 값으로의 미분계수를 이해하는 것과 접선과 같은 도함수의 부정확한 개념을 극복하는 데 도움을 줄 수 있음을 암시한다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2019

본 연구는 우울한 노인과 우울하지 않은 노인 당뇨환자의 자가관리 자신감과 자가관리 행위와의 관계에서 인지기능의 조절효과를 비교, 분석하기 위해 시도된 서술적 조사연구이다. 자료수집 기간은 2015년 4월 20일부터 8월 31일까지로서 D광역시에 거주하는 60세 이상의 2형 당뇨병 환자를 대상으로 하였다. SPSS 20.0 통계 프로그램의 기술통계 및 t-test와 다중회귀분석을 이용하여 최종 205부를 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 비우울군과 우울군의 일반적 특성 및 당뇨병 자가관리 자신감, 자가관리 지식과 행위 및 인지기능에는 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었으며, 자가관리 자신감과 자가관리 행위와의 관계에서 인지기능의 조절효과를 파악하였을 때 비우울군에서는 인지기능의 조절효과가 없었으나, 우울군에서는 인지기능의 조절효과가 있는 것으로 파악되었다. 이에, 당뇨병 대상자가 자가간호 행위를 지속하도록 돕기 위하여 인지기능 저하 및 우울증 선별 테스트를 실시함으로써 개별적 접근을 시도하고, 인지기능의 향상 및 우울증을 개선하기 위한 다양한 프로그램의 개발과 적용이 필요할 것이다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.261-266
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this study is to examine the cognitive function change related to aging, the incidence of cognitive impairment, and the association between apolipoprotein E polymorphism and cognitive impairment through a follow-up of the elderly with normal cognitive ability at baseline. Methods : Two hundred and fifteen subjects aged 65 and over were surveyed in February, 1998 (baseline survey), and their cognitive function was assessed again in 2003 1st follow-up) and the once again in 2006 (2nd follow-up). Ninety one subjects completed all surveys up through the 2nd follow-up and their cognitive function scores using MMSE-K (Korean Version of the Mini-Mental State Examination) and the distribution of apolipoprotein E allele were analyzed. Results : The cognitive function scores decreased with aging and the difference between baseline and the 2nd follow-up scores of the study increased with the age group. The incidence rate of cognitive impairment through an 8-year follow-up was 38.5% and higher in older age groups. Age was the only significant factor for incidence of cognitive impairment, but there was no significant association between apolipoprotein E genotype and incidence of cognitive impairment. Conclusions : The cognition of the elderly decreased with aging and the association of apolipoprotein E genotype with incidence of cognitive impairment was not significant in this study. To confirm the association between apolipoprotein E polymorphism and incidence of cognitive impairment further studies will be needed.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a cognitive-exercise program using step on the cognitive function, gait, and depression of elderly with mild cognitive impairment. Methods : The subjects comprised 30 elderly people with mild cognitive impairment who used elderly welfare centers in the provinces A, B, and C between March 21 and June 7, 2019. They were divided into an experimental group (n=15) and a control group (n=15) before undergoing an experiment based on a pretest-posttest control group design. The lowenstein occupational therapy cognitive assessment-geriatric population was used to assess the subjects' cognitive function, while the 4-stage balance test, 30-second chair-stand test, timed up & go test, and functional reach test were employed to evaluate their gait. In addition, the beck depression inventory was used to measure their levels of depression. Results : The cognitive-exercise program using step enhanced the subjects' cognitive function and gait and reduced their levels of depression. Furthermore, statistically significant differences were found between the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion : The cognitive-exercise program using step promoted the process of sensorimotor and cognition through the learning process of various steps taking left and right steps and cognitive activities. It improves gait by activating the coordination of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems of the body and positively affecting posture control, balance, flexibility, and lower extremity muscles. It also relieved depression by performing successful step learning and cognitive activities with forward-looking (doing) that leads to pleasure and achievement. The present study confirmed the value of a cognitive-exercise program using step to treat multiple domains of functional decline in elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment. This is therefore proposed as an intervention program for this patient group.